Ontogenesis - he hinengaro e ko

Ko te tukanga tautuhi huringa ngā ontogeny i roto i te rauropi i raro ki taumata teitei o ngā mahi faufaa. He he he tino hanganga, me te mahi o te takitahi.

rangahau ontogeny whakahaeretia i roto i te maha o ngā pekanga pūtaiao. Hei tauira, ontogeny morphophysiological (hanganga o te tinana), ko te ahanoa o ako o te koiora. I roto i te tahuri, ako ontogeny hinengaro, me te pāpori i roto i mara rerekē o te hinengaro (psychogenetics, tau, me te hinengaro tamaiti, pāpori me te hinengaro mātauranga).

Ko te ariā o te phylogeny me ontogeny

Ko te wā "phylogeny" (Kariki:. "Phyle" - "momo, puninga, iwi" me te "genos" - "take") whakamahia te ki rawea, te tukanga o te ahua me te whanaketanga o mua o nga momo. I roto i te pūtaiao hinengaro ko te whanaketanga o te konä o kararehe i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga, me te whanaketanga o nga momo o mahara tangata.

Ētahi atu faufaa ngā ko te ariā o "ontogeny". Tenei (i roto i te hinengaro) i te whanaketanga o te konä takitahi. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki te āhua tūturu o te whanaketanga - i whanau ki te kau o tona mate. tono nga ariā o te phylogeny me ontogeny o pūtaiao hinengaro i koiora, ratou kaituhi ko te kaikoiora Tiamana Ernst Haeckel.

ture biogenetic

I runga i te pūtake o enei ariā, tahi ki F. Müller, whakatakoto Haeckel te ture biogenetic (1866). E ai ki reira, ia takitahi i roto i te whanaketanga takitahi (ontogeny) haere poto nga wāhanga katoa o ia ahua (phylogeny).

I muri, te ture biogenetic i tino whakahē e te hapori pūtaiao. Hei tauira, rite te Kaunihera counter-Scientific o te pūwāhi University o Jena ki te meka e reira he kahore hiku me te pihapiha Kosi embryonic tangata. Ahakoa te tautoko o te ture biogenetic e Charles Darwin (whakaaturia tona tohu matua o tona ariā o te kukuwhatanga), whakaaro te whakaaro i te taha o te Kaunihera Scientific rite Mäori, me tona kaituhi - te whakapanga o te tinihanga pūtaiao.

Otiia, ko te ture biogenetic, a i roto i te meka te whakaaro o te recapitulation (Latin:. "Recapitalatio" - "poto, tāruarua poto o te tuatahi o mua") i te mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao koiora, tae atu ki - mo te whanaketanga o ngā whakaaro kunenga. i tōna mana ture biogenetic kua runga i te whanaketanga o te hinengaro. Ko te ontogeny o te konä takitahi e kore e taea e te tākaro i te tūranga o te wheako o whakatupuranga o mua.

Ko te raruraru o nga ope peia o te whanaketanga hinengaro

Wehea raruraru hinengaro mahu'inga ko te pātai o te mea ngā āhuatanga e ārahi ki te whanaketanga o te hinengaro, whakatau tona ontogeny. takoto ana tēnei hinengaro e te ariā o te ope peia o te whanaketanga hinengaro. E rua ngā huarahi matua ki te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru - biogenetic (tūturu) me sotsiogenetichesky (tūmatanui).

Kua arotahi Supporters o te wāhi tuatahi i runga i ngā āhuatanga ira (whakapapa), whakaaro reira he kamupene ārahi i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga takitahi o te hinengaro. Nä, ko te tūranga o pāpori mōkito āhuatanga te. I roto i te māngai tino nui o te huarahi biogenetic - Descartes, F-F. Rousseau, Spencer, S. Hall, D. Baldwin.

Te ritenga, huarahi sotsiogenetichesky rite nga ope peia o te whanaketanga hinengaro motuhia atu te take pāpori - te tūranga o te taiao pāpori. Te tangata ko te kupu, mahi rite he hua waho (autaki) mana. I waihotia te uara o kaiwhakahau whakapapa o te takitahi o tenei huarahi. Māngai -. J. Locke, E. Durkheim, P. Janet.

E rua-tauwehe ariā o ontogenesis o te konä

Hoki, whakamātau ki te whakakotahi i riro āhuatanga e rua - he tuku, me te pāpori - ki te whakamārama i te pū o ngā ariā hinengaro "ontogeny". Tenei hua i roto i te ahunga toru i roto i te hinengaro - te ariā o ngā āhuatanga e rua. Ko te kairangahau tuatahi ki Stern, nana i waihanga te parau tumu o te pūtahitanga o ngā āhuatanga e rua. E ai ki tenei parau tumu, e pūtahi ana te rārangi tuku ki te raina, e tika ana ki tona taiao pāpori i roto i te whanaketanga o te tangata (i reira ko te tütakitanga).

Nä, kawea te ontogeny o hinengaro tangata i roto i roto i te tukanga o te whakakotahitanga i te tikanga roto, o waho o te mahi hinengaro. Hei tauira, ka whakatau te parapara tumu o te kēmu pehea a ka ka takaro i te tamaiti. I roto i te tahuri, ka nga tikanga rauemi me tukanga kia whakaritea e te taiao tūturu.

