He aha te mea he Semiconductor? Semiconductor resistance

He aha te mea he rauemi Semiconductor? He aha e ona āhuatanga? He aha te mea te ahupūngao o Semiconductors? Ka rite ki ratou e hanga? He aha te mea te kawe ia o Semiconductors? He aha e nga huanga tinana riro ratou?

He aha te mea ka karanga Semiconductors?

E pā ana te reira ki te tioata ngā rauemi e kore e e whakahaere hiko kia pai, kia rite ki te mahi konganuku. Otiia he pai atu he insulators tenei ahua. E tika ana ki te maha o kawe pūkoro enei āhuatanga. Ki te whakaaro tatou, i roto i te whānui, i reira te vai he kaha tāpiritanga ki te karihi. Heoi, ka whakahaere i roto i te kaiwhakahaere e rave rahi ngota, hei tauira, te kakano, e kua he te taikaha o ngā irahiko, ka te papaki tenei tūranga. A, no te whakamahi i indium rite huānga ki te tiaki pai. Kei te whānui enei āhuatanga katoa whakamahia i roto i transistors - whakaaro motuhake, e kia whakarei, poraka tika he nāianei i roto i te ahunga kotahi anake ranei. Ki te whakaaro tatou i te huānga NPN-momo, e taea te kite i te reira tino haapuai te tūranga i te mea tino nui i roto i te tuku o tohu ngoikore.

āhuatanga hoahoa e whai electrically āhua-conductors

Conductors i te rota o irahiko free. Insulators i ratou whakauaua te tango. Kei roto Semiconductors a hoki he nui etahi o irahiko noa, me te haere ki te tiaki pai, i te hunga rite ki te farii i te matūriki tukua. Na tino nui - kawea ratou katoa he nāianei hiko. Whakaaro i mua transistor NPN-momo - e kore e taea huānga Semiconductor kotahi. Heoi, i reira e atu PnP-transistors me te p.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te poto whakamutunga, ko reira he huānga e taea tuku tohu i roto i te ahunga kotahi anake. Ano, Ka taea e te ngōhiko te tahuri AC ki DC. He aha te mea te huarahi o tenei tauiraa? A he aha neke te reira i roto i te ahunga kotahi anake? Ahakoa o te wahi i reira ko te nāianei, irahiko me ngā āputa kia ranei titaria, haere atu ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi e tika ana ki te haukotia te supply kai tawhiti nui haere, a na reira kua tuku kawe ngaohiko kino i roto i te kotahi anake aronga, i.e. he unilateral te kawe ia o Semiconductors. I muri i te katoa, ka taea te tuku i te nāianei anake, ki te he tata e te matūriki. Na ko te taea tenei anake, ki te te supply o nāianei i runga i te ringa kotahi. Ko enei nga momo o Semiconductors tīariari me e whakamahia i te kau.

hanganga pēne

āhuatanga Electrical me optical o te whakahiko e pā ana ki te meka e, ka whakakī i te taumata pūngao o ngā irahiko e wehea i te āhua ka taea o te bandgap. He aha e ona āhuatanga? Ko te take i reira he kahore taumata bandgap pūngao. Ki te poke me hē hanganga e taea te huri i te reira. huaina Higher ropu tonu te honohono,. Aru e te taumira, engari kau. Kei te karanga a te reira i te ropu kawenga. Physics o Semiconductors - he kaupapa rawa ngā, me i te anga o te tuhinga kei te pai taupokina ai a reira.

āhua o te irahiko

whakamahi te reira i ngā ariā pērā i te maha o te whitiki whakaaetia me te Manatü-whakauka. takoto ana te hanganga e te purara tuatahi. ta ia e ki runga reira ka pā te fakafalala pūngao o te quasimomentum. Ko te kupu, ki te te tino tonu e irahiko (e kawe te tiaki i roto i te Semiconductor) te pēne honohono, mea tatou e reira he kahore excitations timatanga. Ki te hoki etahi take, e kore e nga matūriki, te auraa e te vai nei te he quasiparticle pai whakatupato - haere rua ranei. Ko ratou nga kawe tiaki i roto i Semiconductors i roto i te pēne honohono.

rohe heke

Te pēne honohono, i roto i te pēne angamaheni he heke te sixfold. Kei te hāunga tenei te pāhekoheko whatu-āmionga me anake ka te torohaki karaihe ko te kore. Ka taea te piri te reira i raro i te huru taua mo te ropu heke matua rite me utu. huaina te mokowā pūngao i waenganui ia ratou ko te pūngao o te wāwāhi whatu-ohuraa.

Poke me hapanga i roto i Semiconductors

Ka taea e waiho ratou electrically tautauā mātātoa ranei. Mā te whakamahi i te tuatahi ka taea ki a koe te tiki i roto i Semiconductors tiaki pai kino ranei, e taea te wāhikē e te putanga o te poka i te pēne honohono ranei he irahiko i roto i te pēne kawenga. He kūpapa poke hohekore, a to ratou iti ngā mana i runga i te āhuatanga hiko. Ano, Ka taea e maha e te reira o te faufaa ko te honohono, o e whai ngota e tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te tukanga whakawhiti tiaki, me te hanganga o te wini whakakahokaho karaihe.

