Karl Kautsky - German ohanga, kōrero me te tangata tohe

I roto i te ao o te ariā ohaoha noho i te wahi motuhake economists Tiamana, philosopho. Ko tētahi o nga tangata tino faahiahia o tona wa ko Karl Kautsky. Ana mahi i nui i roto i noa ki nga mahi o Marx, engari i te maha o ngā āhuatanga motuhake e hanga nga whakaaro o te tangata tohe Tiamana i roto i tona ara ake ahurei. whakahaere ia ki te kukume maha kaitautoko me he hāngai tonu etahi o tona mahi. Na inaianei nga kau taki matau-parirau i roto i to ratou pukapuka whakamahi whakaaro e kua wewete e Karl Kautsky.

biography

Ko te ora o te ohanga i mua nei tīmata i roto i Prague tahito e ko te wahi whanau tenei tangata nui i roto i 1854. I taua wa, Central Europe arahina ora tika ata, a ka whakataetae ona whare mātauranga ki ngā whare wānanga o Ingarangi rongonui. riro Karl Kautsky te mātauranga pai i te University o Vienna. I tonu te ākonga, ngā ia nga whakaaro o nga te mua, me te kia maheni ki te tohi o Karl Marx. Mai te mutunga o 1870, ngā ia nga whakaaro o Marxists maha. I roto i ngā, tīmata pātai ahuwhenua pera-ka karanga tona moni me ki peculiarities o te mahi kaupapa, me te mana o te revisionism. Tūnga ētita tino rongonui moheni «Die Neue Zeit» whai wāhi ki te horapa o ngā whakaaro-pāpori i roto i te Central me Western Europe, ahakoa tohu ana kaipānui i roto i etahi pedantry o tona mahi, me te taumaha mo scholasticism pūtaiao.

whakatö-o Marxism

I roto i te 1885 -1888, noho Karl Kautsky i London, te wahi i ia i roto i te whakapā tata ki Engels me ngā kaitautoko o Marxism. Mai 1890, oho ia ki Germany, te wahi tonu ia ki te whakaputa i nga pepa i runga i ngā āhuatanga ngā o Marxism. hanga kaiako taranata me virtuosity ko tino rongonui i roto i nga kaitautoko o nekehanga-pāpori, me te tuwhena mahi poto o Kautsky. I roto i ana mahi tātari o te Thomas More me tona dystopia (1888), "Comments ki Eksfurtskoy Program" (1892), "Antecedents Hapori Hōu (1895).

Kautsky ko Karaitiana

Ko tētahi o ana mahi, te ohanga Tiamana, me te filōsefa i oti rawa ki te putanga me te whanaketanga o te tino nui-tauine kaupapa fakalotu o tona wa - Karaitiana. I roto i tona pukapuka, e ai ta Kautsky e pā ana ki te take ōhanga, me te pāpori e whakatau hiahia o te hapori mo te whakapono hou, whakamārama te faufaa o te mau hītori me te monotheism Hurai, whakawhetai ki nei ka whakatika Karaitiana rite te karakia motuhake. Ko te mahi "te Origin o Karaitiana" i tino mauruuru e hono to'utangatá, ahakoa, a inaianei ai te rota o te totohe i roto i whakapono, me te i roto i atheists.

mahi ōhanga

He tātaritanga taipitopito o te whanaunga ōhanga i pupuri e ia i roto i 1887. "Te Economic Tokāteline o Karla Marksa" Ko pea te mahi tino rongonui o tenei kaiputaiao. I roto i te reira whakatakoto ana te reo wātea, me te mārama i roto i nga ngā matua o te rongonui "Capital". Places i reira whakamārama ana Kautsky te ariā o te whakapaipai, whakarato mārama whakapakoko o toi wātea ki te iwi matara rawa atu i te mātauranga ōhanga.

