Soviet cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: biography, whakaahua

cosmonautics Russian mohio he maha nui o tuakiri rongonui. Ko roto ia ratou ko te Soviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Tuatahi o te katoa, kei te mohiotia e ia mo te te tangata tuatahi kahore i nei wehi ki te haere ki te wāhi i waho. Tenei cosmonaut rongonui ko Leonov. Haurongo o tenei tuakiri tino ka hei te kaupapa o to tatou kōrero.

Birth me te tamarikitanga

I roto i te rohe Kemerovo, te rohe o e ka no ki te mata Te Hau-ā-uru-Siberian, wāhi o te cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Rā o te whanau - Mei 30, 1934. Ana matua, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov me Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, ki te kahore hoki he iti Alyosha whakaarahia atu tamariki e whitu.

e toru nga tau, no te a Alex, i whakahekea tona utuafare. haere te papa ki te pokapū te puritanga, a ka akina atu te whaea ki te tamaiti ki te neke ki Kemerovo, pera i to ratou whare mau hoatu ki pahua. Ko e rua nga tau i muri i rehabilitated tona papa.

I roto i te Kemerovo A. A. haere Leonov ki te kura, engari i roto i 1947 te utuafare, i roto i te hononga ki te huringa o te wahi o mahi o imi, i takoha ki te neke ki Kaliningrad. Ko reira i roto i riro tenei pa o te kaipōkai nui heke mai tona mātauranga tuarua.

Mai kōhungahunga, i moe A. A. Leonov o te mahi ope, na i muri i te fariiraa i te tītohu kura nui (1953) tomo te Aviation Kura Military, e pai puta ia i roto i 1955. E rua tau i muri mai puta ia i te kura o te kōtaha hāngai.

whanaketanga o te Space

Na, ko te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 50s me 60raa XX ko te wa o tere whanaketanga o te wāhi. I roto i te 1957, whakarewa te pee'utari Earth horihori i te taha o te Soviet Union. kuri Laika - I te taua tau i roto i te rererangi tuatahi mea ora i hoatu ki ohuraa. te katoa akiaki atu ko te pātai o te pea o rere i roto i te wāhi tangata.

I roto i te 1960, i hanga te Soviet Air Force i te kōwhiringa o te rōpū tuatahi o astronauts, i ngā te 20 kaiurungi pai-whakangungua. Ko reira i roto i te i te mau melo o tenei rōpū i hanga te waka o nga haerenga wāhi Soviet tuatahi. I roto i tenei rua tekau hit tika te nuinga ko A. A. Leonov. Haunga ia, ko te kapa Tiamana Titov, Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev me maha atu kaiurungi rongonui. I hoatu te kororia o hoko te cosmonaut tuatahi Yuri Gagarin. I roto i te April 1961, te waka ātea "Vostok-1", hanga ana e ia te rere orbital tuatahi.

Mai i 1961 ki te 1964, rere wāhi hanga ko Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky ko Komarov. Ko te waka o Vladimir Komarov, e rere i roto i Oketopa 1964, i roto i te tua ki te rangatira, ngā o rua atu iwi. kua homai ha faingamālie taua he momo hou o maha-waka ātea "Voskhod", i whakakapi i te raupapa "Te Tai Rāwhiti".

E tatari ana hoki ratou tahuri ki cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Photo ki a ia ko Yuriem Gagarinym taea te kite i runga ake.

Te whati hītori

I whakaritea te ope wāhi hou mō te waenganui-Maehe 1965. Tuhinga reira o te iwi e rua. I whakaritea e ia rangatira Pavel Belyaev me pairati - A. A. Leonov. Mission i ki te tango i te wahi i roto i te waka ātea multiseater "Voskhod-2", oti nei, i roto i rite ki te putanga tuatahi kua whakarerekētia.

I te tīmatanga, ko te mahi o te ope ki te whakatinanatanga o spacewalks tangata, a whakaaro ai hei wāhanga o te hōtaka kaupeka Soviet.

"Voskhod-2" ki Belyaev me Leonov i te poari i whakarewahia i runga i Maehe 18, 1965.

I roto i te marae

I muri ka haere te waka ātea ki ohuraa, ko reira tika ki te kawe i te whakaaro matua o te rere - te spacewalk. Tenei mahi i ki te whakatau A. A. Leonov. oho tonu te kaipōkai ki te ruma maukati, i muri i timata te kati rangatira wehenga waka me tona depressurization. Na ka mahue Alexei Arkhipovich te airlock, a marere atu ki te marae. Ko tenei mahi o te ao katoa kua riro mohiotia A. A. Leonov (vavā). Whakaahua o tona noho i roto i te wāhi tuwhera kei raro nei.

Me kï reira e ka waho te waka ātea Alexei Arkhipovich ua hūhi: whakatika tona pāmahana tinana, ka anga sweating, auau ngakau nui haere me te auau romahā. I roto i te kaipōkai wāhi waho kua pau neke atu i te tekau ma rua meneti.

