Whakarāpopototanga Statistical - he aha te mea tenei? Tukanga me momo

whakarāpopototanga Statistical - he mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taupori ako kōwae kotahi e tohu i te reira i taha rerekē tenei. Kia riro te reira i muri i te taahiraa whakamātautau tuatahi. Ko te hua o te pūrongo tauanga whakaputaina e whakatau me te systematization o tohu tāutuhia i roto i te tukanga o te mātakitaki.

uara

Whakarāpopoto (rōpū) rauemi tauanga taea ki a koe kitea ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te taupori rite te katoa, a ki te tautuhi i te wāhanga rerekē, ki te kitea tātarihia ngā tauira ohaoha, tukanga pāpori me ari. Taua systematization - he whakarāpopototanga o te rauemi tauanga tuatahi.

ngā wāhanga o te mahi

tatauranga whakarāpopoto me whakarōpūtanga tā maha ngā wāhanga motuhake. I muri whakamana te tātari tuatahi te tukatuka o nga hua whiwhi, te whāinga, ko te ki te whiwhi mōhiohio whānui e pā ana ki te tukanga i raro i ako tītohunga ranei i etahi āhuatanga.

whakarāpopototanga Statistical - ko te hua whiwhi i muri i te tukatuka o te mōhiohio taketake. Ko tā te reira i te whakawhitinga i te raraunga raima ki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tauira, me ngā āhuatanga noa, i te hunga tūturu i roto i te tukanga ranei i roto i te āhuatanga katoa.

Kia pehea te ko te whakarāpopototanga tauanga? Ko te kaupae mo tona whakatinanatanga e whai ake nei:

• mana tuatahi; konei takina te wātea e pā ana ki te āhuatanga (tukanga) raraunga;
• tohatoha o etahi āhuatanga o tohu katoa;
• hanga i runga i te pūtake o tohu tatauranga e wātea ana o te tepu.

hiahiatia taua mahi e ki te whakarite kia te mōhiohio whakaputaina i roto i te puka o tepu tauanga, ko mārama, me te ngāwari ki te pānui i.

whakarōpū

A feruri i te momo matua o ngā pūrongo tauanga. Tohatoha i te ohie, me te āhua matatini. Mōhiohio i runga i wae takitahi ka whakarapopototia ki rite te katoa, e kore e wehewehe i te reira ki ngā momo ōrite.

Ko te hua mutunga ka waiho he whakarāpopototanga tatauranga ohie o te wātea pou-maimoatanga o te rauemi. I tua atu, kua reira he uara motuhake, me te mōhiohio.

Āhuatanga tatauranga ohie

whakarāpopototanga tauanga Simple - he mahi e pā ana e te ana ki te tātai o te rōpū, me te whakarāpopototanga raraunga i runga i te nui o ngā waeine o te mātakitaki, me te rēhita o te rauemi e wātea ana i roto i te papa. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te reira ki te tautuhi i te maha o ngā waeine tātarihia tahi, matau te whānuitanga ki te hamani i te tohu, engari e kore e whai i te whakaaro o te katoa tātarihia tahi.

tatauranga mātanga

Tenei whakarāpopototanga tauanga - ngā whawhati reira mōhiohio whakahiato i runga i ngā rōpū ōrite takitahi. Whakatinana ngā tapeke tatau motuhake i roto i ia o ratou. I tua atu tātari i runga i te he fakakātoa katoa. Ka taea te kawea Mā te he tātaritanga taua i roto i te ako taipitopito o te kaupapa ahanoa ranei, te tautuhi i te āhuatanga e whai i te pānga i runga taua mea, whakatau i te āhuatanga me ngā tauira o te taupori tātarihia.

Tenei whakarāpopototanga tauanga me te whakarōpūtanga he ngā mahi matatini e pā ana ki te tukanga whakaaro wae tohatoha analyte pāpori ōhanga ranei (tītohunga) ki ngā rōpū motuhake.

I tua atu, Ko te tikanga reira ki te hanga i te pūnaha o etahi tawhā, mā nei e kia āhuatanga o te rōpū, subgroups o te moni i roto i te ari pātai, te tāutu i te maha o ngā wae i ia o ratou, me te te hua o te whakatūnga o ngā ripanga tatauranga. Nā ki te tātari ariā ki tonu o te ihirangi me te āhua o te tukanga me ngā hua ka whakamana te whakarāpopoto tatauranga oti, me te whakarōpūtanga.

pūrongo āhuatanga General

He whakarāpopototanga o te e kitea te tauanga riro te tika me te mana o nga hua.

Kei roto i te hōtaka, me te mahere mō tenei ako tatauria o te rōpū ki ai he fakakātoa 'o te kitenga tātarihia. Tei runga i te tono o ngā pūrongo tauanga, tīpakohia tētahi hōtaka motuhake te.

