Rawiri Böhm: haurongo, whakaahua me ngā meka ngā

hanga ahupūngao aronui Devid Bom he takoha nui ki te ahupūngao ariā e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te neuropsychology, me te rapunga whakaaro. Mahi i University Princeton, Bom tino kaha Mahi tahi ki Albertom Eynshteynom, i mahi i roto i te wē ahupūngao, rehe aronui, te ariā o konganuku, ariā o matūriki pūmotu. I te tau 1951 i tuhituhi a Rawiri Böhm he mahi nui mo te ao o te pūtaiao, whakaaro te tauākī pai o te tikanga haratau o rehe aronui.

Bom ko Oppenheimer

I roto i te utuafare tangata heke Hurai e noho ana i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, i roto i Hakihea 1917, whanau he tamaiti i te hunga mo'oni i timata te aruaruraa ki kaha te tūhura i te ao, maere i te pū katoa o tona kitenga. I roto i te Tikanga tangohia i ngā pūmanawa Rawiri Böhm, e i kitea wawe rawa. I puta ia i te kāreti i roto i Pennsylvania i te 1939, iti iho i te wha tau i muri mai, ka e ia he Doctor o Pūtaiao i roto i te Physics. awhina ia te tohu o Rawiri Böhm kua te University o California. Ka rite ki te ākonga, whai wāhi ahau ki te ngākau nui i roto i te aparauraa porohita, i arahina e tetahi o te "matua" o te poma ngota, Robert Oppenheimer, te wahi kōrero ratou te raruraru, i matara atu i haavare ahupūngao ariā.

Ko te kaupae tuatahi ki ngā āhuatanga heke mai a Rawiri Böhm, ngā maha ngā take taumauri nei pukapuka, i hanga kua. Ko ia hiahia i roto i te hononga o nga mea katoa, mea, whakaaro - nga mea katoa e kore e taea e kore e pa ki te ahupūngao rite te pūtaiao. Tae noa 1947 Rawiri Böhm, he ahupūngao, ako i te University o Berkeley (California) wē ariā me Synchrocyclotron synchrotron. I roto i te tahi atu mea, i tona mahi he he koha ki te hanga o te poma ngota Oppenheimer. i te whakapanga ia ia, kia rite ki te tama a manene Hungarian me tangata heke Latvian ki te kaupapa, o te akoranga, e kore i whakaaetia, o "ta'emateaki". Hei korero te pono, ki taua mahi ngaro i roto i nga whenua katoa tukua iwi kahore i runga i taranata, engari i runga i pono.

Böhm ko Einstein

I roto i te 1947, i muri i te nekehanga, me te mahi hou (ahorangi kaiāwhina i University Princeton) timata ki te whakaaro pukapuka a Rawiri Böhm e ia ia ki te tuhituhi. Just ka timata reira mahi tahi kaha ki te poto Albertom Eynshteynom nei e tino hari ki Böhm. I 1951, i oaoa ia korero ki te pukapuka tuatahi o tona hoa o ia rite te poto.

Heoi, ko te kaituhi e Rawiri Böhm, he whakahaere ki te ariki o tino i titiro, tika te whakamārama i tona patapatai. Kua i te mutunga o te Bom kihai i tino o tenei mahi ko e ko reira e tika ana ki te whakaputa i te pukapuka. Heoi, e kore tetahi Einstein, whakakikitia e nga hoa ahupūngao pŭpŭ himene katoa te kaituhi ki te hohoro, no te mea te "Quantum Theory" i te kau he faaiteraa pai o rehe aronui. ka puta mai te pukapuka i roto i a hanga he illius i roto i te ao pūtaiao. Ko Rawiri Böhm rethink katoa o ratou maimoatanga tuatahi, me te i muri i te maha o ngā tuhinga tāpiri pukapuka. "Ko te tikanga causal o rehe Poutiaki" - te tikanga hou pera-ka karanga o te raruraru pūtaiao.

pūnaha aronui

ka karanga hoa Böhm whakaputaina mahi faaiteraa ariā o tenei katoa, tata whakapono ita i roto i te tupono o te ao phenomenal, ki te mooni ao katoa. Ko te pera hohonu tenei whakaaro e ki te whakatau i ngā take katoa whakaarahia e mahi reira tae noa ki te mutunga o tona ora Devid Bom. Holographic Universe, hei whakaaro, kua maturuturu i te pito o tona pene ko rite te hua o te whakaaro huritao i runga i te pūmanawa aronui.