Hoki ki te waka ātea, ko e tika ana ki te tahi mau fifi. Nā ki te meka e te take wāhi nui pupuhi, i uaua Leonov ki te tiki hoki ki te airlock. Na ia - i roto i te ofatiraa o te tohutohu - i ki kotēhia ki tona matenga ki ona ringa mua.

tauranga

hoki tahi tauranga waka ātea e etahi maiki ohorere. i ia ki te kia kawea aunoa i, i muri ka hanga kaipuke 17 hohoko huri noa te ohuraa. Ko kua taka te te taputapu. Na reira, i te "putanga-2" ki te kia hoatu i roto i te aratau ā-i muri i 18 hohoko.

ū wahi ko te rohe taiga i roto i te rohe Perm. i taea e ki te kitea he waka ātea anake i te rua o nga ra rōpū Rescue. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te mea o rahunga i roto i aunoatanga taunga puta i roto i te wahi mau hooraa tenei.

kaipōkai mahi atu

I muri mahi i te rere hītori, hope i roto i te tuku o te tangata angitu tuatahi ki te wāhi, i whakawhiwhia Alexei Leonov te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union. I whakawhiwhia e ia te tohu Soviet rawa - te "Gold Star" me te Order o Lenin.

ka mau i muri e me tae noa ki 1969 whakakotahi Leonov wahi i roto i te hōtaka kaupeka Soviet. Otiia i muri i ū Ameliká i runga i te marama i poua ki reira i roto i rite te Soviet Union ngaro te taitara US i roto i te "iwi kaupeka". Na, e kore te mea o ngā moni ki cosmonautics Russian amiorangi tūturu o te whenua. Ahakoa i tetahi wa i whakaritea ai e kia riro te reira Leonov tangata tuatahi u ki runga ki te marama.

I tenei wa, te wā kotahi ki te mahi ako Alex Arkhipovich i te Air Force Academy i te aronga engineering.

I roto i te 1975, i hanga Leonov tona rere wāhi tuarua. Tenei wa ko reira ia te tangata e ko te rangatira o te waka, e, motu ke i a ia, ka tomo V.Kubasov. I hanga e te rere i runga i te rererangi "Soyuz-19" me te roa ake atu i te rima nga ra. I roto i tenei haerenga, ia i kotahi atu whakawhiwhia te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union.

I roto i te Hānuere 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov tahi ki ētahi atu kaiurungi o tona whakatupuranga mahue te kapa o astronauts. Mua roa, i tika ki tona tau tenei. Heoi, haere tonu ia tae noa ki 1991 ki te noho i te tūranga o te kawana. Upoko o te CPC. I roto i te 1991 mutu ia ki te paetukutuku o Meiha Tianara.

Ngohe i runga penihana

Otiia ehara i te mea he tangata taua ko Alexey Arkhipovich ki noho i roto i te whakatānga. Kua i 1992, ka arahina e ia te u, whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā hōtaka wāhi. I tua atu, ko ia he kaitohutohu mōhiohio ki te Poari Whakahaere mema o tetahi o te nui rawa tahatika Russian.

Kei te peita Alekseya Arhipovicha arearea matua i tēnei wā. I roto i tenei take, kua mohio te reira e te ngaio. collaborates Leonov ki kaitoi A. Sokolov, ki nei kua tahi-kaituhi ia he raupapa o ngā pane kuini.

Ehara i te rōpū ki Alexei Arkhipovich me tōrangapū. Ia wā ko te mema o te Kaunihera Hupirimi o te whakahaere rōpū o "United Russia". I tona huritau 75 fakafo'ituitui mihi ia Dmitry Medvedev i te wa i mahi rite peresideni o Russia.

whānau

wahine Alekseya Leonova a Svetlana Pavlovna ko Dotsenko, whanau i roto i te 1940. I roto i te mua, mahi ia hei ētita i roto i te whare whakaputa o te CPC, a kua mutu i teie nei.

I roto i te faaipoiporaa e rua nga tamahine a ratou - (. 1967 p) Victoria (. 1961 p) a Oksana. Otiia ka mate a Victoria, e mahi i te State University "Sovfraht", i roto i te 1996 rite ki te hua o te kakā ki pōauautanga pneumonic. Kei te mahi i tēnei wā Oksana rite te translator.

aromatawai tuakiri

Na, kua ako matou e pā ana ki te taua tuakiri tino i roto i te aamu o te pehea A. A. Leonov (vavā). Ko tino etaeta tona haurongo: i te wawe tau i fehangahangai ia ki tāmitanga Stalinist, a hoki atu a ite te kawa o te mate o tana tamahine.

Ko, ahakoa nga mishaps katoa me tutukitanga, i taea ki te riro tetahi o nga tuakiri tino rongonui i roto i te cosmonautics Soviet me te ao Leonov. Ko ia te tangata e i whakahonoretia hoki te wa tuatahi ki te haere ki te wāhi i waho. Whakaaro pehea i taua wa no ki te kōwhiringa o ngā kaitono, e ti'a ia tatou ia ite e ki kia whakaritea ki te misioni taua te tangata me kua mau huru whaiaro pono makehe kua. Na te tika o tenei whiriwhiri whakamatauria Alexei Arkhipovich i mahi.

Inflexibility o tona mahi huru me te pakeke faaite Leonov i muri faatuhaaraa, ka, hei utu o ki putere atu, kihai i mutu te mahi kaha, me ngā mahi pāpori.

He iwi rite A. A. Leonov, Russia whakakake.