Ko te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha

kihai i ngā ariā Basic, te mau parau tumu, me ngā o te ōhanga puta ohorere. Ko ratou te hua o te whanaketanga roa o te matauranga pūtaiao, me te tono i te reira i roto i te mahi. Neke atu i te wa, ka reira mārama e te nuinga o ngā uiui tangata taea anake ki te whakarite i te mahi ohaoha me te production. hanga ana e ratou nga tikanga e tika ana.

Ka taea te kitea ngā mōhiohio e pā te nganatanga tuatahi ki te ako i etahi āhuatanga o ngā tukanga pāpori i roto i te mahi o te whakaaro o tahito Roma, Ihipa, Kariki, India ko China. titiro ratou katoa i ngā take e pā ana ki te taonga, moni, hokohoko, taake, ahuwhenua, riko me te rite. Ko te hītori tūturu o te whanaketanga o te ohaoha rite te pūnaha o te matauranga e haamata anake ki rau X VI. Ko e tika ana ki te hou tenei, te āhua whānui o te ōhanga mākete.

Ko te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha, he reira e minaminatia ki te mohio mo te maha ngā take. Tuatahi, ka āwhina i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hanganga o te pūtaiao i roto i wā rerekē o mua, me te i raro i te mana o rerekē ngā ahurea ki te mahino pai te nāianei i runga i to ratou arorau oneone o whakaaro hou, me tona hanganga.

Tuarua, ngā mōhiohio i runga i te āhua o ki te haere i te wāhanga taketake o te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha, te āwhina ki stricter me atu tino te whakawa o kaitōrangapū reira. tangata mōhio taea whakarite ratou ki taua tauākī me te ngā i tangohia e wahi i roto i te mua, a kahore ki te hinga hoki ki runga ki te matau.

A, tuatoru, i ui i nga wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha, tetahi hiahia ka tino kia piri ki te taonga o te ahurea ao. Ko te kupu, ennobles ia te whakaaro, whakawhānui tirohanga kite kakato atu mooni.

Ko te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha anga mai i runga i te iti rawa e rua hīkoi: te absolutist me relativistic. Ko te whakamutunga o ratou whakaaro tetahi tītohunga hītori i roto i te horopaki o ngā take fakalotú, tōrangapū, me te tahi atu motuhake ki taua wā. mai huarahi Absolutist i te meka i whakawhanakehia te ariā e me te ahunga whakamua tonu o te whakapae hape ki te kia pono.

E aparau teie nei tuhinga anake nga ngā wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga o te ariā ohaoha i roto i ngā o te huarahi absolutist relativistic whakauru.

1. Mercantilism. i whakaaro kaiwhakahau o tenei au puna matua o te taonga hokohoko rerekē hōkai. tutuki te haamaitairaa i roto i te haaputuputuraa o te koura, me te hiriwa moni. Māngai o tenei au: T. Mann, A. Montchretien. whakaata ratou ka tiaki i te ngākau nuitanga o te bourgeoisie, e hokona taonga i roto i te wā o te whanaketanga o te hokohoko ke, me te haaputuputuraa o te whakapaipai tuatahi.

2. physiocrats. Rerekē mercantilists anga ratou ki te tūhura i te whānuitanga o te hanga, a kore noa hāngai hōkai rerekē. Tohe Physiocrats e ahuwhenua mahi - ko te tuatahi, te puna pono o te haamaitairaa. i māia e te ahumahi, hokohoko, waka ratou - ko te ao o te mahi huakore e taea ai e koe te taupoki ana i te utu o te oraraa anake. Ko nga hua ratou kahore e kawea tino ki te hapori. Tiritiri nga whakaaro o nga Physiocrats: Nora D., A. Turgot, F. Quesnay, Mirabeau B ..

3. ōhanga tōrangapū Classical. Ahu reira ki te whanaketanga o te te moni. mohio ona kaiwhakatū Ricardo, William Petty, Arama Smith. E arotahi kanohi katoa i runga i te tātaritanga o tītohu ohaoha i roto i te whanaketanga o te ao o te production pāpori. Kua whakaurua kaiwhakatū reira o ohaoha puāwaitanga he taua mea rite te "ariā mahi o te uara." kua kiia ratou he i te pūnaha ahei o whaiaro ture-mākete.

4. Marxism. haere nga kaiwhakatū o tenei au ki runga. Kua tātarihia Marxists pehea ki te whakawhanake i ngā puka o uara i roto i to ratou kanorau, kua whakaekea whakaaro kē i runga i te moni, hua, uri, mōrearea ōhanga , me te reti whenua.