Rua Hero o te Soviet Union Makarov Oleg Grigorevich: haurongo, whakatutukitanga me meka ngā

tangata pūmanawa, he mataotao, he kaipūkaha hoahoa rongonui, cosmonaut Oleg Grigorevich Makarov ko te tangata hōnore o te pa o āhua e toru: Yakutsk (Russian Federation), Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan) me Rivne (Ukraine). Ko te timatanga o tona mahi orua ki te tau, whakaaro nei ko te timatanga o te wā o te hōpara ātea. Ko roto i 1957, whakarewahia te Soviet Union te tuatahi i roto i te pee'utari tāwhaiwhai ao. A i nga takenga mai o tenei hui nui ko te reira taitamariki, me te unknown Makarov Oleg Grigorevich.

biography

He maha Awards o tenei tangata. Ko ia rua Hero o te Soviet Union: i roto i te 1973 me te 1978. I whanau Oleg Grigorevich Makarov i te ono o te Hānuere 1933 i roto i te rohe Tver i Udomlya kāinga iti o te rohe kotahi. Ko te faehau tona papa, a reira, e oho maha te aho o te ohipa i te wahi ki te tuu. A, ia ia e pā ana ki whitu ona tau, oho tona hapu ki Moldova, te wahi i reira i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao. Mother ki Oleg iti i whakatahia tuatahi i roto i Saratov, ka i roto i Fergana, Uzbekistan. Mai i 1943 ki te 1945 i noho ratou i roto i te rohe Tver i te kainga Kesova Gora. I muri i te whawhai, oho tona papa ki Weimar i Germany. I reira i ora ai Makarov Oleg Grigorevich ki tona whānau i 1945 ki te 1949-th. oho Weimar whānau ki te pa Iukereiniana o Rivne. Here i roto i te 1951, oti te tamaiti, me te kura kōeke whakatekau.

tamarikitanga

ka mau tau kura Oleg Makarov wahi i roto i te whawhai uaua me tau he vahaataimi. haere toutou ki nga wahi e nohoia te wahi i te tangata taitamariki ki tonu kia whakamahia ki ngā āhuatanga hou, me ngā hōtaka whakangungu, kua mahue ratou tohu i runga i tona huru. Otiia i roto i te 1951, ka nui atu iti iho ranei hoki te ora me te āhuatanga pūtea whānau Makarov ki noa, whakaekea nga matua tana tama ki te noho i roto i te Rivne me reira ki te haere ki te kāreti.

Ako i roto i Baumanke

Otiia kua whakapumautia he pūāhua totoka ka mea te tangata taitama i roto i tona whakatau. whiriwhiria Makarov Oleg Grigorevich he ara uaua ake. faaoti ia ki te haere ki Moscow me ki tomo teitei tehuchilische ratou. Bauman. ako tenei tamaiti kura nui i rangatira i mahi nei ki tona papa.

I roto i te pane, ka tutaki Oleg tona whanaunga. Eugene i te wa i ako i roto i whakamutunga i te tau o Mei. Ua tauturu te tamaiti tona teina a tawhio noa i roto i te pa tauhou i roto i te raupapa.

Tīmata o te mahi ngaio

tomo te tangata taitama te whare wānanga, me te te pai ako reira. mahi tona tītohu ka mau te reira i wahi i roto i te OKB-1, e muri i te āta hono tona haurongo. Oleg Makarov i muri i tu'ite no te haapiiraa teitei i roto i te ahunga kua haina ïa i roto i tenei whakahaere hei kaipūkaha.

Tata ka mau katoa o tona mahi mahi wahi i roto i te whakahaere. Ko te kapeneti hoahoa rongonui ahu e ia, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Ia pai tonu te Makarov.

mahi Oleg G. i te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha tākirirangi me wāhi taputapu engineering, ka mau te wahi kaha i roto i ngā whakamātautau whenua me te rere. Ko ia tahi-kaituhi o te pūrongo i runga i te hanganga o te pee'utari a te whenua ki te cosmonaut i runga i te poari. ka mau Makarov he wahi tika i roto i te tukanga o te whakawhanake i te hoahoa o tētahi ariā o te topu "Vostok", ano, whakahaua ana e ia te mahi i runga i te whakapai ake o te kaipuke. I teie mahana i reira he torutoru iwi, ara i mua i te rere tuatahi ki te wāhi whakahaere ki te rave i te reira nui mō te wāhi, rite Oleg G ..

Jobs i roto i te engineering wehe

timata te huinga tuatahi o cosmonauts i 1960. I roto i te rōpū tuatahi i kaiurungi hōia anake. Patia i te kōwae i roto i te rohe o Moscow, i roto i te wahi i reira mahi i tenei ra Center Training Cosmonaut. Ko reira i hanga he pa iti, ao mohiotia rite te Star. I muri ka mau te reira ki te rere me Engineers tino mohio. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga e te reira i tetahi atu rōpū. Tuhinga reira o Engineers, astronauts me cosmonauts-kairangahau. Ki te manaaki o te Kuini i roto i te kapa i muri i te whakamātautau rawa pakari hauora i tuhia i roto i te 1966 me te Makarov Oleg Grigorevich - te vavā, nei i ki te haere i roto i te wā faaineineraa rawa uaua, me te pai roa i mua i tona moe o rere i roto i te ao mure ore tonu i.

hōtaka marama

Mai 1967 Makarov ki 1968, tahi ki te A. i faaineine Leonov ki rere ki te marama. Otiia kihai ia i tango i te wahi. I katia hōtaka Marama mo te maha o ngā take, rangatira i roto i nei i te tūtukitanga missiles i roto i to ratou whakarewatanga unmanned. Ko reira kore ki te waiho, me te rere Makarova i te DOS-2 - te teihana wā roa-.