Tei runga i te momo, me te nui o poke kia huri me te ōwehenga i waenganui i te maha o nga rua me ngā irahiko. Na reira, kia tonu kia āta tīpakohia rauemi Semiconductor ki te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana. mua tenei e te maha nui o tātaitanga, a muri nga ngā. Matūriki e tino huaina kawe nuinga, he iti.

introduction dosed o poke ki te pūrere Semiconductor taea ki te whiwhi i te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana. kia hoki hē i roto i Semiconductors kia huru hiko tautauā kaha ranei. Nui i konei ko te raruraru, ngota interstitial me te tūranga. conductors wai, me te noncrystalline ariu poke rerekē atu i tioata. Ko te kore o te hanganga mārō pae hopea hua i roto i te mea oho te ngota riro te honohono, rerekē. ka waiho te reira i rerekē i te tetahi ki i ko reira tuatahi imbues ratou hononga. riro pai ngota ki te hoatu tāpiri te irahiko ranei. I roto i te take i taua, riro te reira hohekore me, reira, nga Semiconductors poke i tūponotanga nui o te kore. arata'i tenei ki te meka i he e taea ki te huri i te momo kawe ia i roto i doping me ki te waihanga, hei tauira, p-n-komititanga.

Ka taea e ētahi Semiconductors amorphous huri ratou āhuatanga hiko i raro i te mana o te doping. Ko akono reira ratou ki te whānuitanga nui iti atu i ki tioata. Tūtohutanga ki doping āhuatanga amorphous taea te whakapai ake mā te tukatuka. I te pae hopea, kia whakahuatia ai e tika ana ki te Semiconductors poke mahi roa, me te pakeke ahakoa he hakari he maha o ngā āhuatanga ki te hua pai.

Tatauranga o ngā irahiko i roto i te Semiconductor

A, no te reira te mea he taurite thermodynamic, whakaritea te maha o nga rua me ngā irahiko e anake e te pāmahana o te tawhā hanganga taua ope, me te kukū o poke kaha electrically. A, no te tatau te ōwehenga e, kua whakapono reira e etahi o nga matūriki ka waiho i roto i te pēne āriponga (i roto i te acceptor kaituku ranei te taumata). Kei te tangohia ano hoki ki te pūkete te meka e taea te wahi waiho te rohe o te honohono,, me reira e hanga e āputa.

kawe ia

I roto i te Semiconductors, haunga irahiko rite kawe tiaki e taea te mahi i me katote. Ko ratou kawe ia hiko i roto i te nuinga o te wā iti. Ka taea e te superprovodniki katote anake meinga he okotahi. Ko te Semiconductors e toru matua tikanga whakawhiti irahiko:

1. Ko te rohe matua. I roto i tenei take, nga irahiko i roto i te nekehanga e tika ana ki te huringa o tona pūngao i roto i te wāhi e whakaaetia.
2. Mokowhiti waka o āhua paetata.
3. Polaron.

exciton

Ko te kohao me te irahiko e hanga i te āhua here. Kei te karanga a te reira i Wannier-Mott. I roto i tenei take i te pūngao pūaho, e hāngai ana ki te mata absorption taka i runga i te nui o te taumira hononga. Ki te rawaka kaha o te marama i roto i Semiconductors taea te hanga i te nui nui o excitons. Ki te hua i roto i to ratou kukū whakawhāiti me te puka irahiko-rua wai.

Ko te mata o te Semiconductor

Enei kupu tohu maha ngā paparanga ngota, e kua kei tata te rohe o te pūrere. āhuatanga Mata rerekē i te nuinga. Ko te aroaro o enei paparanga wawahi te hangarite paneke o te karaihe. arata'i tenei ki te āhua mata pera-ka karanga me polaritons. Whakawhanake i te kaupapa o te muri, kia waiho atu ki te korero me te e pā ana ki te miro, me te ngaru vibrational. No te mea o tona mahi matū huna apa mata mōkitokito waho o ngā rāpoi ngota ranei ngota e kua adsorbed i te taiao. Ratou whakatau hoki nga āhuatanga o te torutoru paparanga ngota. Aua'e, te hanganga o te hangarau mārua ultra-tiketike, i roto i nei he wāhanga Semiconductor, taea ki te whiwhi me te mau tonu mō te hāora, mata ma, e pai pānga te kounga o te hua.

Semiconductor. Temperature pānga te parenga

A, no te te pāmahana o te piki whakarewa, a ka whakanuia ana ratou resistance. Ki te Semiconductors, he pono te ritenga atu - i raro i te taua tikanga, tenei kōwhiringa ka whakaiti ratou. Ko te wāhi i konei ko e te kawe ia hiko i roto i tetahi rauemi (me tenei āhuatanga inversely hautanga ki te ātete), tei runga i ranei he te tiaki kawe nāianei, i runga i te tere o te kaupapa i roto i te mara hiko, me o ratou tau i roto i te rōrahi wae o te rauemi.

