Fluorescence Microscopy: te mau parau tumu o te tikanga

Absorption me anō-paheke o atu fluids pararopi, me te organic marama ko te hua o te hīnātore fluorescence ranei. Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te ari ko te roanga o te wā i waenganui i absorption me te paheke o te rere marama. A, no te puta te fluorescence o enei tukanga tata te wā kotahi, i te hīnātore - ki etahi roa.

mōhiohio hītori

I roto i te 1852, kaiputaiao Ingarangi Stokes, tuatahi whakaahuatia fluorescence. whakaurua e ia he wā hou rite ki te hua o te ngā i te fluorspar, e emit marama whero i raro i te marama hihi katinga. Stokes tuhia he āhuatanga ngā. Kei te kitea te reira e te mea nui atu te rere o te marama excitation te roangaru o te radiation antibody tonu.

Hei whakaū i te whakapae i roto i te rau tau 19 i reira kua maha ngā. whakakitea ratou e te whānuitanga o tauira fluoresce raro i te mana o te marama katinga. I roto i te rauemi, i roto i era atu mea, kua tioata, resins, kohuke, chlorophyll, taero masivesivá, pūhui pararopi, huaora, hinu. Ko te whakamahi tika o waikano mō whakamātautau koiora anga anake i roto i te 1930

Fluorescence Microscopy: whakaahuatanga

faaite etahi o nga rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o nga akoranga rau tau 20 pū tiketike. стал важнейшим инструментом и в биомедицинских, и в биологических исследованиях. Ngā mihi ki te mahi, e kore nei e taea te tutuki i te rerekē ngā tikanga, kua meinga te tikanga o te fluorescence Microscopy te taputapu faufaa i roto i te rangahau biomedical, me te koiora. Rite i whiwhi hua nui, a mo rauemi.

? He aha painga e te tikanga o te fluorescence Microscopy? Mā te rauemi hou hei kua taea me te kōwhiringa o te pūtau tino motuhake wāhanga submicroscopic. Ka taea e Fluorescence Microscopy kitea rāpoi kotahi. He momo o waikano tukua te tāututanga o ngā tūemi maha i kotahi. Ahakoa te iti taumira mokowā o te rohe ttara o te taputapu, i, i roto i te tahuri, tei runga i te āhuatanga motuhake o te tauira, he tino taea hoki te tāutu o ngā rāpoi ngota i raro tenei taumata. Various tauira i muri i whakaatu irradiation autofluorescence. Kei te whānui whakamahia tenei āhuatanga i roto i te petrology, huaota, te ahumahi Semiconductor.

āhuatanga

A tuatapapa i te kopa kararehe tukumate ranei maha uaua ranei ngoikore rawa rawa kaha ranei autofluorescence unspecific. Heoi, ko te uara i roto i ngā akoranga riro whakataki ki te wāhanga rauemi hiamo i te roangaru motuhake, me te emitting te kaha rere te marama e tika ana. Fluorochromes hei waikano taea o takitahi piri ki hanganga (kitea e kitea ranei). Ko te kupu i ratou i te selectivity tiketike ki te ūnga, me te tukua aronui.

стала широко применяться с появлением естественных и синтетических красителей. Fluorescence Microscopy kua whānui whakamahia mai i te taeraa mai o ngā waikano māori me te waihanga. nohoia ratou etahi kōtaha kaha o te tukunga me te excitation me ngā ki ngā taumata koiora motuhake.

Identification o ngā rāpoi ngota takitahi

E mea pinepine, i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai, ka taea e koe te rēhita i te tīrama huānga motuhake. Hoki tenei, i roto i era atu mea, he mea e tika ana ki te whakarato i te haruru feunga iti o te pūoko me te papamuri whatu. rāpoi ngota Fluorescein ki te kore e tika ki photobleaching taea emit ake ki 300 mano. pūaho. I 20% tōtika kohinga o te tukanga me te taea rēhita ratou i roto i te nui o e pā ana ki 60 mano.

, основанная на лавинных фотодиодах или электронном умножении, позволяла исследователям наблюдать поведение отдельных молекул на протяжении секунд, а в ряде случаев и минут. Fluorescence Microscopy i runga i photodiodes horonga whakareatanga hiko ranei, tukua nga kairangahau ki te mau i te whanonga o ngā rāpoi ngota takitahi i roto i te tuarua, me i roto i ētahi wā noa meneti.

matatini

He take matua i roto i manakohia o te pehanga o te papamuri haruru whatu. Nā ki te meka e tokomaha o te rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hoahoa o whiriwhiringa me ngā arotahi whakaatu etahi autofluorescence, i hāngai te mau tautooraa o pūtaiao i roto i te tīmatanga o te wāhanga ki te hanga o wāhanga he fluorescence iti. Heoi, kua arahina ngā muri ki fakamulituku hou. , основанная на полном внутреннем отражении, позволяет достичь низкого фона и высокоинтенсивного возбуждающего светового потока. I roto i ngā, i kitea ai e fluorescence Microscopy, e hāngai ana i runga i whakaata ā-katoa, taea ana e ia ki te whakatutuki i te papamuri iti me te excitation marama kaha nui.

tikanga

, основанной на полном внутреннем отражении, заключаются в использовании быстрозатухающей или нераспространяющейся волны. Ko te mau parau tumu o te fluorescence Microscopy, e hāngai ana i runga i whakaata ā-katoa ko te whakamahi o te poipoi galo atu galo atu ranei. puta te reira i te rohe i waenganui i pāpāho ki rerekē kuputohu atatāhapa. I roto i tenei take, i te kurupae marama haere i roto i te poro. He he tawhā taupū hakoko teitei.

Ko te poro pātata ki te wairewa karaihe ranei ki tawhā iti. Ki te he kurupae o te marama whakahaua ki reira i te koki e, ko te atu tino, e rawa kitea te kurupae i te atanga. Tenei āhuatanga, i roto i te tahuri, ai ngaru nonpropagating. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te mara hiko i hanga nei ô i ki te reo ki te raro tawhā taupū hakoko ki te tawhiti iti iho i te 200 nanometers.

Ko te ngaru galo kaha o te marama e kia rawaka ki te whakaongaonga i fluorophores. Heoi, no te mea o tona hohonu tino iti, ka kia iti rawa tona rōrahi. Ko te hua ko te papamuri taumata-iti.

whakarerekētanga

hāngai Fluorescence Microscopy te i runga i whakaata ā-katoa, e taea te whakatinana ki Epi-māramatanga. Me whiwhi tēnei arotahi ki piata tau tiketike (i te iti rawa 1.4, engari ko reira e minaminatia e tae te reira 1.45-1.6), a wāhanga rauhanga a taputapu mara. tutuki ana te whakamutunga e ki te rahi wahi iti. Hoki taurite nui te whakamahi i te mowhiti kikokore, āraia nei e te wahi o te awa. Hoki te tino koki, i muri nei i reira ko te whakaata katoa, e hiahia ana matou he taumata tiketike o te ata tāhapa o te reo rumaki i roto i te arotahi me te uhi karaihe o te karu.