Pākawa Lead. āhuatanga matū, te whakamahi o

pākawa Lead - ko te pūhui pararopi ia te tātai e whai ake nei: Pb (NO3) 2. I roto i te āhua noa ko te paura ma tioata taekore ranei. Tenei taonga ko tino wairewa i roto i te wai.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

1. Ko reira pai wairewa ki absorption o wera ki H2O (wai), painga - i roto i te hauwaiwaro, me te methyl me Ethyl waiwaihā.
2. hanga te reira i tioata te huitahi diamagnetic, kiato 4,530 g / santimetr³. Ia ngota Pb (mata) karapotia e ma rua ngota o e (hāora). Pb-e te roa here o 0,281 nm, a KORE - 0.127 nm. He pūnaha pūtoru. no Pa3 ki te rōpū wāhi. ano whiwhi puka monoclinic i anake momo pūtoru e ara ka wera ruarua wairewa i roto i H2O (te wai).
3. pāmahana rewa Lead o 600,65 K.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki ārahi pākawa

e kore e kitea i tenei taonga i roto i te natura. Na reira, kua whakawhanakehia iwi etahi tikanga (ahumahi me te taiwhanga), e kua heke ki te whakakāhoretanga o te mata (Pb), tona waihā waikura ranei i roto i te memeha te waikawa hauota. tauhohe:
3Pb (mata) + 8HNO3 (waikawa hauota) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (pākawa mata) + 2NO (tukua hauota waikura te rite hau) + 4H2O (wai);
PbO (waikura mata) + 2HNO3 (waikawa hauota) = Pb (NO3) 2 (pākawa mata) + H2O (wai);
Pb (OH) 2 (waihā mata) + 2HNO3 (te waikawa hauota) = Pb (NO3) 2 (mata dinitrate) + 3H2O (te wai).

I roto i te tikanga ki te pehi i te paparetanga me te whakaiti i te memehatanga o mata dinitrate waikawa hauota kia tangohia ki te taikaha.

Ano, whiwhi mata dinitrate rite te byproduct i te purenga o te waikawa ururua, waikawa hauota, hei tauira, ka tukatuka ururua wheketere mata-bismuth. I muri, Kei te whakamahia te pūhui mō te cyanide wīra o te koura.

He aha e nga āhuatanga matū whai pākawa mata

1. I roto i te wairewa o te pākawa mata dissociates ki ng ngota pākawa me tīhiko mata. Tenei te aha tenei tauhohenga:

Pb (NO3) 2 (mata dinitrate) = Pb2 + (te māraa mata) + 2NO3- (hauota waikura anion)

Ko te otinga ko te dinitrate mata hydrolyzed. A, no te e whakaputaina he NO3- nui nitratokompleksy te taikaha: [Pb (NO3) 6] 3-, [Pb (NO3) 4] 2- me [Pb (NO3) 3] -. Ki te gidronitraty te pH o te hua otinga, hanga te hua ko Pb (OH) x (NO3) y hanganga tāupe. Etahi o ratou i te wa ano taratahi i roto i te āhua mārō.

2. Mai dinitrate mata he pūhui wairewa, he reira taea ki te whiwhi i te tauhohenga utu e whai ake nei:

2HCl (waikawa pūhaumāota) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (tīwharawhara pūhaumāota mata) + 2HNO3 (te waikawa hauota);
H2SO4 (waikawa pungatara) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (tīwharawhara pūkawa mata) + 2HNO3 (te waikawa hauota);
Pb (NO3) 2 (mata pākawa) + 2NaOH (konutai waihā) = Pb (OH) 2 (tīwharawhara waihā mata) + 2NaNO3 (konutai pākawa);
Pb (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (konutai azide) = Pb (n3) 2 (azide mata, tīwharawhara) + 2NaNO3 (konutai pākawa).

Tetahi pūhui matū kei roto i te māraa ļa mata (Pb + 2) ka ariu ki te otinga i roto i i te anion ko konutawa. hanga tenei te hohenga o te tae kōwhai-karaka (Pbl2, konutawa mata). rite tenei tauhohenga titiro reira:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

Ko te tauhohenga whakawhiti taua i roto i te wāhanga mārō. Hei tauira:

Pb (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (pāhare pāporo) = Pbl2 (tīwharawhara) + 2KNO3 (pāhare pāporo pākawa)

Ko te whakamahi o te pākawa mata

- whakamahia rite te rauemi tīmata mo te hanga o te nuinga o te tahi atu pūhui o Pb (mata);
- hei inhibitor o waerau nairona me ētahi atu ngā pūhui, rite he rodenticide, i roto i coatings o te pepa fototermograficheskoy;
- rite te pākawa mata - te e whakamahi nei dovolno pūhui mōrearea i roto i te rängai ahumahi atu pūhui. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanga o peita, kēmu me pahū whakarerea tino pūhui ārahi.
- i roto i te taiwhanga o te pākawa mata whakamahia te rite te puna pai, me te watea o te dinitrogen tetroxide;
- ngā tata i roto i te tino iti rahinga o te pūhui matū e whakamahia ana i roto i te cyanidation koura.
- i roto i te Organic Chemistry, Pb (NO3) 2 whakamahia te rite te āpitihāora, ki te whiwhi i te dithiocarbamate o isothiocyanates. reira e tika ana ki tona tāoke teitei whakamahia te iti me te iti.

haumaru

whakarōpūtia pākawa Lead te rite 2A kāwai (pea carcinogenic ki te tangata pūhui). inhalation Kāore o au paitini paitini tona ingestion me whakapā ki te kiri mucosa ranei ranei. kia puritia dinitrate mata i raro i te mana. Matū paihana ki tenei pūhui arata'i ki poisoning, gliomas me mate pukupuku tākihi, roro me te pūkahukahu.