Āhuatanga Chemical o ngā waiwaro rua (olefins)

Olefins - waiwaro e muingota kua kotahi here rua. I te tahi taime i huaina te pūhui hakari waiwaro raupapa ethylene. Kei te ngāwari te here rua i roto i te rāpoi ngota tāutuhia e te tātari spectral.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko o ngā waiwaro rua

Ko te toru ngā mema tuatahi o te raupapa huirua o ngā waiwaro rua - hau. Mai i te rima ki te tekau ma ono - wai, tiketike waiwaro rua taimaha rāpoi - totoka. Ki te piki me te whakanui ake i te waiwaro mekameka roa ira e koropupu matū. I roto i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga, e taea te whiwhi enei matū i roto i te maha ngā huarahi: i te dehydrogenation o ngā waiwaro rua mā te hangai hinu, dehydrogenation o waiwaihā.

Hangai o te hinu - tikanga ahumahi o te whakaputa waiwaro hamanga. Ka rite ki te hua, waiariki hinu hangai wera ki te 750 nekehanga, pakaru te te kōhiwi pūwaro waiwaro tahi:

S30N62 → S15N30 + S15N32

Dehydrogenation o waiwaro. kawea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i te pāmahana o e pā ana ki 600 nekehanga. I raro i enei tikanga, te waiwaro muingota kukū e H ngota e piri ki te hanga i ngā waiwaro rua, hei tauira: → S5N12 S5N10 + H2.

Maroketanga o waiwaihā. waiwaihā Monohydric pāhekoheko ki te waikawa pūkawa puka waiwaro rua, hei tauira: S4N9ON → C4H8 + H2O.

āhuatanga matū o ngā waiwaro rua e pā ana ki te aroaro i roto i to ratou muingota te here rua. Te kiato irahiko i waenga i nga ngota, he teitei ake i taua i waenganui i nga ngota C hono e kotahi here i te here rua. Ko te momo matua o tauhohenga, e haere mai waiwaro rua - rironga, tahi e te pi-whati e tika ana ki te hanganga o rua here sigma hou. tomo Olefins ki te tauhohe polymerization, e te hoki tahi e te wāhinga o rua here.

āhuatanga matū o ngā waiwaro rua: hono halides

Olefins tāpiri ratou noa ki te hauwai kōnakonako muingota, ko te kupu hanga monogalogenoproizvodnye (hei tauira S10N20 S10N21S1 → HC1 +). A, no te piri ki ngā waiwaro rua i hanga H2O kukū waiwaihā monohydric (S10N20 + H2O → S10N21ON).

waiwaro rua tahu

I ngā e oxidized pāmahana teitei i raro i olefins O2 (tahuna) ki C02 me H20. Waiwaro rua, te pāhekoheko ki te pāhare pāporo ki te hanga i te waiwaihā dihydric (glycols).

āhuatanga matū o ngā waiwaro rua: polymerization olefin

whakaatu waiwaro te aroaro he hehema nui ki polymerization tauhohenga. Tikanga, te polymer - ko te mekameka roa ki tukurua wae hanganga (waetahi). kia tīmataria tēnei tukanga i roto i te maha ngā huarahi, engari i roto i te nuinga o te wā ko reira he mekameka, ka pā ana ki te tukanga tuwhena, cationic anionic ranei free.

āhuatanga matū o ngā waiwaro rua: polymerization cationic

catalyzed tenei momo o te tauhohenga e waikawa. hono iraoho olefin, hanga he carbocation. Na ka whai te tiaki whakamutunga i runga i te pi-sitemu tetahi muingota me ngā puka carbocation waiwaro rua ki roa he mekameka, e patu te rāpoi ngota olefin e whai ake nei, me ētahi atu Ka rite ki te hua, te pana o te iraoho ranei tetahi atu tukanga, te "tinei" tiaki carbocation, puta he ara iahiko tuwhera. A, no te hanga e anionic anion polymerization tauhou e whakaekenga nucleophilic o te olefin anion X-. A, no te piri wehenga mekameka iraoho. Me kï reira e te polymerize noa-tuwhena te nuinga o waiwaro hamanga. kia tenei tukanga e kōkiri H202, peroxides organic, hydroperoxides, me ētahi atu puta Open ara iahiko e tika ana ki te tauhono o Radicals. I roto i ētahi wā, mō ngā waerau waiwaro rua whakamahia copolymerization tauhohenga. I roto i te copolymerization, he polymer kei ngā wahi, tauutuutu i te macromolecule i roto i te ara tetahi. Ko te hua tauhohenga whiwhi copolymer. ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te pūkaha o e takoto nga pūhui reira matua i te tikanga o te whakarerekētanga o ngā waeine timatanga, me te momo me te nui o nga waetahi ngā i roto i te mekameka waerau.