ariā aronui haratau Böhm te whakaaro i oti inaianei, paopao tona indeterminacy, mana'o e takoto ia matūriki me tona ara nekehanga te kore anake, me te kore pera nui nga ture ohie o te ahupūngao, kua whakahaeretia e ratou i te mōhiohio kaha o nāianei e pā ana ki te taiao o te matūriki ki runga ki te ao katoa.

pūmanawa aronui

Kei te tata tīmata tenei mahi ia anake i roto i te 70, i te mutunga o tona ora, engari pūtaiao pērā i Bom Devid, e kore i taea e hangaia ariā holographic o te ao. Time ano e rapu i tenei matauranga. Ka rite ki te hihiani whakahaere he kaipuke i roto i te moana whanui te tupuhi, a kahore he ia matūriki tika "hokai te ao," mea katoa i roto i tona kaupapa, tei runga i te āhuatanga o te pūmanawa quantum, nui atu i runga i te tawhiti me te roa te wa, e nga mea katoa i runga i te hononga i waenganui i quantum pūnaha.

Ko te kupu, ka te whanaketanga o tenei whakaaro i te whakataki tuatahi o ngā mōhiohio ki te hohonu rawa o te ariā tinana, a inaianei nga mahi o te ariā Rawiri Böhm o ko te postulate o te tätaitanga aronui me te mōhiohio. He whai wāhitanga mō te momo o ngā whakapae, ara te tino ngali kuawa. Hei tauira, ki te reira he taumata olopoto atu o mooni? A i runga i tenei kaute i Boma ko te ariā - aronui, nonlocal taurangi huna. Kua oti te tuhituhi e ia te maha o pepa i runga i te tumu parau, e muri arahina ki te whakamātau whakaaro kōrero tenei ra: te lēsoni Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen me te kore ōritenga o Bell.

kaupapa here

Mai te rōpū ākonga, ko tona mema ko Böhm, whai wāhi kore anake i roto i te ahupūngao, engari ano hoki whakaaro taumauri, tae atu kominiusi, ona hoa, me hoa i hopukina i te ra kino-hū taua. haere ahau i roto i 1950, te tino rohe McCarthyism i te United States. i tukua e Rawiri te taua e pa ana, engari ki ana hoa i pai ki te hoatu taunakitanga.

Ahakoa te meka i tukua ai ia i te whare herehere ki te panaia ōkawa o utu katoa, kihai i Princeton University te whakahou i tona kirimana. Ahakoa tono akiaki a Einstein, titiro atu ki te mahi tahi atu ki Böhm, i kāore i. E kore te whakahaere whare wānanga i haere ki te whakatau noa te kaipūtaiao ngingila. Ētahi wā Böhm mahi i roto i Brazil, ka i roto ia Iharaira, te wahi tutaki ia ki a Hara Wolfson, tana wahine.

āhuatanga hou

ka Haifa he wahi rongonui, me te hari ki a Böhm. E rua o ana ākonga, taa ko ana hoa kanapa tuakiri, ka meinga ki a ratou i nga āhuatanga tino mīharo i roto i te mara o te ahupūngao aronui. E nga wahi katoa ēnei ingoa whakahuatia tahi ki te ingoa o Rawiri Böhm - Kiriona Karami, me Yakir Aharonov. I roto i 1957, te Tari o Bristol (UK) kua tapaea ki a ia, a ka whakaae Böhm.

Ko reira i reira, me ki whakatuwheratia Arona "pānga Aharonov-Böhm" i runga i te kaha o ngā irahiko ki ite te mara autō, ara te wahi kihai i reira. 1961 th hanga Böhm he ahorangi i roto i te ahupūngao ariā. Kua tupu kē tenei i roto i etahi taumata teitei o te pūtaiao Birkbeck College (University o London). mahi He Böhm tae noa tūranga, e ko, tae noa ki 1984.

Ahupūngao ko Philosophy

Kua roa te reira i te taime no te ite Böhm te hiahia ki te kawe tahi enei whakaaro e rua ao. I roto i te 1959, tupu ia ki te pānui i te mahi o tetahi o te philosopho Indian me te ōrite o ratou whakaaro i runga i maha nga mea i ruia reira. Ko te whakanui nui ki te ako o whanaunga o te rapunga whakaaro me te ahupūngao hoatu a'oraa Krishnamurti ko Rawiri Böhm, toutou hoki i miharo te whakamutunga i te aroaro o faitatau na maha i roto i te whakakitenga o te ao i roto i te iwi e rua tino rerekē. Ratou auhoaraa roa atu atu i te rau tau hauwhā. Aua'e hoki taata, te whakahaere o te iwi kakama rua kahore e totohu ki te warewaretanga, a kua whanau hua. Ko ratou nga pukapuka: «Pūtaiao, Order ko Creativity», «te mutu o Time», «wholeness me te whakatuaki Order».