Ko tā te reira i te whai i ēnei:

• te kōwhiringa ki te āhuatanga rōpū ki te hanga i ngā pūnaha ōrite;
• te whakatau i te maha o ngā rōpū, me te tikanga o to ratou hanganga;
• Whanaketanga o te pūnaha o ngā tohu tauanga mō te whakamātautau o te ahanoa me te plurality o ngā rōpū;
• hanganga o te whakatakotoranga o nga tepu tauanga ki te whiwhi i te mōhiohio whakamutunga.

Āhuatanga o ngā momo rerekē o ngā pūrongo

haere tahi te whakarāpopototanga o te tatauranga e tuhi ake tona mahere whakatinana. riro te reira i ngā mōhiohio i runga i te wā, hātepe, tikanga o nga pūrongo, me te te kaihaka. Kia tino ki te tautuhi i te ture me te tikanga i roto i nei e kia ōkawa kitea tauanga. wehea rōpū Whakarāpopototanga ki kōwhiringa centralized me wehenga.

Ko tā te kōwhiringa tuarua te kōtuitui o ngā mōhiohio, ka mahi i te rangahau i runga ki raro i runga i te arawhata whakahaere, ka kawea atu i ngā wāhanga katoa o te tukatuka taipitopito. Kei te mahi te reira i roto i te parae, arā i roto i te wāhi mahi. mai ētahi atu mōhiohio i roto i tari tatauranga mahi i roto i ia whenua kaupapa. Hea e tukatuka ratou, ka tonoa ki te Komiti State Tatauranga Russian. Anake ka ahu mai ngā tapeke mō te āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga i roto i te whenua.

Ko te whakarāpopoto tauanga centralized whakarato te tikanga, e pā ana i te kukū o te raraunga raw katoa whiwhi i roto i te rangahau tauanga, i te timatanga ki te mutunga o te whakahaere kotahi.

Tei runga i te whakatinanatanga hangarau, ka taea e te whakarāpopototanga e ā, me te mīhini, e whai wāhi mai te whakamahinga o rorohiko.

whakarōpūtanga Whakarōpū me he

Ngā mihi ki te wehenga e hāngai ana pūtaiao-ki ngā rōpū, ka taea e hanga e koe whakatau tonu, me te tika e pā ana ki te taupori ūnga, me te tukanga haere tonu.

whakaaro te ngako o te rōpū pūtaiao i roto i taipitopito te mahi V. I. Lenina. Ua faaite e ia i roto i taua hiahia i te whakarōpūtanga tauanga he tātaritanga ā-ohaoha whānui o te ari i roto i te pātai.

Me hāngai te whakarōpū tāupe ki te mahi kawea i roto i na roto i te rangahau tauanga. Tei runga i te tika o ratou whiriwhiri, ka taea e koe te tautuhi i te momo pāpori-ōhanga o te tītohu tātarihia. Ka rite ki te tauira e tiaho o taua rōpū e taea te whakaaro tona mahi, e pā nei te ki te whanaketanga o te te moni i roto i Russia.

Ko reira ki te awhina o whakarōpūtanga tauanga taea te kawea ako tonu i roto i. Ki te hanga i ngā rōpū ōrite i runga i te pūtake o te wehenga ki nga wahi motuhake whakakotahi ranei ako taupori tauanga i roto i ngā wae te taha e hiahia ana etahi āhuatanga.

Ngā momo o te whakarōpūtanga tauanga

I roto i tona tono, ka taea e koe te mahi i te mahi e whai ake nei:

• te whakanui i te momo pāpori-ōhanga o tītohu;
• tītohunga ki ako hanganga me aua rerekētanga i puta i roto ia ratou;
• interdependencies whiriwhiri me te whanaungatanga i waenganui i ngā me huanga, i te āhuatanga e ratou.

He aha e nga momo rerekē o whakarōpūtanga tauanga? Typological amo taupori ōrite, rite i roto i te tāupe whakarōpū. Ka rite ki tauira o reira kia whakahuatia whakarōpūtanga whenua i te momo o te mana. I roto i te rōpū typological whakarongo motuhake ki te kōwhiringa me te tāutu o ngā momo. Hei hanga i te rōpū typological, te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga ine, me te kounga.

Ko te huinga o ngā āhuatanga attributive e pā ana ki te tohatoha o te maha o ngā rōpū e ōrite te maha tūturu o hurihurihanga o te huru i homai. Ko te raruraru o te whakatau i nga wā o ngā rōpū typological ngā mā te tohatoha taua rohe ine ki nei e huri analyte tītohunga te kounga ngā, whiwhi āhuatanga hou.

I roto i te rōpū typological o te maha o ngā rōpū i whakaritea e te maha o ngā momo pāpori-ōhanga e wātea ana. E pā ana ratou ki te hanganga, hanganga, ngā āhuatanga rerekētanga kia taratahi moiety hanganga. Hei tauira, kawea te rōpū i roto i runga i tohu o ngā kaimahi katoa o te whare putunga.

