Svetlana Aleksievich: biography, te ora whaiaro me te mahi. Nobel Svetlana Aleksievich

Nuinga tata, faaoti te Komiti Nobel ki tohu te utu mo te tuhinga. riro te reira i te kaituhi Laureate Svetlana Aleksievich, kua mohiotia iti ki kaipānui hou nei haurongo.

Kia kōrero o tenei ra i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki te ora, me te ora auaha o te haapae hua i roto i te mara tuhituhi.

Poto mōhiohio haurongo e pā ana ki te whanau, me te tamarikitanga

whanau te kaituhi i mua nei i roto i Western Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk) i roto i te 1948. ko he Belarusian, ko tona whaea, tona papa - he Ukrainian. Ko te ora o mea tahu tona whawhai whānau. Ko te whānau me te whaea, me te papa kua patua pakeke i roto i te mahi o nga whenua Iukereiniana me Belarusian. haere Matua i roto i te whawhai, a ka tukua i muri anake i te wikitoria. Na ka oho ia tana wahine me te tamahine nohinohi i roto i te kainga Belarusian i roto i te rohe Gomelevskoy. Ko te papa me te whaea, he kaiako kaituhi.

kua kite e ia he rota i roto i tona ora Svetlana Aleksievich, biography o tona haamauraa.

I momoho te puta i te kura, ka tomo Svetlana te manga nūpepa o te paerewa Soviet whaimana o Belarusian State University. I muri i tu'ite, kua tamata e ahau he rota o ngaio: mahi hei kaiako, kaiako me te kairīpoata. ka anga tona niupepa tuatahi tānga "te parau mau Pripyat" me "Mori o Communism."

tau waenga

Na roto i te tuhituhi Svetlana faaieie i tona tamarikitanga, waituhi reira, ka anga kōrero poto ki te whakaputa i roto i te press Soviet, engari ka i whakahonoretia ia ki te kia manakohia ki te Union o Soviet Writers (ka mau wahi tenei hui i roto i te 1983). Mohoa noa nei, kua tuku i te reira ki te kaihanga o te tuhinga Belarusian, kitea nei i roto i te tauākī o te Nobel, "te kaituhi Belarusian Svetlana Aleksievich". Biography, i puritia tona ora whaiaro i roto i Peraruhia, i konei te pono o taua formulations.

I roto i te tau perestroika kua whakaputaina te kaituhi e rave rahi pukapuka e hanga he rota o te haruru me te kua runga reira ki te kāwai o dissidents (o enei pukapuka ka kia kōrero i muri). I roto i 2000-doma. oho Aleksievich ki Europe, noho a mahi i roto i France, Germany me Italy. Aita i maoro a'e hoki ia ki a Peraruhia.

Svetlana Aleksievich: te aroha ora

Ko te pātai o o te kaituhi wahine te whakarau i nga wa katoa pā hiahia o tona mahi, engari i roto i tenei mara mohio iti rawa.

I roto i ana mahi, ka korerotia e Svetlana he rota o pono kōrero o te wahine, engari mo nga kairīpoata katoa e uiui ia, te kaupapa o "Svetlana Aleksievich: te ora tūmataiti" i kati. Kua oti rawa te kaituhi ia ki tuhinga rite te karangatia matua o te ora katoa, i roto i nga pätai katoa, tohu te reira e te wahine kotahi. Kei te mohiotia te reira e no te te wa roa, ka whakaarahia e ia e tona irāmutu - te tamahine o te tīmatanga o tuahine kua mate.

Ahakoa kore e taea e tatou e te mea e tangohia he tangata ko Aleksievich Svetlana. Kei tona hapu o ona pukapuka, screenplays me mahi kairīpoata.

Ko te ngā tuhituhi tuatahi

i hiahia i roto i te kaupapa polemical i te hītori o to tatou whenua tonu Writer Svetlana Aleksievich.

Tona pukapuka tuatahi, "mahue ahau i te kainga", rite hoki te whakaputanga i te tau 1976, i kanga ki te ngaro āta o te whenua Russian. Ko te kaituhi tika tohu i roto i taua kua he taua haerenga papatipu o peasants i te whenua kua whakapataritari e te mana ki to ratou kaupapa here noatia, me te ati o te collectivization whānui. Noatia, he uiuiraa taua (me te pukapuka e hanga ano i runga i enei uiuinga) kore meinga oaoa i roto i te rangatira ka Soviet, na e kore te pukapuka i whakaputaina i roto i te Soviet Union.

