Te moana Northern Route. Tauranga o te Moana Northern Route. Whanaketanga o te uara me te whanaketanga o te Moana Northern Route

He wāhi moana nui i roto i te Arctic Russia. Na roto i enei whanuitanga takoto te Northern Moana Route (NSR) - te huarahi whakatere ahurei ki te hītori ngā me opuaraa rawa nui.

Ko te ara moana rongonui e haere i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau

whakaaro te moana Raki Route te te hīkoitanga matua me tino nui o te kaipuke Russian i roto i te rohe Arctic. haere ia i roto i te moana e rere ki te Arctic Ocean. Tenei huanui hono tauranga moana kei roto i nga wahi Pākehā me Far Eastern o Russia. Ko te timatanga o te Northern Moana Route - te kuwaha Kara. Mutu ara i roto i Providence Bay. Ko te roa tapeke o te Moana Northern Route - te tikanga o 5600 km, te wa tuatahi i te reira katoa ka haere atu te ope Swedish moreplavatelnaya arahina e Nordenskiöld i 1878-79 tau.

Kei te kaha te moana Northern Route whakamahia e heramana Soviet i roto i 1940-80-doma. I roto i 70 o tenei huarahi timata matou ki te haere icebreakers. I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union reira timata ki te puta marae pinepine ke. Ko nga tauranga nui o te Northern Moana Route i Igarka, Dikson, Tiksi, Dudinka ko Pevek Providence. whakahaere Navigation e te Tari o Maritime Transport o te Russian Federation (i roto i te Soviet Union i Glavsevmorput, a ka te Tāhuhu o Morflot).

Ko te tauranga matua

tīmata te moana Northern Route i te Moana Barents. Te reira i ka tonu i roto i te tahi atu wai o moana - Kara, Laptev ko Te Tai Rāwhiti Siberian ko Chukchi. I roto i ia o nga tinana wai e kei nga tauranga matua o te Moana Northern Route. Tuatahi reira Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, ki te rawhiti - Dixon, i roto i te rohe o te Yenisei Gulf oko haere na roto i Dudinka ko Igarka, takahi ki te Moana Laptev - i roto i Noordwijk, ka Tiksi (raorao o te Lena), Ambarchik (te mangai o te Kolyma), ko Pevek me tauranga i roto i Providence.

Enei taonga o te hanganga kaipuke, e kua kei i te mangai o awa nui ngāue rite te wāhi tauwhiro mō kaipuke utanga ūnga. Te moana Northern Route - he huarahi haere i kawea rakau, mīhini, waro, rauemi hanga, kai, furs. Kua taunga te tauranga i runga i te Moana Northern Route ki te farii i te icebreakers nui.

Raruraru o te whanaketanga o SMEs

Tohunga whakapono e ka rapua e te ao hou, o te hanganga Arctic Russian nui haumi pūtea, me te tangata. ka waiho te reira e tika ana ki te whakapai ake i te mahi i runga i hydrography me te huarere, ki te whakatū i te pūnaha o te tirotiro irirangi o kaupapa o te huka, te hanga tari kāwanatanga te kawenga mō te mana taiao. He mea tika ki te whakapiki ake i te rauemi MOE, te whakapai ake hanganga tauranga.

I tua atu, mea kaitätari, i reira e maha take kāore anō e pā ana ki te turanga normative-ture whakahaere i te kaupapa o kaipuke haere te NSR. I roto i te ara maha, ka whakatau tenei āhuatanga i te rārangi atu ātaahua ki pūtea ke - a kahore anake i roto i te mara o te utanga kaipuke, rite taua, engari ano hoki i roto i te wāhanga pātata. Ko te hunga i, mo te tauira, te tāpoi Arctic. He maha te hunga e hiahia ana ki te hanga i te haerenga ki te Te Tai Tokerau Pou, me kamupene i Russia kia riro kaituku nui rawa o te ao o taua ratonga haere.

Interest i ētahi atu whenua

E ai ki etahi tohunga, te whanaketanga o te Northern Moana Route he mahi hoki i te tūturu o Russia kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te maha atu whenua. Tuatahi o te katoa, nga mana nui o te Asia-Kiwa - China ko India. Whakaatu moni me te iti, engari mana āhua - pērā i Singapore. Kua te whakaaro ētahi rangatira Russian e hiahia tatou ture ture whakahaere i te kaupapa o te waka moana ki kamupene kaipuke ke.

Te āhuatanga, mea tohunga, kia kia faingataa e te tūranga o te United States e kore e nei whakaaro e te matua o te Northern Moana huarahi e anake i roto i te mana Russian. Ano, rite tonu ki te tikanga ture o te huanui noa i roto i Russia reira he kahore whakaaro. Ko reira he roia e whakapono e he tika katoa ki te whakahaere i te wahi o kaipuke taha te Moana Northern Route roto i nga tikanga o te Kotahitanga o Kawenata i te ture o te moana, whakapumautia i roto i 1982 Russia.

