Hanganga me te mahi o nga pūnaha receptor pūoko. Ko te mahi matua o te receptors pūtau

mahi te pūnaha io tangata mātanga tukanga tātari, me te waihanga e whakarato he urutaunga nohopuku o whēkau me ngā pūnaha ki huringa i roto i te taiao o waho, me te ā. Ko te perception o whakaohooho i te taiao, ko te tika ki te hanga, tae atu i te tukanga o neurons afferent, glial-kei roto pūtau oligodendrocytes lemmotsity ranei. tahuri ratou ki akiaki waho ā ranei i roto i ngā tītohunga bioelectric, ka karanga excitation, ranei karere hihiko. E huaina taua hanganga receptors. I roto i tenei tuhinga, tirohia tatou te hanganga me te mahi o receptors o ngā pūnaha rongo tangata.

Ngā momo o mutunga io

I roto i te anatomy, i reira e rave rahi ngā pūnaha o te whakarōpū. Kua wehea nga receptors tino noa ki ohie (ngā o tetahi pihi neuron) me matatini (rōpū o neurocytes ngaahi houalotú, me ngā pūtau glial i roto i te hanganga tino motuhake okana rongo). I runga anō i te hanganga o ngā tukanga tairongo. E wehea ratou ki mutunga neurocyte centripetal tuatahi, me te tuarua. Ko ētahi o ēnei he momo o receptors i te kiri: te nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, baroreceptors, thermoreceptors me tukanga neural e innervate nga whekau. Kei te hanga Tuarua pārōnaki epithelial he pūmanawa mahi i roto i te whakautu ki te faaitoitoraa (receptors reka, rongo, toenga). Ko te rakau me te mahuetanga o te kahu photosensitive o te kanohi - te etine - i roto i te tūranga takawaenga i waenganui i vtorichnochuvstvitelnymi o matua me te karere hopearaa.

hāngai ana tētahi atu pūnaha whakarōpū i runga i tenei rerekētanga, kia rite ki te ahua o te faaitoitoraa. Ki te tae mai ritenga i te taiao, exteroreceptors ka te mohio a reira (pērā i ngā oro, kakara). He whakaongaonga o te āhuatanga taiao ā-tātarihia interoreceptors: visceral, proprioceptors, pūtau makawe vestibular. Ko te kupu, ngā pūnaha pūoko receptor mahi e tika ana ki to ratou hanganga me te wāhi o te wahi i roto i te whekau tikanga.

Ko te ariā o analyzers

I roto i te tikanga ki te rerekëtanga me te wehewehe i waenganui i nga ngā o te taiao o waho, me te urutau ki reira, i roto i te tangata, i reira he hanganga motuhake kikokiko, me te whaiaroaro huaina analyzer, ngā pūnaha pūoko ranei. whakaarohia pūtaiao Russian I. P. Pavlov te kaupapa e whai ake nei mo ratou whare. huaina te tari tuatahi i piringa (receptor). Tuarua - waea, me te tuatoru - te pokapū cortical ranei.

Hei tauira, te pūnaha pūoko ataata ngā pūtau tuaroa tairongo - rakau me te mahuetanga, te faatae te rua me te uho kei roto i te hoki o reira.

Ētahi analyzers, pērā i te māna ataata, me te kua whakahuatia ngā taumata doretseptorny - etahi hanganga kikokiko, te whakapai ake tirohanga o rawaka whakaohooho. Hoki tenei taringa waho, me te waenga māna, ki te pūnaha ataata - i te wahi marama refracting o te kanohi, tae atu i te teatea, whakakatakata wai o te ruma mārōrō, arotahi, te tinana tangiwai. Ka arotahi tatou i runga i te wahi piringa o te analyzer me whakahoki ngā pātai e pā ana ki te mea te mahi o te mau farii ohipa no ki a ia.

Ka rite ki ngā pūtau kite whakaohooho

Ēnei kiriuhi (i roto i te cytosol ranei) he rāpoi motuhake hanga o pūmua, me te pūnaha matatini - glycoproteins. I raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga taiao, enei matū taui i to ratou whirihoranga mokowā rite te tohu ki te pūtau me ope ki te whakautu i te reira tōtika.