Kua te pukapuka tuarua o te kaituhi kua tukua ki te iwi whānui i roto i 1983 ka meinga he rota o te haruru. I huaina te reira "e kore he War kanohi o te wahine." I roto i tenei pepa, kua kohia te kaituhi haamana'oraa o maha wahine Soviet nei whai wāhi i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic. i, nāna i tātari wāhanga o te haamana'oraa (i muri hoatu ratou te kaituhi i roto i te mau papai pou-Soviet). Aleksievich mau pōhēhē te whakapakoko i i hanga i mua i ona pukapuka e pā ana ki te whawhai. I roto i tona mahi, e kore e nga wahine korerotia e pā ana ki te mahinga me whakaora, ko te wehi, te mamae, taitamarikitanga i pakaru, a pā ana ki te pāhuatia whawhai.

Ko te taua ko te mahi polemical "Ko nga Fakamo'oni Last: pukapuka kore-tama a a kōrero poto" (1985). I oti rawa ia ki haamana'oraa o ngā tamariki e pā ana ki te ngā nanakia o te Pakanga nui Patriotic. ka korerotia e kōrero o ngā tamariki pouri kaipānui Aleksievich Svetlana, ko tona hapu i roto i te mahi i roto i te whawhai ano.

mahi nui kaituhi

He rota o te ngangau i hanga i mahi "Boys Konutea" (1989), whakatapua ki te hui pouri mo to tatou whenua i te whawhai Afghan. Here parau Aleksievich e pā ana ki te pouri nui o te whaea nei ngaro ratou tama, a kahore e matau he aha i mate ratou tamariki.

Ko te pukapuka i muri - "whakawaia mate" (1993) - korero e pā ana ki te mahi o whakamomori papatipu o te iwi e kua ngaro whakapono i roto i te mau mana'o tawhito i muri i te parariraa o te USSR.

ka te reira i mohiotia whānuitia mahi o te kaituhi, "Te pure Chernobyl" (1997), e te parau o te mau ohipa pouri o te kino. Kua kohia e te kaituhi i roto i tona pukapuka o ngā uiuinga ki te kaiuru tonu ora toremi o nga hopearaa o tenei kino.

Ka rite ki taea e matou te titiro, i roto i tona ora tuhituhi roa o ngā pukapuka maha hanga Svetlana Aleksievich e pā ana ki enei pukapuka, he momo o arotake. Etahi o nga kaipānui whakahonoretia ana te taranata o te kaituhi, a kanga te tangata Aleksievich ratou whakapa populism me nūpepa natulá.

taketake tūmomo me wä kaituhi ihirangi o ngā pukapuka

Kaituhi tautuhi ia te momo o tona tuhi hei toi-pakipūmeka. E rata ana te reira i rua pakiwaitara me te pakipūmeka kairīpoata.

Mai ona pukapuka kaupapa o āwangawanga o te iwi maha, te auahatanga kaituhi ko te ahanoa o whakarongo i fakaangá. rerekē ratou i roto i o ratou aromatawai.

Na, ka mea wahi o nga whika tuhituhi Western hou e Svetlana Aleksievich, haurongo, me te auaha e tika hono ki te Soviet Union, rite kahore tetahi atu e taea te korero ki te pono e pā ana ki te mea ko te Soviet Union mo ona tangata. Huri i te reira i roto i taua ko te USSR he kingitanga kino tūturu i tohungia e tona iwi, mo te whakaaro ki o te whakatutuki tōrangapū whāinga wairua. Iwi pehu whakangaromia i te gulags, whakatoia ana ki te parekura i runga i nga mara o te Pakanga II o te Ao, e tohu i kore tamariki ranei nga wahine, kua rere te kāwanatanga Soviet te whenua ki te whawhai Afghan, mea te kino Chernobyl, a na i runga i.

