Chordates Momo: hanganga me te whanaketanga o te Amphioxus

Whanaketanga o Amphioxus me tona tūranga nahanaha mō te wa roa i noho i te mea ngaro. Na pūtaiao mohio hoki etahi e he māngai o te momo o Chordates whanaketanga autaki tenei.

āhuatanga General o te momo o Chordates

He māngai o enei kararehe katoa - Fish, amphibians, ngokingoki, manu, kararehe te momo o Chordates. He aha tahoê taua kaiao rerekē? Huri i te reira i roto i taua whai ratou katoa he mahere noa o te hanganga.

I te matua o te tinana, ko te kōhiwi axial, e kiia nei ko te chord. I roto i te Amphioxus tonu reira puta noa te ora. Runga ake te rauoro ko te ngongo neural. I roto i kāhuarau te nuinga o nga māngai o te momo e hanga e te reira ua, me te roro. I raro i piro kōhiwi axial āhua te rite te ngongo. Ko te korokoro o te chord he Kosi pihapiha. I roto i te momo e ora i roto i te wai, kei te puritia tenei āhuatanga, i te mea kei āhuatanga anake o te whanaketanga embryonic te whenua.

History o whakahura Amphioxus

whanaketanga aha Amphioxus mo te wa roa meinga he rota o te tautohe me te pātai? Ko te meka ko e mo te wa roa i whakaaro ia he mollusk. Amphioxus (whakaatu whakaahua i raro tona hanganga waho) tino titiro rite enei kararehe. E ia he tino translucent ngohengohe me nohoia te taiao rōwai - i roto i te wai pāpaku o te moana, me ngā moana. Otiia rawa te whakahaere ā-reira taea ki te tautuhi ratou i roto i te wae nahanaha motuhake.

I tua atu, whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa Petra Pallasa me Aleksandra Kovalevskogo i kitea e enei kararehe ko nga tupuna o vertebrates hou. Scientists karanga enei ngā parawae e noho ana. Kei te whakapono te reira e kore lancelet tipu, rite tino taunga ki te taiao, me te ara o te ora i roto i te ngaro o whakataetae.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga waho

Nā ki te āhua o tenei kararehe tinana kua reira he ingoa rerekē - lancelet. E whakaatu ana Photo e te tinana rite te mea hāparapara tawhito whakakoi e te i runga i ngā taha e rua. E kīia ana he Lancet. Tenei faitatau maitai whakaatu nga āhuatanga o te hanganga waho.

tae tinana Amphioxus te roa mōrahi o 8 cm. karapotia te reira i taha, a tohu i te mutunga. I tetahi taha o te tinana puninga wä roa hanga tara - hikumārō me caudal. tanumia Lancelet pito muri o te tinana i roto i te onepu. I runga i te mua he Koinei preoral, karapotia e te kāwai.

Kōhiwi me uaua

Whanaketanga o Amphioxus āhuatanga e te vilitakí o te rauoro puta noa tona ora. I roto i te whenu o reira hora haere te tinana katoa i te mua ki te mutunga muri. I ngā taha e rua o te rauoro e whakaritea i runga i te maha o uaua. Tenei hanganga o te pūnaha toitoi taea Amphioxus neke mangai. contractions Uaua arahi ki piko o te tinana, a na te tikanga o te rauoro ko tona whakatikatikaina.

hanganga ā-

hanga tinana Amphioxus pūnaha whaiaroaro katoa. aroaro kūnatu tuwhera waha, korokoro me paru i roto i-ngongo ki tereraa mau ate, e mahi te mahi o te repe repeure. Na roto momo o te mana Amphioxus he kai tātari heterotrophic. Kei te tata tenei tukanga e pā ana ki manawa, kawea nei i roto i roto i te pihapiha me te mata tinana katoa.

I roto i te kōhao okolozhabernuyu me whekau tuwhera kōwhiringa. E māngai ratou e maha korere takirua - Nephridia. Amphioxus pūnaha circulatory unclosed. Kei a ia ko oko ventral me hikumārō.

huaina Amphioxus whekau whakaputa uri gonads. Tenei repe takirua o te rahinga e taea tae ake ki te 25. Amphioxus he kararehe dioecious. Na reira, whakawhanake ratou ovaries testes ranei. aerodynamics taihemahema, e kore e enei kararehe i. Na reira, tomo pūtau te kōhao i gonads whati okolozhabernuyu taiepa tinana ranei.

Reproduction me te whanaketanga

whekau whakaputa uri o Amphioxus whakarato ratou kikiritanga waho. Kei tohuhema i te wai, wahi coalesce ratou. Ko te uwha takoto ratou hua i muri i te ra i roto i nga wa katoa anake te hotoke. Kei roto ratou pūtau iroriki iti rawa toene hua me te āhuatanga e rahi iti - e pā ana ki 100 microns.

i mua ara te wawahi o te tirotiro hua Amphioxus rerekëtanga ki toru paparanga iroriki: ecto, meso me te kiriroto. I roto i wehenga muri ia o e hanga te pūnaha okana tēnā.

Whanaketanga o Amphioxus homai he whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o tenei tukanga i roto i chordates. Kei reira o te raupapa o ngā tukanga ngā o te kikiritanga, wāhinga, Gastro me neurulation organogeneza.Razmnozhenie Amphioxus, me te ratou whanaketanga atu e āta hono ana ki te wai. O te hua manu wairakau i 4-5 ra whakawhanake torongū. He he rahi ake ki te 5mm me taritari noa i roto i te wai i runga ki te makawe iti maha. pumau te atamira piri e pā ana ki 3 marama. I te po te putanga mai te reira ki te mata wai, a i te piko ra.

Amfioksidy - na reira i huaina torongū nui o Amphioxus, i te mea te āhuatanga o te kararehe ao. Tuatahi, i pohehe ratou mo ngā pakeke. Ko maha rangahau i takoto te tikanga e ora ratou anake i runga i te mata o te wai i roto i te hanganga o te köurarangi. Amfioksidy e taea tae 11 mm, pupuri nga āhuatanga katoa o te hanganga piri. hipoki ratou tinana e ki ngä makawe, tata taramore kāwai-waha okolozhabernaya kōhao me gonads.

Na e tahito chordates moana Amphioxus. no ratou ki te bescherepnyh Momoroto, piha Golovohordovye. Amphioxus āhuatanga e te āhua sedentary, he kararehe dioecious ki kikiritanga waho, me te momo autaki o te whanaketanga.