Ētahi matū huaina ligands, ka taea e pā te tukanga tairongo o te pūtau, hua i roto i ia reira ngā transmembrane katote. Pūmua plasmalemma he āhuatanga farii, tahi me ngā rāpoi ngota warowaihā (.. Ie receptors) mahi rite annten - kite a te rerekëtanga ligands.

takere ionotropic

Ko tētahi atu momo o receptors pūtau - takere ionotropic kei roto i te membrane, te kaha ki te whakatuwhera i āraia i raro i te mana o te tauira tohu matū vesschestv H-acetylcholine receptors receptor, vasopressin, me taiāki huka ranei.

Na roto i te hanganga farii intracellular ngā āhuatanga tuhi, e herea ki te ligand, a ka tomo ki roto ki te karihi. ona te pūhui i hanga ki te DNA e whakarei tautāwhi i te patohanga o tetahi atu ranei ira ranei. Ko te kupu, ko te mahi matua o te receptors pūtau - te perception o nga tohu taiao me te ture o te tauhohe utu kirihou.

Rakau me te mahuetanga: hanganga me te mahi

Ēnei receptors etine ariu ki akiaki ataata - pūaho, e ai te kūmuri karere i roto i te tukanga excitation. Kei roto ratou uhi motuhake: iodopsin (te mahuetanga) me rhodopsin (tokotoko). Sticks te māngeongeo te marama crepuscular me e kore e taea e ki te wehewehe i waenganui i ngā tae. He kawenga mō te whakakitenga tae te mahuetanga me kua wehea ki e toru ngā momo, ia o nei kei roto i te photopigment motuhake. Ko te kupu, Tei kanohi receptor mahi i runga i te aha te huru o pūmua marama-tairongo, ngā reira. Coli meinga perception ataata i roto i te marama iti, me he kawenga mō te acuity ataata, me te tirohanga tae te mahuetanga.

Hiako - tikanga okana

kūmuri io o neurons ngā i roto i te kiri, rerekē i roto i to ratou hanganga, me te whakautu ki ngā whakaohooho o te taiao: pāmahana, te pēhanga, mata āhua. Mahi receptors kiri - riro, ka whakaahua ke whakaohooho ki ngātere hiko (peia tukanga). Ki te mau farii ohipa pēhanga ngā corpuscles a Meissner, kei roto i te kahu waenganui o te kiri - nga kiri e taea o e ruarua whakaohooho mohio (i te paepae tūtohutanga iti).

E nga baroreceptors he corpuscles Pacinian. E tū ana i roto i te ngako subcutaneous. receptor mahi - te mamae nociceptor - he tiaki ki akiaki pathogenic. I tua atu, kei te whakaritea taua mutunga karere o te kiri i roto i whekau katoa me te whai i te ahua o wana afferent te pekapeka. taea e Thermoreceptors e rua i roto i nga whekau kiri, me te ā-- oko toto o te pūnaha io pokapū. Whakaröpütia ratou rite te wera me te makariri.

Ka taea te nui haere te mahi o enei mau hopearaa tairongo, i runga i te aronga me te tere rānei ki ai nga huringa pāmahana o te mata kiri. Nā tēnei, he whānui nga mahi o nga receptors kiri me whakawhirinaki i runga i to ratou hanganga.

Ko te tikanga o te perception o whakaohooho māna

Exteroreceptors - pūtau makawe, e whai te tūtohutanga tiketike ki rawaka whakaohooho - ngaru oro. E huaina ratou monomodal me he vtorichnochuvstvitelnymi. Kei roto i te okana o Corti o te taringa roto, tomo ana ki te koko.

I runga i te pūrere te okana o Corti he rite ki te hapa. receptors māna tāmau i roto i te perilymph me whai, i te pito o te microvilli o te rōpū. meinga oscillations inu pūtau makawe ritenga, haere ki ari bioelectric - ponana karere, arā rongo receptor mahi - .. ko te tirohanga o tohu ia i te ahua o ngaru oro, me o ratou huringa ki te tukanga excitation.

receptors Whakapā reka

Ia o tatou he hiahia mo te kai, me te inu. tauine hā kai tatou e kite i te tikanga o te okana o reka - te reo. Kei reira e wha momo o mutunga karere paetata e whai ake: ko te matamata o te arero - papillae gustatory te wehe reka, i tona pakiaka - te kawa, kawa me te tote, me te wehewehe receptors taha hoki. Whakaohooho ki ngā momo katoa o mutunga rāpoi ngota receptor he matū microvilli mohio a puku reka, he pūihi.

