Kaihōpara Arctic mohiotia

rihaina Arctic tangata i te tahuri o nga rau tau XIX me XX. Tenei pakeke-ki-mata tūhuratia aito mau i nga whenua maha: .. Russia, Norway, Sweden, Italy, me ētahi atu te hītori o te kitea o te Arctic - e kore te mea pūtaiao anake, engari ano hoki i te iwi hākinakina e tonu ki tenei ra.

Nils Nordenskiöld

kaihōpara Arctic whanau Nils Nordenskiöld (1832-1901) i roto i Finland, ka no ki Russia, Heoi, he tōnapi i whanau, whakahaere tona haerenga ki raro i te haki Swedish. I roto i tona tamarikitanga tae mai ia tokomaha i roto i Spitsbergen. Nordenskiöld ko te haere 'e tono he' tuatahi i te whārangi tio Greenland. kairangahau katoa te pai-mohiotia i roto i te timatanga Arctic o te rau tau XX te deservedly i titiro ia rite te matua wairua o tona mahi.

Ko te paetae matua o Adolfa Nordenshelda tona ope ki te Kōrero Te Tai Tokerau-Te Tai Rāwhiti i roto i te biennium 1878-1879. Ko te tima "Vega" ko ko te kotahi tuatahi mo te haere me te rohe raki o Eurasia me tino taiawhiotia fenua nui. Kaiaka Nordenskjold tata uri - tona ingoa i homai te ki te maha ngā āhuatanga matawhenua o te Arctic. Ko tenei tae atu te tinomoutere tata te Taimyr me te Gulf e pā ana ki te whenua New.

Robert Piri

Ingoa Roberta Piri (1856-1920) - ina koa i roto i te hītori o ngā haerenga neke. Ko reira ia - te kaihōpara Arctic tuatahi nei patua te Te Tai Tokerau Pou. I roto i te 1886, whakaturia te kaihōpara i ki whakawhiti Greenland i runga i te reti. Heoi, i roto i te iwi ngaro ia ki Fridtjof Nansen.

Ko te kaihōpara ka Arctic nga EXTREMALS tikanga atu noa atu i te mea i teie nei. i reira ano ko kahore he taputapu hou, me te aito mau i ki te mahi tata matapo. Te whakaaro ki te wikitoria i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou, faaoti Peary ki tahuri ki te ora, me ngā tikanga o te Eskimos. Ngā mihi ki te "utu ahurea" whakarerea American te whakamahi o peke moe me teneti. Engari, ko ia ki te huihui ki te mahi o te hanga whare haupapa.

Home Travel Piri - tona ope tuaono ki te Arctic i 1908-1909. ngā te rōpū 22 Ameliká me 49 Eskimos. Ahakoa, ka rite ki te tikanga, i tonoa ngā Arctic ki nga pito o te whenua ki te whāinga pūtaiao, te kamupene Piri ngā anake i te hiahia ki te hoatu i te record. i patua Te Tai Tokerau Pou e ngā kaihōpara April 6, 1909.

Raul Amundsen

Hoki te wā tuatahi haere Raul Amundsen (1872-1928) ki te Arctic i 1897-1899 gg., Hea ka mau ia wahi i roto i te ope Beletita, i ko te kaiwhakatere o tetahi o nga kaipuke. I muri hoki mai ki tona kāinga o Norway timata ki te faaineine no te haere motuhake. I mua ki tenei, kairangahau o te Arctic waiwai turia ki te kapa nui i runga i te maha o oko. faaoti Amundsen ki whakarere i te mahi.

hokona kaihōpara pākoki te yacht iti "Joa" ka huihuia te ope iti takitahi taea e tautoko ia ratou i te hopu me te huihuinga. whakarewahia tenei ope i roto i 1903. Ko te wāhi tīmata ko te Norse Greenland, me te whakamutunga - Alaska. Ko te kupu, patua te tuatahi Raul Amundsen te Kōrero Northwest - te ara moana i roto i te Canadian Arctic tinomoutere. Ko te angitu inä. I roto i te 1911, kua tae te kaihōpara neke tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te taata nei te Pou Tonga. I roto i te heke mai, ka hiahia i roto i te whakamahi o te rererangi, tae atu ki ngā airships me seaplanes Amundsen. ka mate te kairangahau i roto i te 1928, rapu hoki te ope ngaro o Umberto Nobile.

Nansen

Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) timata te tūhura i te Arctic tika mo te ngahau. Ka rite ki te kōpaka ngaio, me te papa retiwai e, ko ia 27 tau tau faaoti ki ripeka-whenua te faahee ra he nui Greenland tio potae me hanga te nganatanga tuatahi hītori.

Te Tai Tokerau Pou e kore kua ano i patua e Peary, Nansen ka faaoti ki te whakatutuki i te wāhi taha'akí, paea ki te tio i runga i te kaipuke "fram". Ko te kaipuke i te whakarau o te tio te raki o Cape Chelyuskin. haere rōpū neke i runga i ngā ekenga, engari i roto i April 1895, pa tonu 86 nga nekehanga ahopae raki, ka tahuri hoki.

I muri mai e kore i Fridtjof Nansen wāhi i roto i te waitaua pionie. Engari, rumakina ia ia i roto i te pūtaiao, te riroraa he kaimātai kararehe tino me te kaituhi o te ako tatini. Ko te tūnga o te ahua tūmatanui pai-mohiotia Nansen aro ki te mau hopearaa o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i roto i Europe. Ua tauturu ia rerenga i whenua rerekē, me te fiekaia Täingäwai. I roto i te 1922, whakawhiwhia te kaihōpara Norwegian Arctic i te Nobel te rangimarie paraihe.