i te mahi tikanga o rehe Poutiaki noa te mutunga o te ora o Rawiri Böhm, deploys faufaa ko te whanaketanga o te tauira holographic o te hanganga o te ao, me te ariā o "holomovement" (holomovement), a he tupuria ki hononga atu, me te ake kaha enei uara e rua. E ai ki a ratou katoa wahi o te ao i roto i te wāhi me te wa, tuaruatia ano i roto i tino mea katoa e kei i te toenga o te ao, me te whakaurunga o te hakari e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te heke mai, me te mua. E ko, ia wāhanga he mōhiohio e pā ana te ahanoa katoa. Hono ako i te pūtau e taea e ao mohiotia. Tenei whakaaro - e kore e auraki, no te mea te ariā o "te mea te mea i raro, a ka te tihi o te" atu whakawhanakehia Bacon me muri mai, Roerich ko Blavatsky, heoi - i roto i te kingitanga o te rapunga whakaaro. Ko tohe te wholeness ao, me te kia huna Devid Bom kua ki te awhina o te ahupūngao.

i roto i te huarahi o

whakamahia Neurophysiologist Karl Pribram o Amerika nga whakaaro o Böhm, te tauira holographic o te roro, a kua tahuri reira i roto i. He ahupūngao i te Hōrana me Nobel Laureate Gerart Hooft i ana mahi fakalili'a e te whanaketanga ao holographic, ko te kaituhi o e Rawiri Böhm, tohatoha uara kua awhinatia o te matūriki whakaoti ia tetahi o nga raruraru te koiora o te ahupūngao - ki te whakarato i matapae whaitake, me te tika pāngarau o te ariā o taunekeneke electroweak mo te whakakotahitanga o te rerekē, i runga i te para tuatahi, te mara e te hunga i roto i te ao.

whakatakoto ia ano te parau tumu holographic, kia rite ki nei e taea te māngai te mōhiohio katoa o te mara etahi rite te Hologram, a whakaaro - ko ano hoki he āhuatanga ao o te auahatanga rite kī, ko Rawiri Böhm. Angatonú me te kia huna - e tenei whakaaro, ka miharo, ka pupuri i ona muimuí Böhm. Ko reira te tangata ngā, i i te pānga nui i runga i te pāhekoheko ripeka-ahurea. Tona vēkeveke privechali te Dalai Lama, me nga kau taki o te Inia o Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, ko ia he ariā nui whānui atu i te kaiputaiao tika. I roto i te 1990, utua ara ia te mema o te Royal Society. A i roto i te 1992, i te tau o te semidesyatichetyrohletnem, ua Rawiri Böhm he mamae i roto i te ngakau, a ka mate o te ärai. noho tuhinga whakamutunga i roto i tona tēpu. I huaina te reira: "Ko e Universe tapatahi". whakahaere tonu tikanga ontological o ariā aronui ki te whakaoti Rawiri Böhm. Ko te tapatahi o te ao faahiti iho i roto i te tapatahi o te tuakiri o te tangata.

"He whakaaro haurangi"

Ko te whakaaro o te āhua halá o te ao, i hoatu e te ao e Rawiri Böhm, kōrero kore e physicists me philosopho i mahue ki tenei ra. Ko te mutunga i tenei kōhanga mahi rawa oschelomlyayuschee: e kore e mooni whāinga tīariari, ahakoa te aroaro o te kiato kitea o reira, i te ngakau o tona ao - nehenehe Hologram taipitopito, he mariko nui. He aha te mea he Hologram? Tenei pikitia e toru-ahu, te uta i kurupae taiaho. Kia pehea te mahi te tenei, e matau ana katoa i tenei ra.