Ko te huānga Semiconductor whakanuia ana rite te pāmahana whakanuia ana te kukū o matūriki, reira te whakanui ake i te kawe ia ngāwhā me heke te ātete. Ka taea e te tirotiro koe i tenei i roto i te aroaro o te ahupūngao ohie huinga taitamariki me te rauemi e tika ana - silicon ranei germanium, ano e taea te tangohia ka hanga o te Semiconductor ratou. He hua i roto i te pāmahana ka whakaiti ratou resistance. Hei manatoko i tēnei, e hiahia ana koe ki te ake i runga i nga mea whakatangi whanganga e ka kite i nga huringa katoa. Ko te tikanga tenei te take. Kia titiro a ki o taatou motuhake te tokorua.

Resistance me te ionization hiko

he tika ki te poka o irahiko haere i roto i te arai rawa kuiti e whakarato ana āhua kotahi rau o micrometer tenei. Kei te takoto te reira i waenganui i nga taha o te here pūngao. Ko taea anake tona ahua, ka piko here pūngao, e puta anake i raro i te mana o te mara kaha hiko. Kia puta poka (e ko te pānga aunoa aronui), te irahiko tika i roto i te mea kuiti te arai pea, a kore reira e taui i to ratou pūngao. e faatupu tenei he hua i roto i te kukū o kawe tiaki, a i roto i ngā rohe e rua: ko te kawenga, me te honohono,. Ki te te tukanga ko ki te whakawhanake i te ionization hiko, i reira ka taea e kia he rärangi o te kauhanga Semiconductor. I roto i tenei tukanga ka huri i te reira i te ātete o te Semiconductor. Ko reira reversible, a te taenga atu ano te mara hiko tahuri te atu, kua whakahokia nga tukanga katoa.

Resistance me te pānga ionization

I roto i tenei take, kua nohonga nga rua me nga irahiko noa whakamatauria ara noa i raro i te mana o te mara kaha hiko ki te uara e whai wāhi ana ki te ionization o nga ngota me te whaturama o tetahi o nga here kotuari (tuatahi poke ngota ranei). puta Pānga ionization rite te horonga, ka horonga reira kawe tiaki tini. Ko te kupu te rua hou hanga me ngā irahiko whakatere e te nāianei hiko. whakanuia te uara o nāianei i roto i te hua whakamutunga e te whakarea o te pānga ionization, e ko te maha o takirua irahiko-rua e kua hanga e runga tetahi o te ara wāhanga tiaki kawe. Ko te whanaketanga o tenei tukanga iku arata'i ki Semiconductor horonga raru. Kei te huri te ātete o Semiconductors ano, engari, ka rite ki i roto i te take o te kauhanga raro rärangi, reversible.

Ko te whakamahi o Semiconductors i roto i te mahi

Me kï te faufaa ngā o enei āhuatanga i roto i te hangarau rorohiko. Tata kore feaa e kore e waiho e koe hiahia i roto i te pātai o te mea ko te Semiconductors, ki te kahore te hiahia ki te whakaara takitahi te kaupapa me ratou whakamahi. E kore e taea ki te whakaaro i te mahi o refrigerators hou, huinga pouaka whakaata, te aroturuki i rorohiko, kahore Semiconductors. e kore e taea te mahi i waho a ratou, a matatau engineering automotive. Kei te whakamahia hoki ratou i roto i te hangarau rererangi me te wāhi. Matau he aha Semiconductors e, te faufaa e ratou? O te akoranga, e kore e taea e tatou e te mea e ko te reira anake te āhuatanga faufaa o to tatou ao, engari haafaufaa ore ano hoki e kore te mea ratou utu.

Ko te whakamahi o Semiconductors i mahi, e tika ana ki atu me te maha o ngā āhuatanga, i roto ia ratou te whānui o te rauemi e hanga i ai e ratou, me te noho pai o te tukatuka, me te ki te whiwhi i te hua e hiahiatia ana, me ētahi atu āhuatanga hangarau e hanga te pai rawa o nga pūtaiao e mahi i runga i te taputapu hiko, mutu ratou.

mutunga

Kua uiui e matou i roto i te taipitopito aha Semiconductors, pehea mahi ratou. whakatakotoria te pūtake o ratou resistance tukanga tinana, me te matū matatini. A ka taea e koe kite e kore e hoatu e te meka e whakaahuatia i roto i te Tuhinga mahino kakato e taua Semiconductors, mo te take ohie e kore kua ara ako pūtaiao i te peculiarities o ratou mahi ki te mutunga. Otira e matau ana tatou ratou āhuatanga taketake me ngā āhuatanga, e tukua ki a tatou hoatu ratou ki mahi. Na reira, ka taea e koe te rapu rauemi me Semiconductors ki te whakamātau ki a ratou, he tupato. Ko wai e matau ana, pea i roto i moe koe kairangahau nui?!