Ontology - he parau haapiiraa taumauri o ratou ngā

Ontology - he uiui taumauri ki te āhua o te oraraa, hoko he mooni, nga kāwai taketake o te oranga, me ratou hononga. I ngā wā e whakaaro reira he wahi o te taua ahumahi taumauri rite metaphysics. te mahi Ontology ki ngā take e te tīariari, me pehea e taea te whakarōpū enei hinonga rite ki te aroākapa noa, wehea rite ki ngā ritenga me ngā rerekētanga. I tua atu ki te ontology taketake e pā ana ki te ture ao o te ora, i reira e maha iti-wāhanga, he rite tona ahanoa te ari ngā (hei tauira, ontology o te ahurea).

hanga te kupu "ontology" kei runga o nga pakiaka Kariki "Ontos", e te tikanga "mea; he aha te mea te reira ", me te" logos ", arā "Pūtaiao, ariā, rangahau." A, ahakoa te mea o takenga Kariki, kitea te whakahua tuatahi o te kupu i roto i te tuhinga tuhituhia i roto i te reo Roma. I roto i te reo Ingarihi puta te reira i roto i te papakupu Natanielya Beyli i 1721, tautuhia nei rite "he whakaahuatanga waitara o te oraraa." Tenei, o te akoranga, haapapu e i te wa ko kē te kupu i roto i te whakamahi.

I roto i te rapunga whakaaro analytic ontology - te ako, mahi nei i roto i te whakatau i nga kāwai taketake o te a ui, "te tīariari i" i roto i te mea tikanga e taea te āhuatanga o tenei kāwai. Tenei ako e hāngai ana te anake, kahore whakaaro he ki te kitea i roto i, hei tauira, te āhuatanga takitahi me ngā meka e pā ana ki etahi hinonga.

E ngana ana ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o te ontology, etahi philosopho, rawa Platonists, tonu e ingoa katoa (tae atu ki ngā tūingoa waitara) tirohia ki te mau ngā. wero Ētahi atu philosopho tenei e aki ana i te tirohanga e kore e hāngai tonu tūingoa ki taata, engari etahi o ratou whakapae te tohutoro ki te rōpū o ngā rite ari ranei. E ai ki te hou, te hinengaro, hei utu o tuhu ki mea, e pā ana ki te rōpū o te tītohu hinengaro, tangata mātanga. Ko te kupu, e pā ana ki te kupu "hapori" te ki te whakapakoko ngā o te iwi e whai tahi mau huru maitatai, engari te kupu "āhuahanga" e pā ana te ki te mahi hinengaro motuhake.

I waenganui i enei tirohanga, e tohu ana talena me nominalism, i reira e rave rahi atu ngā o tirohanga, engari tetahi ontology - ko te pūtaiao, e kia hoatu he whakaaro o te mea te ariā tirohia ki mooni, he aha - e kore, no te aha te take me te aha ngā kāwai to tatou rite te hua. A, no te tā te ako rite ariā rite wāhi, te wā, te take, te oaoa, whakapā, te mana, me te atuatanga, riro faufaa i roto i te pā ana ki maha manga taumauri ontology.

Ko te kupu, he ontology - he whakaako taumauri, he parau tumu e mea faufaa ko te raruraru o te rite taua. He aha te he, me te aha e taea te huaina te tīariari? Ka taea e wehe ahau mea ki ngā kāwai, ka ki te pera, he aha? He aha te mea te auraa o te ora, te uara o mea? whakaaro Various puta noa i te hītori o te kaupapa hoatu rerekē whakautu ki enei pātai, e ai whakaata i te āhua o te wā ahurea ranei.