Ko te mahi o DNA me tona hanganga

I te ngakau o nga pūtau ora o kaiao mahi faufaa he mahi o waerau koiora, waikawa karihi, te warowaihā, pūmua me lipids. Biopolymers ngā o waetahi, hanganga pūwaro, ano nei ngā hauota, te hāora, whanariki me ūkuikui.

I roto i te rau tau 19, tīmataria te ako o te hanganga o ngā matū i e kėia he pūtau ora, engari te mahi o te DNA, pūmua, RNA, a i te mutunga takoto ratou hanganga i roto i te rau tau 20.

Friedrich Miescher i te tau 1868, taratahi i te karihi pūtau leukocytes phosphorous a huaina nukleina reira. Na ka whakaritea Richard Altman i 1889 e ngā tenei taonga o waikawa motuhake, me te pūmua. Na ka hoki te wa tuatahi, ka rongo e pā ana ki te wā "waikawa karihi". Heoi, ki te whakatū i te mahi o waikawa karihi i tonu i tawhiti atu.

DNA - waikawa deoxyribonucleic - ko te waerau koiora nui tito o waetahi rau - deoxyribonucleotides. I roto i to ratou hanganga anake huka (deoxyribose), ngā 4 momo o nucleotides: adenine - A, thymidine - T, cytosine - C, guanine - G.

whakaaro te wā tuatahi i te waikawa karihi DNA o mai i te kararehe, mai i taratahi ai i te thymus o kararehe, a ka i taratahi RNA i te tupuranga witi - huawhenua. I whakapono te reira e i muri i te rerekētanga matüora i waenganui i iwi pūtau i kitea teny me kararehe. Heoi, i roto i te waenganui o te rautau rua tekau i kitea e ratou e RNA me ngā DNA i roto i ngā pūtau katoa.

timata tonu hanganga ako waikawa karihi Erwin Chargaff, i roto i 1953 i kitea e nucleotides e he wahi o te waikawa ingoa taua puka ki auautanga tino takirua.

tango tonu te hononga kotahi pyrimidine me purine turanga o tetahi, T = C, A = T. Ko, herea adenine ki thymidine me guanine - ki cytosine.

A, mo te nui e te hononga i roto i te take tuatahi whakarato hauwai 2 takirua, me te rua o te mahi DNA - toru.

whakamatauria ture a Chargaff turanga i runga i nei hanga Watson me Crick hanganga o te helix rua DNA.

I roto i tenei rāpoi ngota, me te rite i roto i ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua, rerekē tuatahi, ngā hanganga tuarua, me te tuatoru.

Ko te hanganga tuatahi - he raupapa rārangi o waetahi i roto i te mekameka taua.

O te akoranga, i roto i te āhua o te DNA i roto i te mekameka kotahi e kore e puta, engari i konei e korero tatou e pā ana ki te hanganga tuatahi o biopolymers, e tautuhi ana katoa o ona āhuatanga.

hanganga Tuarua - he āhuatanga mokowā o te Biopolymer. I roto i te take o te DNA ko reira he polynucleotide mekameka e rua, i ia o nei whiri te i roto i te helix tika, a ka e wā kotahi e rua whiria i roto i te aronga tākaraka e pā ana ki te tuaka noa. E tū ēnei mekameka muri ki te ope o te hauwai hononga. Ko te hanganga tuatoru o nga rāpoi DNA helix tautuhi anō.

He taahiraa nui mua i hanga ki te kitea e te mahi o DNA ko ki te whakawhiti me te rokiroki o te mōhiohio ā-ira. Kei DNA te hōtaka iranga o te hanganga o te pūmua, motuhake mo ia rauropi. Ratou, me ki te rāpoi RNA kawe i te mōhiohio iranga i rauropi ki kaiao. te kawenga mō te te whakatinanatanga, me te mōhiohio iranga hoki te DNA. E whai wāhi ana ratou i roto i ngā tukanga tuhi, tukuruatanga me translation, ko te kupu whakarite i te kōtuitui o ngā pūmua.