Waikawa karihi - te kaitiaki o te mōhiohio ā-ira

waikawa karihi (karihi - matua) - ngā pūhui matū waro, e kua e pā ana ki te oraraa o te tukanga taketake katoa o mea ora. E ēnei biopolymers tuatahi tāutuhia e F. Miescher (1968) ki te karihi leukocyte. A iti i muri mai, i tāutuhia te waikawa karihi i roto i nga pūtau katoa o te tangata, kararehe, me ngā tipu, papapūata me huaketo. Ko te kupu, ka whakamatauria ai e enei pūhui koiora i roto i roto i ngā kaiao pūtau katoa, ko nga kawe matua o ngā mōhiohio tuku, e whai wāhi i roto i te biosynthesis o pūmua o te rauropi.

whakaaturanga waikawa karihi

waikawa karihi e prosthetic rōpū nucleoproteins. Ko nga hua mutunga o to ratou paparetanga - purine me pyrimidine turanga, pentose me te waikawa phosphoric. Ko te hanganga matū wehewehe deoxyribonucleic (DNA) me te waikawa ribonucleic (tuipūmua). ngā te hanganga o DNA te hukatahi - deoxyribose, i roto i te te RNA - ribose. rerekē ēnei pūhui i te tahi atu ia turanga nitrogenous, o te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota, localization pūtau, me te mahi.

Pūhui rāpoi ngota arā, o purine turanga pyrimidine ranei me te pentose (ribose, deoxyribose), ka karanga nuklozidami. whakaritea Taitara nuleozida pūhui nitrogenous e ngā i roto i tona hanganga. Hei tauira, he nucleoside e ngā adenine huaina adenosine, guanine - guanosine, cytosine - cytidine, uracil - uridine, thymine - thymidine. Tei runga i te warowaihā e hanga ake nga rāpoi wehewehe rubonukleozidy me deoxyribonucleosides.

Haunga taketake turanga nitrogenous, waikawa karihi   Kei roto atu   a pera-ka karanga turanga iti o te raupapa purine me te pyrimidine (1-methyladenine, dihydrouracil, 1-methylguanine, 3 methyluracil, pseudouridine et al.).

Nucleotides he hākawa Phosphate o nucleosides. Kei te rāpoi ngota o te purine nucleotide ranei turanga pyrimidine, pentose (ribose deoxyribose ranei) me te toenga waikawa phosphoric e herea ki te ngota Carbo pentoses rima o te toru ranei.

hanganga waikawa karihi, me te mahi.

Kei te piri tahi nga nucleotides takitahi i roto i tenei puka di-, tauro, tetra-, penta-, hexa, hepta me polynucleotides, i.e. waikawa karihi. E tito waikawa karihi o rau ranei mano o nucleotides takitahi e kua piri tahi e te rōpū hydroxyl, kei tata ana te 3'-th ngota Carbo pentose o tetahi nucleotide ki te waikawa phosphoric wäriu kei e te tata i te 5 th ngota Carbo pentose o te nucleotide muri.

DNA Ko te rauemi ira tuatahi o ngā pūnaha katoa e noho ana koiora. I roto i te rauropi anake huakita me te huaketo, kua paetata reira i roto i te karihi pūtau. kukū te nui iti o te waikawa i roto i te pungaraungao me chloroplasts.

Kua waikawa Ribonucleic tāutuhia i roto i tata nga hautanga pūtau. hāngai te nui rahi o RNA te i roto i te wāhanga ribonucleoprotein - ribosomes. Me mea te reira e te nuinga o RNAs roto i te cytoplasm, me 10-15 anake% ko wāhanga o te pata.

RNA i runga i localization pūtau, mahi koiora, taimaha rāpoi wehea ki ngā momo e toru: ribosomal, waka me te kopu.

RNA Ribosomal paetata i roto i granules cytoplasmic ribosomes wahi e herea mau ratou ki te pūmua. E āhuatanga ratou i te pauna rāpoi tiketike. E kitea Transport RNA te nuinga i roto i ngā pūtau hyaloplasm, te inu karihi i roto i pungaraungao me chloroplasts. E ratou he iti taimaha (40 mano. Daltons) rāpoi. Ratou mahi matua ko te waka o waikawa amino whakahohe i waikawa amino matatini - MAORI whākōkī ki te pae o te kōtuitanga pūmua, arā, ki te ribosomes. Kua whakaaturia ngā Scientific e ia waikawa amino he ona ake tRNA takitahi. I reira, i reira e neke atu i te 60 ngā momo o te whakawhiti RNA.

Waikawa tuipūmua karere (karere RNA). Ia rāpoi ngota mRNA i roto i te kōtuitanga i roto i te karihi e tango mōhiohio i te DNA me whakawhitinga reira ki te ribosomes te wahi e whakatinana ai ki pūmua biosynthesis.