General Walter von Reichenau: haurongo, ngā whakatutukitanga, me te hītori

Field Marshal o Nasí Germany Walther von Reichenau (Walter von Reichenau) ko tetahi o te torutoru rangatira hōia matua o te Wehrmacht, e tautoko kaha te kau Nasí. I roto i te pakanga, ko ia te rangatira o te Army 6. Ko reira ka mau ia ia, me ana hoia Paris i 1940, me te Kiev me Kharkov i 1941.

biography

whanau Walter Reichenau i Oketopa 8, 1884 i roto i Karlsruhe (German Empire). Ko tona papa he whānui Prussia. a Reichenau whānau pakiaka pai, a he taonga nui. I roto i te rau tau XIX, me te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XX no reira ki tetahi o nga wheketere taonga nui kei roto i Germany.

I te mutunga o 1930 faaoti te utuafare ki tahuri reira ki runga ki nga kau Nasí, e tahuri ai ki te kamupene hōia, me te anga ki te whakaputa i reira rerekē momo o taputapu mo te ope. A, no te i roto i te 1945, ka anga nga Hoa ki pahūtia te pa o Karlsruhe i te wheketere i whakangaromia rawa, a ki ngaro taua mea i te mana me te taonga o te whānau Reichenau.

I tau 18, taitamariki, faaoti Walter e e hanga e ia he mahi hōia, ka piri te ope. Tuatahi ko te reira i roto i te 1 wiki puhipuhi Prussia. E rua tau i muri mai i whakatairangatia ana ia ki te rūtene, a i roto i te tau 1912 i whakatairangatia ana ia ki te rūtene.

Ko te World tuatahi

I mua wahia te whawhai i roto i, ko Walter von Reichenau te ākonga o te Berlin Military Academy, te wahi whakangungua e ia nga rangatira katoa o te General kaimahi. Ki te pakarutanga o whawhai i runga i te Front Western, i ia ki te hoki ki tona wae, te wahi mahi ia rite āpiha ki te rangatira o te ropu. A iti i muri mai, i whakawhitia e ia ki te General kaimahi o te 47th Rahui Division.

puta Tuatahi World Walter von Reichenau ki te ana'iraa o te rangatira, engari mo te mahi angitu, i whakawhiwhia e ia te Iron Cross ahau me II tohu, Order o te Whare o Hohenzollern me te maha atu tohu o puta ke. I muri i taua, mahi ia i roto i te General kaimahi Military District, whakaturia i roto i Münster, me te rangatira o te kamupene mīhini-pū. I roto i te 1923, kua i roto i te ana'iraa o Meiha haerenga tuatahi ki Ingarangi. Hoki mai i reira, ka mau e ia he tūranga rerekē ngā kaimahi i roto i Berlin me i te mutunga o te tau 1927 ka te rangatira o te hokowhitu o Stuttgart. Mai iti iho i te rua nga tau, ka e ia he rūtene kānara.

I muri Reichenau haere hoki ki Ingarangi, engari ko tenei wa ka noho ia ki reira mo te marama torutoru. I roto i te mutunga o 1929, te haamana'o reira hoki ki Berlin, ka whakaritea rangatira o ngā kaimahi motini ki te kaitirotiro i te Tāhuhu o Communications o te Reichswehr. He tūranga puritia ia tae noa ki February 1931, e kore kua ano riro te whakarite i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Prussia. Rite kotahi tau i muri mai, riro ia tetahi atu whakatairanga me te paetukutuku o te kānara.

Kau Nasí ngakau nui Kaiāwhina

Me ahau mea e i te timatanga o Reichenau i hari ki nga whakaaro o te hapori National. I roto i te 1932, tona matua keke, he admirer nui o Hitler, whakamōhio tona iramutu ki tona whakapakoko. E, i roto i te tahuri, taunaki e te Führer heke mai o tona pai, Werner von Blomberg.

He tau i muri mai, i runga i te 30 o Hānuere, ka Adolf Hitler tumuaki o Germany. Ia e whakarite tonu Blomberg, Minita o War, a whakaurua ratou Reichenau - upoko o te tari i te Reichswehr Tāhuhu runga maui i te ana'iraa i muri o Meiha Tianara. Tino hohoro tahuri reira ki te ahua o te hono i waenganui i nga rangatira Nasí me te ope.

I roto i te tīmatanga o 1933, rihaina ia i te rangatira o mua o te ope whenua Tiamana Kurt von Hammerstein. Engari, whakaarohia reira te kaitono o Reichenau, Hitler, Hindenburg, engari mo etahi take, kaha paopao reira, ka hoatu te pou o Werner von Fritsch.

"Po o te Knives roa"

Na, Walter von Reichenau, haurongo, mahi me te timatanga o te mea i tata pā ana mahi katoa i te timatanga rawa ki nga kau Nasí, kua kaha āwhina te Führer heke mai ki te hopu mana i roto i te whenua. matau ia e i roto i te take o te tiango o te Pāti Nasí, ki tona ake mahi e kia oti ake ake. kite Reichenau e whiwhi kaha nga ngohi stormtrooper, me nga tianara Tiamana i faaineine ki ngāue ki te Rohm me ki Hitler, kia hohoro ki te hanga i te mahi ki a Goering me Himmler, rangatira o te SS. kihai i haere hoki ratou ki te hoatu i ki te kaha tonu-te whakanui ake o te SA ake. No ka runanga ki Hitler, faaoti te tokotoru e roto o tenei āhuatanga i reira he kotahi anake te ara i roto i - ki te hinga i te stormtroopers ki whakamatea Ernsta Rema.