Umberto Nobile

Italian Umberto Nobile (1885-1978) mohiotia te rite i te kaihōpara neke kore anake. Tona ingoa e pā ana te ki te wā koura o mua. Amundsen, e patua i runga i te whakaaro o te rangi rere i runga i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou, tutaki ia ki te mātanga i te mara o te aeronautics Nobile i 1924. Kua i 1926, i te kamupene Itari Argonaut Scandinavian me American milioni rereke Lincoln Ellsworth haere ki te whati epochal. Ko te mua "Norway" aru tuatahi ara tuatahi Roma - Te Tai Tokerau Pou - Alaska Peninsula.

riro Umberto Nobile te aito motu, a ka hanga te Duce Mussolini ia mema whānui, me te hōnore o te Pāti Fascist. ue'i te angitu te re-kaihanga o mua ki te whakarite i tētahi ope. I tenei wa, te wairingi tuatahi i roto i te hui takaro Itari (rererangi neke, me te kua huaina "Italy"). I te ara tuki hoki i te mua Te Tai Tokerau Pou, ka mate a wahi o te waka, a ka tangohia mai Nobile i tona huka Icebreaker Soviet "Krasin".

Chelyuskinites

Chelyuskinites feat - he whārangi ahurei i roto i te hītori o rohe tūhura neke. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te whakamātau kāore i ki te whakatū i te whakaterenga taha te Moana Northern Route. I faauruhia te reira i pūtaiao Otto Schmidt me Kāpene-neke Vladimir Voronin. I roto i te 1933, ka tonoa e ratou te tima "Chelyuskin" ka haere i runga i te ope haere te rohe raki o Eurasia.

rapu kaihōpara Arctic Soviet ki te whakamatau e te Northern Moana Route taea te haere e kore e anake i runga i te waka rite rawa, engari ano hoki i te pōti utanga ohie. O te akoranga, ko reira he petipeti, a meinga ana e ia mārama ki te mekameka i roto i te Bering Strait, te wahi mongamonga tio i pakaru te kaipuke.

Ko te waka o "Chelyuskin" hohoro whakatahia, me i te whakapaipai o te kōmihana kāwanatanga ki te whakarite i i hanga te faaora o ngā kaihōpara neke. Kua hoki mai te iwi kāinga i te piriti rangi ki te awhina o rererangi. Ko te hītori o "Chelyuskin" me tona kauhoe patua te ao. Kaiurungi, fakahaofi tuatahi ki te farii i te taitara o Hero o te Soviet Union.

Georgy Sedov

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914) hono to ratou oraraa ki te moana kia rite ki te tangata taitamariki, tomo Rostov akomanga Urungi. I mua i te riroraa i te kaihōpara Arctic, whai wāhi ia i roto i te whawhai Russian-Japanese, i roto i i whakahaua he poti tōkiri.

Ko te ope pākoki tuatahi ka mau Sedov wahi i roto i 1909, ka whakaahuatia e ia te mangai o te awa Kolyma. Na ka uiui e ia te whenua hou (tae atu ona Krestov Guba). I roto i te 1912, fokotu'u rūtene matua e te ope tsarist kaupapa kāwanatanga koi, te whakaaro o i ko te Te Tai Tokerau Pou.

kihai Mana ki te tautoko meá. Na ka kohia e ia te moni i pūtea tūmataiti me te haerenga whakaritea tonu. Tona kaipuke "St. Foka" i āraia e te tio i Novaya Zemlya. ka hinga Sedov kino ki papaka, engari haere tahi tonu e rave rahi hoa haere ki te reti ki te Te Tai Tokerau Pou. mate Polar en huarahi tata ki te moutere o Rudolf, te wahi i tanumia ai ia.

Valery Chkalov

More maha atu i te kaihōpara Arctic Russian e pā ana ki kaipuke, sleighs me sledding kuri. Heoi, tona takoha ki te ako o ngā wāhi neke me kaiurungi i hanga. Ko te ace matua Soviet Valeriy Chkalov (1904-1938) i te tau 1937 i hanga te rere Linipeeki tuatahi i Moscou ki Vancouver mā te Te Tai Tokerau Pou.

ka Buddy ropu tinei rangatira i runga i te misioni i te tahi-pairati Georgy Bajdukov me kaiwhakatere Alexander Belyakov. hanga Neke 63 haora o popokorua-25 tona ara-roa 9000 kiromita. Ko nga toa o Vancouver tatari kairīpoata i huri noa te ao, a ka riro mai fakatāutaha te US te peresideni Roosevelt kaiurungi i roto i te Whare White.

Ivan Papanin

Tata tino Ivan Papanin (1894-1896) - te kaihōpara tino rongonui Soviet Arctic. Ko tona papa te kaimahi tauranga Sevastopol, ehara i te mea maere e te tamaiti i roto i te kōhungahunga tahuna moana. I roto i te raki puta Papanin mo te wa tuatahi i roto i 1931, te toro i runga i te kaipuke "Malygin" Franz Josef Whenua.

kororia haruru ki kaihōpara Arctic haere mai i 44 tau o te tau. I roto i te 1937-1938. arahina Papanin te mahi o te tuatahi i roto i te ao e tere "Te Tai Tokerau Pou" teihana. pau 274 ra e wha pūtaiao i runga i te huka, te mātakitaki i te kōhauhau o Papatūānuku, me te wai ōnuku o te Arctic Ocean. riro Papanin he Hero o te Soviet Union rua.