Wini whakakahokaho karaihe Ion

Totoka te tīariari i roto i tioata me te amorphous, me te pai i te hanganga, tioata. rere ke te reira i te wāhi tika o te matūriki i roto i ngā tautuhi ïa, āhuatanga e hohokitanga wā i roto i te rōrahi, wāhi e toru-ahu. Ki te hinengaro ki te hono i ēnei ngā ki tonu - te tiki i te anga wāhi, i huaina nei ko te mea ripekapeka karaihe. Ko te wā "ripekapeka, tioata" e pā ana ki te tauira āhuahanga e whakaahua ana i te periodicity toru-ahu i roto i te whakatakoto rāpoi ngota (ngota, katote) i roto i te rohe karaihe.

matūriki i huaina wāhi ngā o te kōpuku ripekapeka. Roto te anga he kōrero ā-kōpuku. Momo me āhua o te therebetween matūriki kōrero: rāpoi ngota, ngota, katote - whakatau i te momo o te karaihe ripekapeka. I roto i te katoa i reira e wha o enei momo: katote, ngota, rāpoi, me te whakarewa.

Ki te nga ngā wini whakakahokaho whakaritea katote (matūriki ki te tiaki kino pai ranei), tenei katote karaihe whakakahokaho, āhuatanga e hononga o te taua ingoa.

he nui te kaha, me te pūmau ēnei hononga. Ko te kupu, māngai ki tenei momo o te hanganga i te pakeke ka makona nui, me te mātotoru, kore-ahua me te whakangutungutu. I pāmahana iti, whakahihi ratou rite insulators. Heoi, i runga i rewa o taua pūhui pakaru tika āhuahanga katote karaihe ripekapeka (katote wāhi) me te hononga kaha iti.

I te pāmahana tata ki te pāmahana rewa o te tioata me te katote here e taea ki te kawe nāianei hiko kua. He ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai, me te tahi atu wai, e kua titoa o rāpoi neke taua pūhui.

Ion karaihe wini whakakahokaho āhuatanga o matū katoa ki katote here - tai, waihā whakarewa, whakarewa pūhui ā-rua ki nonmetals. here katote e kore e whai directivity i roto i te wāhi no te mea e pā ana ia katote te ki te maha katote counter, tei te kaha o te pāhekoheko i runga i te tawhiti i waenganui i a ratou (te ture a Coulomb). pūhui Ion-e pā ana i te hanganga kore-rāpoi, he totoka ki arapaki katote, tino neke, rewa tiketike me ngā koropupū ratou, i roto i te wairewa, he reira electrically conductive. Pūhui ki katote here i roto i tona puka parakore kore tata te kitea.

Ion karaihe wini whakakahokaho āhuatanga o te tahi mau waikura angamaheni me waihā o konganuku, Mariao, i.e., Matū ki te katote here matū.

I tua atu i reira ko te katote here, te konganuku, rāpoi, me te kotuari here i roto i te karaihe.

Tioata he here kotuari, he Semiconductors insulators ranei. tauira Angamaheni o tioata ngota he taimana, silicon me germanium.

Taimana - he kohuke whakarerekē allotropic pūtoru (puka) o waro. Ko te wini whakakahokaho karaihe o taimana - karihi, tino uaua. e toaati e tino kaha te mekameka kotuari nga kōpuku o te taua ngota ripekapeka. Kei te tito Diamond o ngā ngota waro motuhake kei tetahi i roto i te pokapū o te matawhārite, ko te ngota tata wha nei akitū. āhuatanga he mea ripekapeka taua e te wae pūtau fcc, hua i roto i te pakeke mōrahi o te taimana, me te ira whakakoero ngā tiketike. I roto i te wini whakakahokaho taimana reira he kahore rāpoi ngota - a taea te whakaaro te karaihe rite kotahi rāpoi ngota pakari.

I tua atu, i te ngota karaihe wini whakakahokaho huru o silicon, boron mārō, germanium me pūhui o ngā huānga takitahi ki silicon me te waro (takawai, kiripaka, Mika, onepu awa, silicon carbide). I roto i te whānui, māngai o totoka tioata he āhua torutoru ki wini ngota.