I tika tikanga motuhake ki te tautuhi i te pau o te hononga o ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te ā e whakatau i te ontogeny. I roto i te hinengaro whakawhanaketanga ko te tikanga māhanga.

taipitopito nui

hāngai ana tikanga Twin i runga i te tātaritanga whakatairite o te whanaketanga hinengaro o mahanga ki Pālesi, me te dizygotic. Ko te pānga i e, ki te ko te mahanga dizygotic (DZ - rerekē whakapapa) te whakawhanake i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē, reira, te take iranga i roto i ngā āhuatanga pāpori rite he mahu'inga. Ki te he āhua te whanaketanga i te taumata kotahi o te kounga, te nuinga te kaimahi te take pāpori. Ki te mahanga monozygotic (MH - ōrite whakapapa) he rite te āhuatanga. I muri i te tau whakarea me ngā rerekētanga DZ- MZ mahanga e noho ana i roto i te rerekē / ngā āhuatanga ōrite e whakaritea. Kei te whānui whakamahia Twin tikanga i roto i psychogenetics.

Ko te kupu, ko te hinengaro o te whanaketanga tuakiri i roto i ontogenesis, rite ki te ariā o te pūtahitanga, peia e rua tuaka:

• huānga X whakapapa.
• I roto i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao.

Hei tauira, te Ingarangi kaimātai hinengaro Eysenck maramarama pai-mohiotia whakaaro rite te pärönaki o te taiao i te 80%, me te roto (tuku) - 20 anake%.

whakaaro te ngoikoretanga o te ariā e rua-take o te whanaketanga tuakiri te ki kia ona whāititanga hua i te tua o te Nu aunoa me tohu pāpori. I roto i te tahuri, ontogenesis - he (i roto i te hinengaro) i te tukanga atu uaua, e kore e taea te heke anake ki te tātai pāngarau. He mea nui ki te whakaaro e kore anake ratou ōwehenga ine, engari ano hoki nga āhuatanga kounga. I tua atu, he tonu he tauira taua ruma mō ngā rerekētanga takitahi.

huarahi Psychoanalytic ki te ariā o "ontogeny" i roto i te hinengaro

He aha te mea te reira - ontogeny - i te hi'oraa o te psychoanalysis? Ki te i roto i te ariā o mua i kite matou i te pūtahitanga (pūtahitanga) o nga toki o ngā āhuatanga tuku, me te pāpori, te ariā o Sigmund Freud, te tukanga whakamuri. E whakaaro ēnei āhuatanga i te mata o te aroraa, te puna o te mea he ōritengakore tūturu o wawata, wahi parapara o te tuakiri ( "id", "te reira" - te mauri) me pāpori ( "superego", "superego" - te hinengaro, tikanga morare).

A, no te peia te takitahi e ponana huna me hiahia, ko reira he faaiteraa o tona taiao, hanganga mauri. E ngana ana ki te whakahaere i nga kōrero o te wawata, makanga atu o ratou, te whakatau he, whakamātau ki te pana i a ratou i te mahara - ko te mahi o te wāhanga pāpori o tuakiri (pūnaha internalized o uara, tikanga me ngā ture o te mahi, i hanga i raro i te mana o te taiao pāpori o te takitahi).

Tenei ariā kua hoki kua whakahē e te hapori pūtaiao, rawa hoki te rerekē koi i waenganui i nga wāhanga koiora me te pāpori o te tuakiri tangata.

ariā tātari KG tamaiti

E hoki ki te whakaaro o te recapitulation (ture biogenetic), kua uiui e matou i runga, kia tuhia te reira ritenga i roto i te Psychology tātaritanga o te kaimātai hinengaro Swiss CG Jung. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te ariā o te mauri ngā. Just rite Ernst Haeckel kite i roto i te recapitulation ontogeny o phylogeny, kite Jung te takitahi rite te kaimau o wheako o Piripīni o whakatupuranga o mua. whakaaturia ana tēnei whakamātau i roto i te puka CONDENSED i roto i te puka o etahi tauira o perception me tikanga o mooni - archetypes. Ārai i te mua, me o ratou kore o te whai wāhi ki te ao o te mahara he pānga tōraro i runga i te tukanga o ontogenesis, ai te takahi o te toenga hinengaro o te tangata takitahi.

Ontogenesis me ngā mahi

Ko te kupu whakataki o te kāwai o ngā mahi, kia rite ki te hinengaro motu, DB Elkonin taea te tetahi whānuitanga ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o te tohatoha o te āhuatanga tino i roto i ontogenesis o te konä. Ko te tukanga o te whanaketanga - ko, te tuatahi o te katoa, te mahi o te kaupapa e tika ana ki tona mahi lalahi. Ko te āhuatanga tuku, me te pāpori, mahi ratou rite te taiao whanaketanga, engari e kore e rite ki ona tino. e kore ratou meinga te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te hinengaro, engari anake ona rerekētanga i roto i te whānuitanga noa.