Whakaahuatia marama e te kurupae taiaho, me te tuarua, i roto i te tua ki te marama kitea i te whakaahuatia, homai he tetahi whakarerekētanga o te tihi me te whāruarua o nga hihi, e te, te whakapakoko pokanoa, kei te pai te whakaritea ai i runga i te kiriata. A, no te taka te mata i runga i te ahua hua, e kore e taea ki te matau tetahi - runga reira interbedded rārangi pouri me te marama, me tino kore tikanga. Heoi, kua whakahaua reira ki tetahi atu kurupae taiaho, whakaaturia he whakapakoko e toru-ahu kei te tonu, a ka waiho i te reira rite te ahanoa taketake taua. Ko te pā ana ki reira, a ka korerotia e Rawiri Böhm - Te Holographic Universe, he halá te mooni. I muri, te pukapuka, me te ko Maykl Talbot - "Holographic Universe".

atu āhuatanga

A ko te kore anake tenei i te taonga fakaofo - toru-dimensionality. Hologram tūturu me nui ake. Hei tauira, tapahia i roto i te hawhe Hologram tetahi ahanoa marama e te taiaho, taea te whakapakoko katoa i roto i ia hawhe o te kaupapa kotahi, o te rahi kotahi. A ka taea e tenei wahanga tonu. Ahakoa te wahi iti o te ahanoa kitea. E ko ia wahi o te Hologram, kua te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kaupapa katoa, ki te whakaiti hautanga i roto i te koinga.

Ko te parau tumu matua o te Hologram ko e katoa wahi o te katoa kua huihui reira katoa. āhei te reira ki a koutou rerekē hamani whakahaere me te maau. Ko te ariā o te ngaru pairati, ara i whanau i roto i te 1927 e Lui De Broglie - te tauira mōhiotia tuatahi o taurangi huna. Ö me "riria" tenei ariā, ko reira taea ki te mahino te haurangi tino o te pono, pera ana me ta Rawiri Böhm. "Ko te pairati-poipoi" kawea a faataa ariā pērā i te lēsoni o ngeru o Schrodinger me tiango tonu o te mahi poipoi.

Ahupūngao me Pāngarau

Tata ki te katoa tikanga o rehe aronui whakamahi formalism pāngarau, e tautoko ai i te taunaki whakamātautau. Ahakoa, ki te ohorere Einstein postulate (he rite ki te tere o te marama rohe tere), te hopoia irahiko mohio katoa e pā ana ki ia atu, e ratou i roto i tekau mitamano ranei tekau parsecs motu. He mōhio mīharo o te mea kei te te tahi atu mahi i ia matūriki. Ehara i kōrero, e kore e. Ehara i taunekeneke. tohu Ehara i ngaro. Just te whakawāhanga o ratou halá. Ko te aha tamata ia ki te whakamārama ki te ao Rawiri Böhm: he ao holographic, holographic.

Just i etahi atu taumata o mooni, pea hohonu, enei matūriki - ngā kore takitahi, engari i roto i te meka ko nui atu mahu'inga te tumu parau o te roha. He he he taumata o mooni, huna i a matou, ahu nui. e kore e wahi motuhake nga matūriki, he mata ratou. Ko e uouangatahá e kitea, me te holographic, ngā mooni tinana katoa o phantoms, a mau tatou i roto i te ao - tika he ngä. E kore tatou tino ano i roto i te vairaa mau e te tīariari. He aha te tino te maua e te Hologram ao - e kore tetahi tangata e mohio. Hei tauira, he kopu i roto i nei mea putake katoa i roto i tenei ao, a ka kei reira nga matūriki timatanga katoa, ki te tāpiri i tetahi - i whā hukarere ki quasars, i hihi kama ki aihe puru. kia pai kia te reira e te holographic - noa te taumata o te ao, tetahi o nga takahanga o te kunenga ao.

He aha te wā

Noatia, He pākiki iwi. Ratou "ite" tenei natula halá katoa o nga taputapu. karu tō contrived i Hannover, titiro ngaru tō me ētahi atu rerekē wāhi-wā meinga e ngā wāhi supermassive. Io, kihai i kitea tetahi e poipoi. Heoi, ko te take i kitea: reo ke ata pūoko, kopikopiko i rau e toru ki te rima rau Hertz, e, fakanatula, i hanga te mahi i te reira. kihai i kitea te pūtake haruru, ki te kahore te ingoa Fermi Laboratory ue'i.

Ko reira tika ki te whakaaro i te parau tumu holographic, e whai ake nei spacetime te kore tonu, he mea he kohinga o moroiti-watersheds, he zornyshek ahua, spacetime aronui. Taputapu i roto i Hanover kia tika e kitea he rerenga atu rerenga korehau e puta i te wāhi hihi rohe. tutuki karu ki runga ki te herenga o te wāhi-wā, me te ka mau i tenei herenga taketake o te reo. Na tawhiti, hāngai te tātaitanga ki te tohu o te karu whātata pūkite. Ko te ao i runga i te mimiha o whakatuwheratanga, neke atu i te rahi. Tatou, a katoa e karapoti ia tatou - te tokonga ...