Ko te whakamātautau wāhi tuatahi

Makarova moemoea ki hei i roto i te wāhi tuwhera kihai i ki kia tae noa ki 1973. Anake i roto i te tau o te tau whā tekau o Oleg G. hanga ona whati tuatahi. Ko ia i roto i te wāhi mō ngā ra e toru (27-29 Mahuru). ngā te waka o e rua iwi: he Makarov - he mataaro rere o te waka ātea "Soyuz-12" ko Lazareva. Tenei rere, tokomaha i huaina motuhake. Ko te take i ko te tuatahi i muri i te ati poromu ia i roto i te 1971, he kaipuke ki cosmonauts V. Volkov, G. Dobrovolsky ko V. Patsaeva i te poari.

i ki tirohia nga whakatau katoa hoahoa me te hanga whakapainga hangarau, me te wheako i te whakawa hou Makarov ko Vladimir Lazarev. mutu pai Flight. Hoki te itoito e te itoito o Makarov Oleg Grigorevich i whakawhiwhia te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union.

aituā

tata mutu tenei waka rere i muri i roto i te ati. Te rima i roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 1975 tākirirangi ki Makarov me Lazarev haere i runga i te poari pai i te pae whakarewatanga Baikonur. Heoi, ka te whakanohoia ai ki te ohuraa puta whawhati tata. A i te wa ka i te waka ātea i runga i te whenua i te teitei o tata e rua rau kiromita. Aua'e, nā pūnaha whakaora whawhati tata. Ka rite ki te hua, te astronauts i runga i te capsule uri tuha. Ko catastrophic te āhuatanga. Kua tu astronauts rua tekau ngā wā kikī, e i mua kahore tetahi i ki te ite i. I whakapono te reira e kore te tinana tangata, ko te pai ki taua. Heoi, Oleg Grigorevich Makarov (cosmonaut), rite, te mea, ko VG Lazarev, i pera pai whakaakona e taea e ia ora. Crew mō te toa i whakawhiwhia te Order o Lenin.

Kia whakaurua i roto i te hītori o rerenga whakamātautau kore-tangata i muri i pāhekeheke Makarova me Lazarev. Heoi, e kore ia i whakaaro pera, Oleg G .. nui tona hiahia me te huru kaha ngā ki te hauora pai te whakahohea ia ki te hanga he flights wāhi e rua te vavā. Heoi, he wāhi kore he mema waka tuarua VG Lazarev.

Advances i roto i te hōpara ātea

ka mau Makarova te rere i muri i roto i January 1978, ka ia rite te mataaro rere i runga i te waka ātea "Soyuz-27" tae i te teihana wā roa-"Salyut-6". Ko te waka hoki V. Janibekov. Runga te teihana i astronauts Romanenko me Grechko.

wā tuatahi i roto i te hītori o te hōpara ātea matau i runga i te tata-Earth matatini wāhi ohuraa i huihui, he roa o e pā ana ki toru tekau mita, me te taimaha - e toru tekau ia tone. Tuhinga reira o te teihana wāhi me rua waka ātea topu. oti astronauts ite ratou mahi maitai, a i te mahi rangahau whakaponohia. Ko tetahi atu taahiraa ki te whakapiki ake i te spaceflight roanga. Ko te kupu ka timata te tukanga o te hanga i te wāhi i roto i te whakaurunga rangahau nui. Hoki tenei rere riro Makarov he mētara tuarua "Gold Star".

Tona spaceflight whakamutunga Oleg G. tukua i te tau o wha tekau ma waru nga tau. Ko te whāinga matua o tenei ope, ko te hanga o te pūnaha mana waiariki o te teihana orbital wā roa-. ko Te Roa ma toru nga ra. Ko wero mīharo te mahi, engari tāia ki te astronauts ki reira.

meka ngā

I roto i te 1980, ka awhina Oleg G. tona tuhinga mo te tohu o te kaitono o sciences hangarau. I te 1986, i peia ia mo take hauora i te tikanga, ka hoki ki tona engineering matua. I roto i tona oire o RSC "Energía", puritia e ia te tūranga o te rangatira tuarua.

Ki te tana wahine, tutaki Valentina Soldatovoy Oleg Grigorevich i 1960, te OKB-1. I roto i te taua tau marenatia ia. I roto i 1961 te tokorua i whanau tamaiti tuatahi. Mea rawa Makarov rua tama. I roto i te 1998, i hanga Olegu Grigorevichu i roto i CDB tafa ngakau, engari kihai i taea e ki te tino ora ia. mate ia rua Hero o te Soviet Union Makarov Oleg te rua tekau-waru i roto i te Mei 2003 i tona dacha waho Moscow. Ko e whitu tekau ma tahi nga tau ia. tanumia Oleg G. i te urupā Moscow Ostankino.

kihai i Makarov pupuri i te pūranga whaiaro, engari i taea ki te kohikohi i te nui nui o ngā rauemi, me te haere ratou ki te Space Museum tona utuafare. kawea te nuinga o te mahi i te taha o ana tama, āwhina e hoa i te pokapū.