I te whakahaere o te SMP

Ko te tinana kāwanatanga matua e whai ana ki te whakahaere i te whakatere i roto i te SMP - ko te Whakahaere o te Northern Moana Route, kei te tari pokapū i roto i Moscow. E ai ki nga tikanga o te ture Russian, kawea kaipuke i nga wai o te paipa kei te roto i roto i te tikanga tukua. Me tono oko rangatira i roto i te mua ki te whakamahi i te wai NSR. Whakahaere o te Moana Northern Route whakaaro me te hanga i te whakatau ki te tukua mai te paopao ki reira ranei. Te mea faahiahia, e hou tino te tukanga tono: Ka taea te tonoa tuhinga rorohiko, me, ano, i roto i te reo Ingarihi, i te mea tino watea hoki kaumoana ke. titiro NSR Whakahaere te tono i roto i te 10 rā mahi me wahi tō whakautu (he whakatau e pā ana ki mehemea e kore ranei ki te puta i te puka) i runga i te paetukutuku mōhiohio.

tika o te whakatere

Russian Northern Moana Route - huanui, te wahi i reira he ture whakatere tautuhia e te ture o te Russian Federation. E korerotia He maha ngā whakaritenga nui i roto i te natura. Hoki tauira, ki te kia te kaipuke i runga i SMEs me whakawhiti te Te Hau-ā-uru (Te Tai Rāwhiti) raina, ka kotahi te ra me unga rangatira o te kaipuke ki te Whakahaere o te Moana Northern Route mōhiohio matua e pā ana ki tona kaipuke.

I roto ia ratou - te taunga matawhenua o te kaipuke, te wa whakamaheretia pau i roto i te wai o te SMP, te akoranga tangohia, tere, me te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te aroaro o te tio i runga i te ara o te kaipuke. Ka whakamōhio tonu te rangatira o te kaipuke te Whakahaere o te NSR i runga i nga puna kitea o poke. Me fakafekau'aki aua momo o oko e kore e taea e e neke i roto i te kukū mätotoru o te tio, ratou mahi ki te kaipuke Icebreaker me kia i roto i te kōrero tonu ki te whakahaere SMP ki te whai i nga tohutohu mo te kaupapa anō ki te tika.

NSR

hiahia ētahi heramana kore ki te mahi i runga i taua ngā rite te Northern Moana Route, whakakapi i te reira ki te wā "rohe". Ko 200 maero te roa o te tauine o SMEs, ko te kupu te whakawhānui i roto i te whanui o te moana rohe o 12 maero me te rohe ōhanga o te kaupapa noa o oko. Area SMP - i te kuwaha Kara ki te Bering Strait.

Te Northern Moana Route, kia rite ki te maha o kaumoana - te matatini o te maha ara kaipuke. e kore te mea tamau ratou roa tangohia, me te tei te nuinga i runga i ngā rerekētanga kaupeka i roto i te matotoru, me te wāhi o te hukapapa Arctic. Te moana Northern Route - he neke atu i te 70 tauranga nui me ngā. He maha ngā rohe Russian (Chukotka, Yakutia rohe me rohe pātata) mo e NSR - anake te huarahi honotanga ratou ki te toenga o te whenua.

icebreakers Nuclear i runga i SMP

Nā ki ngā āhuatanga matawhenua, me te huarere o te kaupapa o oko i runga i te Moana Northern Route e taea waho te whai wāhitanga o te tāruru Icebreaker. Na haere i roto i te NSR 6 icebreakers karihi-powered. Tenei kaipuke fakapapau'i mahi pūmau o te ara moana katoa me te solves raruraru e pā ana ki te whakapai ake te uru ki nga rohe o te Far Te Tai Tokerau o Russia me te papa Arctic. E ai ki etahi tohunga, te Icebreaker kaipuke Russian - te tiai o haumaru motu. Ka rite ki taua, te kaipuke icebreaking ko runga 8,000 maero - i Murmansk, Vladivostok me whakamutu. Mau, whai wāhi e rua o te kamupene nui rawa i roto i kaipuke i te NSR, rēhita i roto i enei pa e rua. E ai ki etahi tohunga, kia nui haere te Icebreaker kaipuke Russian. Tenei ka whakapai ake i te noho tuwhera tonu ōhanga o te ara ki te waihanga mahi hou i roto i te SMEs rohe, ki te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga ki te hekenga taupori ki te Te Tai Tokerau.

opuaraa ōhanga

E ai ki etahi tohunga, kia waiho SMEs te tapahanga hoki te tāwhai te Suez me ētahi atu taonga o te hanganga moana nui rawa o te ao. E ai ki etahi kaitätari, te mōrahi kaha o SMEs - e pā ana ki te 50 miriona taranata o utanga ia tau. Kaumoana ratou whakapono ai te SMP ko nga tau atu me te ake rongonui - rawa ki te whakamārama o te tupu mahi i roto i te hinu, me te hau kamupene i roto i te rohe o Yamal me te Arctic.