rāngai agrarian

whakaaro o te moni i roto i te ahuwhenua i tīrama whakakitea i roto i te pukapuka o Karl Kautsky, "te pātai agrarian." Tenei whakaahua ana ia i te ngā matua āta kua e whakawhanakehia e pā ana ki te whenua rangatiratanga mo te wa roa: i te pūnaha ōhanga feudal ki te wā hou o te moni matatau. Economist taea ki te streamline me whakaahua rauemi tauanga German, i te taha o te wa putu papatipu nui. I roto i tona mahi, e hāngai ana Kautsky te i runga i raraunga e pā ana i ngā rangahau, me tatauranga whakahaere i roto i Ingarangi, France, USA, Germany. Ko te rere maeneene o te kōrero o te tīmatanga o nga whanaunga feudal ki ahuwhenua hou whakaatu pehea kua tipu ahuwhenua i roto i te wa poto i te patereareha ki te akomanga pūtaiao, ki te whakatutuki i hua mōrahi. tona whakaaroaro ana katoa tino takoto i runga i te tātai o Marx me ana otinga ōhanga.

Haerenga mai i te whakaaro o te Marxism

I te timatanga o te rau tau i whiwhi ai atu me te ake rongonui te whakaaro o te tonotono proletarian. Ko te whakaaro o te huri hanganga ōhanga, me te whakatangi i te II Congress o te RSDLP, i timata i roto i te tau 1903 i roto i Brussels, a ka tonu ki te mahi i roto i Rānana. Kua tata i aru Kautsky nga hui o nga mangai, engari i roto i tona whakawa ka mau nga Mensheviks (te anti-Iskrists). I tenei take, whakaputaina e rave rahi mahi i tuhituhia i roto i te wairua o Marxism Karl Kautsky. I roto ia ratou i "te Ara ki Power", "Te Silaví me Revolution." tirotirohia mahi ohanga Tiamana i VI Lenin, e faahitihia i maha a ratou i roto i ona korero. tuhinga Lenin kōrero a Kautsky i maha whakaputaina i roto i te "Iskra".

I mua i te Pakanga o te Ao

ö äta o te whakaaro o Karl Marx hanga Kautsky neke atu i te whakaaro o te pakanga pāhoro, me te kaupapa mahi-piha. fakahoko ia he kaupapa here o te houhanga rongo ki te ngā revisionists. Otiia, e kore tenei i mutu ia i roto i tona mahi ki te tautoko i te kaupapa o te Liquidators roto te Russian Social-Democrats. Ia whakakahore ano nga parau tumu o Party o kaupapa Marxist, te aufauraa i takoha ki ngā momo o te mautohe neorganizatsionnym. hapori Scientific o tona mahi e ngana ana ki te tahi-te tīariari ki kore-Marxist whakaaro taumauri. Kei te pangia whakaaro o Kautsky nui huringa. Moving atu i te tirohanga pāhoro o Marxism, tamata ia ki te whakamārama me te whakatairanga i te mau parau tumu o te pāpori-chauvinists.

Kautsky i roto i 1917

I roto i te tīmatanga o 1917, he tika wāhi i roto i te hanga o te rōpū hou, nei whakaaro ia tino ngā Kautsky. Ko reira kua ngā he motuhake Social-Democratic Party o Germany, i te mea tonu i roto i te taka noa tuatahi o ngā pōtitanga i te rota o ngā pōti. Ko te Oketopa Revolution, Kautsky ähua rawa tōraro ki te whakahē i te tuku o kaimahi mana me peasants, i te tiaki i te mau parau tumu o te manapori bourgeois.

I te wa o te pōuri tōrangapū nui i roto i Germany, tonu e ia he akoranga o te houhanga rongo i waenganui i te moni me te whakaaro-pāpori. Ko te tūranga o te pūtaiao Tiamana i roto i te mea arotakehia i roto i te taipitopito, ka whakahē VI Lenin, i roto i tona tuhinga "Ko te heke te Proletarian Revolution me Kautsky."

Ka rite ki maha tupu, nga whakaaro o te tangata tohe Tiamana Kua mārō tona kaihanga. I roto i te pou-pakanga ko Germany te pūnaha capitalist tino. tamaiti tino (Social Democratic Party) Kautsky o te kitea ngā āhuatanga ri'ari'a. A, no te fascism i roto i Central Europe titiro ake, kua kore i tino mohio Kautsky ki te mea nunu'a whakamataku kia meinga tenei. I roto i 1938, i roto i tona Vienna aroha ai ka haere mai nga kau Nasí, ka a Karl Kautsky ki te neke ki Prague me ka ki Amsterdam, i reira oti ia tona mahi.