he rite i roto i kahore wa CA i runga i te mahere toremi. O te mahi i homai te ingoa "Po o te Knives roa." Ka rite ki te hua, i riro te horoi pera-ka karanga, ka koperea e pā ana ki 150 tata CA upoko. He meka ngā ko e kore te ope i tango i te wahi i roto i tenei pakanga, pera i reira he tikanga hāngai: "! Kaua e pokanoa" A konei, mahi kotahi ano Walter von Reichenau tona tūranga mua o karere, engari inaianei i waenganui i te SS me te ope. I tua atu, kua mohiotia ai e ko e ia te tetahi e tukua te Nasí militants patu.

whakatairanga

haere mai Hitler ki te mana i muri i te matenga o te peresideni Hindenburg. whakakahoretia e ia tonu te tūranga, a ka huaina e ia te Chancellor ko Führer o te Tuatoru Reich. hoia me rangatira katoa i hohoro hoatu he oati hou, Tex hoki i tuhituhi e ia Reichenau. I mua ki tenei, oati hōia katoa piri ki te whenua, me te iwi, a inaianei fakafo'ituitui ki te Führer. Tenei oati i whakaaetia e te tupono noa, no te mea e kore e hoatu e te reira i te taea o te rangatira German ki te whai wāhi i roto i tetahi he mo Hitler ia.

Te kitenga o tenei hihiko, te Führer i roto i te raumati o te tau 1935 Ko Reichenau ki te paetukutuku o Meiha Tianara, a whakaritea ia rangatira o te 7 Military Region. I roto i te 1938, ka nekehia atu tona rangatira o mua o Blomberg i te pou o te rangatira i roto i te tino o te Ope. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, Reichenau me kore ara te maihao ki te āwhina i te hopoia tona rangatira tawhito, no te mea i runga i te wā e tūmanakohia ana e ia ki te tango i te pou. I roto i te takiwa, ka hoatu e te pou Walther von Brauchitsch, nei i whakahaua te 4 Army Group.

Me mea e ahau e kore i rite ai nga etahi, no te mea, i rite ki a ratou, ko kore rohe, me pūkoro. Ko te reira i te rōpū ope 4, ka haere ki a Reichenau tāpaetanga. Takekore ki te mea e ko te reira he fatongia nui: kua arotahi ia i roto i te ringa o te whakahaere katoa kua hanga nga ope pūkoro German, me te te hanganga o te hunga hou. Na wehenga Armoured whakahau e Guderian ko Hoth, whakahaua reira, Walther von Reichenau. whakaaro kau taki Nasí ia, ka hoatu ki runga ki te par ki a ratou.

Whakaekenga o te USSR

I roto i te kotahi tuhinga e kore e taea ki te whakaahua i te whakaora katoa i i riro e wehenga pūkoro Tiamana i raro i te whakahau a Walter von Reichenau i te timatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao. Heoi, ko tona pakanga whakamutunga i te whawhai i runga i te Soviet Union. I whakaingoatia tona ope i taua wa te 6, me te inaianei ko ia i roto i te rōpū o nga mano "Tonga" i raro i te whakahau a Gerd von Rundstedt.

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, ka mau Reichenau me ana hoia wahi i roto i te hopu o ngā mahi Kiev, Kharkov, Belgorod, Kursk. I tua atu, hoatu e ia tona ringa ki te taiao, me te toremi muri mau i roto i te mahanga o ngā hōia Soviet. I muri i te pokanga rahua i Moscow, i tonoa Rundstedt a ka whakakapi e te Reichenau, ko wai i kaha ki te aukati i te ino te hotoke o nga hoia Soviet ka noho i te tūranga e nohoia e te waenganui o te tau i muri mai.

Mate Nasí whānui

Kotahi ra January hukapapa i roto i 1942, General Walter von Reichenau, rite mua, ka haere hoki he toitoi te ata. A iti i muri mai, i roto i takirimatia te nga kaitohutohu ', ka anga ia he whawhai kino ngakau kia rite ki te hua o nei ngaro ia mahara. nga tautooraa katoa o taote ki te whakahauora ia mo nga ra e rima, e kore i angitu, na i runga i Hānuere 17, i whakaritea e te reira ki te kawe i te Marshal Field i Leipzig e manureva, here ia ki te parahiraa.

I te ara, te rererangi whai wāhi i roto i te ati, ko Reichenau, i roto i era atu mea, ko ano hoki he wharanga upoko nui. Heoi, i te ahiahi kua tukua reira tonu ki Leipzig rererangi, engari tahuri te reira i roto i taua i kua mate whānui-tau 57-tawhito Nasí.

whakaahua hītori

Nahea te ko Walter von Reichenau te tangata? "Ko te hoariri hōia o Russia" - he pukapuka Borisa Frolova, te wahi tamata ia ki te waihanga i te whakaahua hītori o te tianara Western tino rongonui nei whawhai i te wa ki to tatou whenua. E ai ki a ia, ko reira he, niwha, te tangata matao-toto, me te nanakia hihiri. maha māngeongeo tona natula motuhake, me o ratou ake whakaaro i runga i maha ngā take rautaki Hitler.

Te reira i nanakia ore whakakitea i roto i te pā ana ki te tangata o te Soviet Union i mahue he tohu pango i runga i tona ingoa. Ko tōna pāhuatanga o herehere o te whawhai me te civilians, rite pai rite te ngakau nui pūkeke ki i kawea atu e ia te tikanga "I te Komihana" Hitler korero hoki ratou. hawhe anake te tau o te kimi ana hōia i runga i te rohe o te USSR, patua ratou ringa i pā ana ki 1 miriona tangata Soviet. Taua tianara rite Reichenau me te rite, kia tino tohu te tikanga tino mōrearea, me te nanakia i te fascism.