Ētahi atu fakaangá e tautuhi ratou rite "ao Russian" tuku iho, i runga i te anga ke, tawai te kaituhi e he taea ki te kite i te āhuatanga kino anake o mooni Soviet me Russian, te tau'a ore ona taha pai ia. Kua whakawakia ēnei fakaangá te kaituhi i roto i te tinihanga tūturu o te ngākau nuitanga o ratou whenua tupu. mea ratou e kore Svetlana Aleksievich, biography tika te i hono ki Peraruhia, Russia ko Ukraine, i roto i toku ora katoa te mea tetahi pai e pā ana ki te faufaa o te kotahitanga o enei whenua e toru. Enei fakaangá whakapono e āta faahuru te kaituhi i roto i ana mahi meka tūturu, te hanga i tētahi whakapakoko o "kino, me te haavare e Russia" mo nga kaipānui Western me Russian.

whakaaro Tōrangapū o te kaituhi

Ko te kaupapa o "Svetlana Aleksievich: biography, te ora whaiaro" kua ngā te aro o ngā kairīpoata, engari te nuinga o ratou moni herea ki nga whakaaro tōrangapū o te kaituhituhi.

Ko te take i Svetlana ko te kaitautoko ōrite o Westernising whakaaro, ia toutou faaino tūranga tōrangapū rite te peresideni o Peraruhia Alexander Lukashenko me peresideni o Russia Vladimir Putin. Rua blames te kaituhi te hanganga o te kingitanga o tuarua-ringa (ka karanga kaituhi o te pukapuka whakamutunga ko - "Time ringa tuarua" (2013)). whakapono Aleksievich e hiahia Putin me Lukashenka ki fokotu'u te kaupapa Soviet whakamataku, me te antihuman, na i roto i tona kupu tūmatanui, hei whakatau he te kaituhi katoa o nga kau taki Belarusian me Russian nāianei. whakatau he te reira i te hono o Crimea ki Russia, te whakaoranga o te mana hōia o Russia, whakapono Putin kawenga mo te mate o te iwi i roto i te Donbass, a na i runga i. D.

Nobel: te hītori o te whakawhiwhinga

tohua Kaituhi mo te Nobel rua: i roto i te 2013 me te i roto i 2015. I te 2013, ka whakawhiwhia te utu ki tetahi atu kaituhi i Canada.

I roto i te 2015, kua whakaritea e te Komiti Nobel ki hoatu tenei tohu ki Svetlana Aleksievich. Tonu i muri i te fanongonongo o tenei whakatau, he tokomaha kua hiahia i roto i tenei tangata kia rite ki Svetlana Aleksievich. I whakawhiwhia te Nobel ki a ia mo te take, a ka he te reira noa atu ngā.

Tēnei tohu te rawa kore i te wa roa whakawhiwhia ki kaituhi Russian-korero. Ano, Kei te maha whakamahia reira rite te taputapu i roto i te pakanga tōrangapū i waenganui Russia me te Te Hau-ā-uru: tona hītori e whakawhiwhia te utu, rite ki te tikanga, te hunga i mārama ngā rerekētanga o whakaaro ki nga mana o Soviet Russia (hei tauira, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Boris Pasternak, Ivan Bunin).

He tirohanga whānui o te kaituhi kupu Nobel

Na roto i te iho, te Nobel mō te tuhituhinga hanga he kupu whakawhetai i roto i nei tapeke ia ake tona auaha ahurei.

mahi ia ki te kupu, me te Svetlana Aleksievich. homai Nobel mo Literature te kotahi i roto i te oraraa taatoa, na hanga te kaituhi kua tetahi o ana tuhinga pai.

Ko te kaupapa o te kupu Aleksievich ka te whakapakoko o te "tangata whero", e ko te tangata ki te mentality Soviet, e ora tonu i roto i te feruriraa o te iwi Russian me meinga ratou ki te hanga i etahi whakataunga. Tenei tangata Aleksievich whakataua rite te hua o te wā totalitarian.

iwi Russian karanga te kaituhi "nga pononga o Utopia", whakaahua e whai ratou he "ara Russian motuhake" varua motuhake rerekē i whenua Western varua. Ko te whakaoranga o to tatou whenua kite te kaituhi te whakakāhoretanga o te whakamahinga mure ore, me te tino iwi Russian ki te uara o te ao Western.