He wāhi nui i roto i te whakamahi tōtika o huarahi e whakapono ki kaumoana kia hanga pūtea tūmataiti. He rorotu Dynamics: i roto i te 2010, kua anake kua te SMP 4 oko nui, ka i roto i 2011 - 34, a i roto i te 2012 - kua 46. Tohunga whakapono e reira he take katoa ki te titau tipu atu i roto i te mahi o kamupene kaipuke i roto i nga wai NSR - e rua Russian me ke.

tūranga o te kāwanatanga

E ai ki etahi kaitätari, i mua i te timatanga o nga 2000, kua utua Russia iti rawa pānga o te whanaketanga o te Arctic rite te katoa, me te Northern Moana Route i ngā. Heoi, i roto i nga tau tata nei, kua tino kaha te āhua i roto i ēnei wāhanga. Ka anga ki te puta ture hou whakaara ake ngā take e hāngai ana ki te whanaketanga o te rohe pātata ana ki te SMP. Ēnei ngā, tohunga mea, te nuinga e tika ana ki te tūranga nui hītori o Russia i te Arctic, ki te hiahia o te kāwanatanga faahou tona mana o mua i roto i te rohe. I roto i te 2008, hainatia te peresideni he tuhinga nui - "Tumu o te kaupapa here kāwanatanga Russian i roto i te Arctic ki runga ki te 2020". ngā wāhi Russian raki tāutuhia reira rite tetahi o nga rahui rautaki matua o te whenua. Ētahi SMP puna ko te ahanoa o kōrero waka motu. He ko tetahi puna o te ture - "Rautaki o te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga o Siberia", tangohia i roto i te 2010. tuhipoka reira e te whakamahi pai o ngā rauemi SMEs - he take matua i roto i te angitu whanaketanga ōhanga i roto i te rohe Siberian.

Web i China

Ko tētahi o nga kaitākaro ke tino kaha e pā ana whakatere i te wai o te SMP - China, he hononga ki Russia i roto i nga tau tata nei whakaaro rawa e hāngai ana. I roto i te hinga o 2013, kua tuhia etahi tohunga he sīpinga ngā, e pā ana ki te wahi i roto i te oko moana Northern Route Yong Sheng. tahuri te reira i roto i taua i te kaipuke, hiahia ki te haere i roto i te Russian Railway, riro e pā ana ki e rua wiki whakaritea ki te mea ki uta, i roto i te ara tuku iho mō ngā kaumoana Hainamana i roto i te Indian Ocean roto i te Suez. O te akoranga, e kore i taea e te reira pā te hua atu i roto i te moni o nga kamupene kaipuke Hainamana ki te whakamahi hei ara ātaahua. Kei te kaha te mahi tahi i roto i te anga o te whakatere i te wai o te SMP kōrero i waenganui i China ko Russia i te taumata kāwanatanga.

Peresideni o Russia i runga i te SMP

ata te moni o te kāwanatanga i roto i te whanaketanga ake kaha me te whai hua o te Moana Raki Route e te hi'oraa o te tūranga o te peresideni. Kua whakaakona Vladimir Putin te tinana whakahaere ki te kawe ki 2015 te rerekē haere i runga i SMP ake huarahi ki te 4 miriona taranata. Hoki tenei tukanga ki te kia speeded ake te whakaaetanga o oko hou e taea o te haere ki nga tikanga tio, me te tio-tuatea - karihi, me te diesel. Ko te peresideni tuhia e te mea e tika ana ki te whakapai ake i te hanganga kōrero, moana navigation, te tiaki o kaipuke. Ko te whāinga ao - ki te tahuri i te huarahi ki te ātaahua mō ngā kamupene tūmataiti i roto i Russia me te aronga ki waho. I pehea angitu ka te whanaketanga o SMEs, te upoko o te kāwanatanga, tei runga i te ara i roto i te Russia heke mai ka e taea ki te whakatairanga ratou ake ngākau nuitanga motu i roto i te Arctic.

Ko te uara o te NSR mo Russia

He rite ki te akoranga o te kāwanatanga o whānui i roto i te pā ana ki te āhua o kia te whanaketanga o te Moana Northern Route whakahau Vladimira Putina. whanaketanga Economic o te maha rohe o Russia tei runga i te hanga o te hanganga, ka hei SMEs pehea angitu - ina koa i roto i te Arkhangelsk Region, Siberia. E ai ki etahi kaitätari, he uaua ki te pe si◊aki te faufaa o te Moana Northern Route ki Russia. Hoki to matou whenua, te SMP - he kore noa he ara moana whaihua, engari ano hoki i te taputapu e ka whakaoti i te mahi nui i roto i te rohe Arctic. Na reira, ara, ki te ōhanga kore e te Northern Moana Route kia rite utu-whai hua rite tūmanakohia reira nga mana, nga tohunga, kāwanatanga te whenua o whai ki te whakapono, ka tonu ki te haumi i roto i te hanganga tauranga me te hanga icebreakers - tahuri, ki te tika, SMEs i roto i te turanga rautaki mō te korero motu.