Ko te uara o te rōpū tauanga

Ko te mahi o te rōpū tatauranga he rangahau me te tāutu o ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā tohu takitahi taupori tauanga. Hei whakaoti i te raruraru taua ngohi te rōpū kikokiko. tukua ratou ki a koe te tautuhi i interdependencies me te whanaungatanga i waenganui i nga āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga, me ari tātarihia. Kua wehea tohu katoa i roto i te tatauranga ki ngā momo hua, me te tauwehe. ngā te mua te hunga e huri i raro i te mana o ngā taurangi tauwehe. A titau ratou i te pānga o te āhuatanga pai huringa.

He mahi nui i roto i te tukanga o te hanga rōpū tātari ko te kōwhiringa o te tau o ngā rōpū, e taea te pakaru iho ki te huinga o wae i raro i kitea ako me te whakaaro o ratou rohe whakaaetia.

Ko te ako o te tītohu ōhanga me te pāpori matatini whai wāhi te whakamahi o te rōpū ngā. Me ratou ki te tautuhi i te maha rawaka o ngā kitenga, anake i roto i tenei take, ko te reira taea ki te hanga i te hua pono.

I roto i te tikanga ki te kitea ngā i roto i te whakamahi wāhi tātarihia whakarōpūtanga multidimensional. Tei runga i te mōhiohio ka whakamahia, i reira ko nga kāwai tauanga e whai ake nei:

• tuatahi, i hanga i runga i te pūtake o te kōrero tuatahi i whiwhi i roto i rangahau tauanga;
• Tuarua, e ko te hua o te ariā arai ranei ngā rōpū.

rerekē o te hanga

I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te kāwai tauanga, te tiki i te āhuatanga ngā. Na ka whiriwhiri i te maha o ngā rōpū, te whakawhanake i he fakakātoa 'o ratou, ka whakatika i ona rohe. Ia rōpū ngā tāutu i tohu motuhake ratou moni ranei, kia e taea tino ratou tohu i te rōpū ako. Ko makona te kōwhiringa o te āhuatanga taua take matatini, me te nui i roto i te ako tauanga. Ko pānga ki te rärangi o ngā waeine i roto i te rōpū motuhake. ki te hanga i te whakatau i muri i te otinga o te tātaritanga, he mea tika ti'aturi i runga i te āhuatanga whakarōpū.

mutunga

rangahau tauanga whakaaro nui, me te pūnahanaha ngā, tukipūtanga, whakatau. He mea tika ki te whakahaere i tētahi tātaritanga āmiki tuatahi o te ngako ōhanga o te whakahaere, a anake i runga i te kaupapa o te kitenga, me te hua titiro hoki ki ngā huarahi whakatau i te raruraru i tāutuhia ai.

Homai te matatini o te āhuatanga e kua whakawhanakehia nei i runga i te mākete kāinga, rangahau tatauranga me te tātari whiwhi auraa motuhake, me te hāngaitanga. Ki te whakahaere i ngā tātaitanga āmiki me te pūnahanaha o statisticians hou whakamahi tikanga motuhake.

Hei tauira, mā te faatea rōpū o te taupori ūnga mo te huru ngā, ka taea e te hanga i te tono he mutunga e pā ana ki te tika o te mahi te kamupene o, tona pānga me te whai huatanga. Na roto i te rangahau tauanga e taea whiwhi mōhiohio i runga i nga tawhā katoa o te ahanoa te ako. pā āhuatanga tauwehe nga āhuatanga o te ahanoa, e tika ana ki e taea te whiwhi ratou i te wā tuatahi whakatau tino.

He wāhanga nui o te rangahau tauanga ko te whakahaere pūnahanaha o te raraunga pūtake, i whiwhi nei rite te kitea. Mataotao whai wāhi i roto i te tukatuka riro i te hinonga o nga hua, kawea atu whakatau, whakarato mōhiohio rite ki o ratou mana toroa, me nga mana.

Whakarāpopototanga e mahi Kaitatau, ko te huinga o ngā tukanga e taea te whakamahi ki te whakahiato i te āhuatanga takitahi o te tītohunga e tātarihia ki te whakatau i te āhuatanga o te kaupapa ranei pā ari te tauira whanaketanga mā te whakamahi i te tohu tauanga.

I mua te hanga pūrongo whakamutunga, statisticians whakamana te mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana ki a ratou. Hei tauira, i runga i ngā mōhiohio tukua e nga upoko o nga whare mātauranga, hanga kura whakatauranga mana. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakanui i te hua i pono, e kore horoi anake whakamahi mō te hanga kōrero i te tumuaki o nga papa, engari ano hoki whakarāpopoto i te rangahau e patua ana ki ngā mātua, alumni, ngā ākonga. rangahau e rite whakahaeretia i roto i te mara o te rongoa, ki te whakaatu i te whai huatanga me te kounga o te ratonga tūmatanui, tautuhi i te taumata o te whakarato o ngā ratonga hauora ki tangata. Aita i maoro a'e, e whakamahia whakarāpopototanga tauanga i roto i ngā mara. I tua atu ki te tātari i te tōtika o hinonga nui, kawea atu he ako rite i roto i te ao pāpori, ki te whakatau i nga kamupene pai me whakahaere.