Tau o Avogadro: ngā meka

Mai i te akoranga matū kura mohiotia te ki tatou e te mea e tangohia e koe tetahi kamiriona o te taonga, he mea 6.02214084 (18) • 10 ^ 23 ngota, te tahi atu āhuatanga hanganga (rāpoi ngota, katote, etc) ranei. Hoki te haratau o te maha o Avogadro te nuinga o te wā i tuhituhia i roto i tenei puka: 6,02 • 10 ^ 23.

Heoi, he aha te aumou Avogadro (i roto i te reo Ukrainian "riro Avogadro") Ko ïa te uara taua? Ko te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai e kore ko i te pukapuka, me hītori o te matū whakahere he momo o putanga. Ko te mana'o Ko e tau o Avogadro ko te tikanga ngaro. He pono i reira kia tau makutu, e ngā etahi maha o "pi", tau Student, e whitu (e waru i roto i te rawhiti), 13, me ētahi atu Ka whawhai matou ki te mārua mōhiohio. Mō nei tenei Amedeo Avogadro, a he aha, i roto i te honore o te pūtaiao i roto i tua whakatakoto ia i te ture, ka kitea i te ingoa hoki he rua i runga i te marama tamau, matou e kore kōrero. Tenei i kē tuhituhia he maha o ngā tuhinga.

Hei kia pau, Amedeo Avogadro kihai i whai wāhi i roto i ngā tātai o ngā rāpoi ngota ngota ranei i roto i tetahi rōrahi ngā. Ko te tuatahi tamata ki te feruri i roto i te nui o te rāpoi ngota hau e roto i roto i te rōrahi hoatu i te pēhanga taua, me te pāmahana ko Josef Loschmidt, a ko reira i roto i te tau 1865 tau. Ka rite ki te hua o to ratou ngā Loschmidt mutu e i roto i te kotahi henimita pūtoru o tetahi hau i roto i te tikanga noa ko 2,68675 • 10 ^ 19 rāpoi ngota.

Muri, i whakaaro ai i te maha nui o ara motuhake o pehea ki te whakatau i te tamau Avogadro, a mai i te hua i roto i te nuinga o te kēmu, ka korero kotahi ano te reira i roto i manakohia o te oraraa mau o ngā rāpoi ngota. I te kau, kua nui te maha o ngā tikanga 60, engari i roto i nga tau tata nei, kei te ngana pūtaiao ki te whakapai ake anō te tika o te tata, ki te whakauru i te whakamāramatanga hou o te wā "manokaramu". Na tawhiti, e pā ana te manokaramu te ki te rauemi paerewa i tīpakohia, kahore tetahi whakamāramatanga taketake.

Otiia hoki ki to tatou pātai taketake - he aha te mea rite ki te 6,022 • 10 ~ 23 tenei taimau?

I roto i te matū, i te 1973, i whakaarohia ai ki te whakauru i te ariā taua mo te haratau i roto i te tātai rite te "nui o taonga". Ko te kōwae taketake mō te ine i te nui ka mol. E ai ki ngā tūtohutanga a IUPAC, te nui o tetahi taonga i roto i te rahi ki ona matūriki timatanga motuhake. e kore te mea ti'aturi i runga i te momo o te taonga te take proportionality, me te tau o Avogadro ko tona uara kōaro.

Hoki mārama, kia tango tatou i tetahi tauira. Ka rite ki matau ana tatou i te whakamāramatanga o ngota papatipu kōwae 1 amu hāngai ki tetahi te tekau ma rua o te taimaha o te ngota waro kotahi, me te 12C ko 1,66053878 • 10 ^ (- 24) karamu. Ki te tini koe 1 amu i Avogadro tamau, whiwhi tatou 1,000 g / mol. Na tango etahi huānga matū, hei tauira, teriuma. E ai ki Ripanga papatipu o te teriuma ngota ko 9,01 amu tatau tatou i te mea e rite ana ki te kotahi kamiriona o ngā ngota o te pūmotu:

6,02 x 10 ^ 23 mol-1 * 1.66053878h10 ^ (- 24) * 9.01 karamu = 9.01 karamu / kamiriona.

Ko te kupu, puta reira e te papatipu titiwha numera hāngai ki ngota.

Kua whiriwhiria āta Avogadro tamau kia e tuhituhi reta te papatipu titiwha ki te rahinga ngota rahikore ranei - whanaunga rāpoi (ngota) taimaha. Ka taea e tatou te mea i takoto tau o Avogadro te ki tona ahua i runga i te ringa kotahi, te wae papatipu ngota, me i te tahi atu - he wae noa mō te whakatairite taimaha - karamu.