Taste receptor mahi - Wetewaehere faaitoitoraa matū me te tahuri te reira ki te pini hiko haere mai neurotransmission i reka uho. Me kï reira e e takirua nga nipples ki te hopearaa karere o te analyzer olfactory, kei roto i te mucosa nasal. Ko te pānga ngā o te pūnaha pūoko rua intensifies mouthfeel me te haafaufaa i te tangata.

kai o te kakara

I tua atu i te reka, te pūnaha olfactory pahono ki ratou mutunga karere i runga i te rāpoi ngota o ngā matū rerekē. Ko te tikanga rawa e e mukākā pūhui a Whakaruru, te umanga olfactory, i kore i matau tino. Scientists theorize e taunekeneke rāpoi ngota kïia ki rerekē neurons rongo kakara o te mucosa nasal. Kua hono tahi atu kairangahau whakaongaonga o receptors olfactory e rāpoi kïia e whai rōpū mahi noa (hei tauira, hāparo-tahi phenol ranei) ki matū i roto i te neuron tairongo.

He mahi receptor olfactory i te perception o ritenga, me tona pārōnaki i translation i roto i te tukanga excitation. Tapeke topuku olfactory i te mucosa o te kōhao nasal tae 60 miriona ia o nei te whakaratohia ki te maha nui o ngä makawe, ki te āwhina ake i te wāhi whānui o whakapā i waenganui i te mara receptor o ngā rāpoi ngota ki matū - kakara.

Ko te kūmuri karere o te taputapu vestibular

I roto i te mea te taringa roto te tinana te kawenga mō te ruruku me te ōrite o mahi nekeneke, ki te tinana te pupuri i te āhua o te taurite, me te whai wāhi i roto i te pūpū te takotoranga. He whakaaro o nga awa ruawhetū i huaina poroiwi me anatomically hono ki te okana o Corti. Ko te takere e toru, e mutunga io wheua rumakina i roto i te endolymph. A, no te te honga o te matenga, me te utumu, fluctuates reira, e ai ritenga o te hopearaa karere i te pito.

receptors vestibular Sami - pūtau makawe - ki te whakapā ki te membrane. Kei te tito te reira o tioata pai o te konupūmā pākawa waro - otolith. Fakataha ki endolymph, timata ano ratou ki te neke, e ko he tumu ki te tukanga io. Ko te mahi matua o te awa ruawhetū o te receptor tei runga i tona wāhi: i roto i te peke pahono ia ki mahara, me te whakahaere i te toenga o te matenga, me te tinana i te okiokinga. katia rongo kei roto i ampoules taurite okana nekehanga huringa mana o ngā wāhanga tinana (mahara hihiri).

Ko te tūranga o te receptor i te hanganga o iahiko neural

E te haapiiraa tumu o reflexes, kopikopiko i rangahau o Descartes me ki te āhuatanga taketake I. P. Pavlova me I. M. Sechenova, e hāngai ana i runga i te ariā o te mahi neural rite te whakautu tika o te kaiao ki te rongo ki te whakaohooho taiao o waho, me te ā, kawea atu ki te whai wāhitanga o te io pokapū pūnaha - te roro, me te ua. Ko nga mea katoa te whakahoki, rite ohie rite te turi-takiri, he Rocket pērā i kupu, mahara whakaaro ranei ranei, ko reira te fariiraa hono tuatahi - perception me te whakahāwea o whakaohooho rite ki to ratou kaha, kaha tīwera, kaha.

kawea taua pārōnaki te i roto i ngā pūnaha rongo e huaina I. P. Pavlov "kāwai o te roro." Ia analyzer mahi receptor rite Antennas e kohia ake whakaohooho, me te pūkenga o te taiao: marama oro ranei ngaru, rāpoi o ngā matū, āhuatanga tinana. mahi physiologically noa kahore pūnaha rongo okotahi tei runga i te mahi o te wehenga tuatahi, ka karanga piringa, receptor ranei. Mai ia mai kaore he aweretanga, te pewa pūpū (reflexes).

kaitakawaenga

Tenei taonga kaha biologically, e mahi ana i te whakawhiti o te excitation i tetahi neuron ki tetahi hanganga motuhake - synapses. E huna ana ratou e te axon neurocyte tuatahi, me te mahi rite te whakahihiko, meinga ponana karere ki te mutunga receptor o te pūtau karere i muri. Na reira, kei te tata hono te hanganga me te mahi o neurotransmitters me receptors. Ano, he nehenehe o te tuku i rua, neke atu rānei foaki, hei tauira, te waikawa glutamic me aspartic, Adrenaline ko Kepa etahi neurocytes.