Encapsulation - he aha te mea tenei? Encapsulation i roto i te hōtaka

Encapsulation - Ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga matua e toru o tenei hōtaka ahanoa-hāngai (OOP). Ko te atu e rua - polymorphism me te kainga tupu. Fakataha hanga ake e ratou te anga Plo i waha iho te whānui o ngā āhuatanga o ngā hōtaka tuhituhi i roto i ngā reo rerekē, mā te whakamahi i enei parau tumu e toru. reo Ahanoa-hāngai, i roto i te tahuri, e takoto ki te whai i tino ratou.

OOP Basics

Ahanoa-hāngai hōtaka i runga i nga pou e toru o tona hanganga:

• Polymorphism, ka whakahoki i te pātai o te pehea te mahi i te reo ngā hōtaka ki ngā e whai he hononga ki ia atu, i roto i te tikanga ōrite.
• Kainga, hoatu he whakahoki, pehea ko te whakaongaonga o te whakamahi o te waehere mati.
• Encapsulation, i te mea te whakahoki ki te pātai o huna i te whakatinanatanga e wahi, a ko te kupu i te tapatahi raraunga.

kupu

Encapsulation (hōtaka) - ko ki te whakamahi i ngā pūwhakakē uru i roto i te tikanga ki te huna mongamonga o waehere i te kaiwhakamahi mutunga. Raro reira, i roto i te tahuri, te tikanga te kaiwhakawhanake tupu ranei pae.

Ko te ngako o te ariā o "encapsulation"

āta te whakamāramatanga e na encapsulation auraa piri katoa wahi o te waehere hōtaka ranei. Ko te ngako o te ariā o "encapsulation" ko ki te rāwekeweke pūtohu uru. tikanga o tēnei e taea te kaiwhakawhanake whakatau i ngā āhuatanga, tikanga, a ka tuwhera ki te kiritaki-piha hei akomanga, me aha - e huna.

pūtohu uru

He pūtohu uru, i, i roto i era atu mea, Ko te ahei o te manipulyarivat encapsulation (Java hōtaka):

• tūmatanui ( "Public" - tūmatanui, tuwhera uru) - hea e rua nga akomanga o nāianei, me ngā, me ki te ao i waho;
• tūmataiti ( "prayvat" - tūmataiti, tūmataiti, wāhi huna) - katia te uru, ko te ngako o e tino te ritenga o te tetahi o mua. E whakarato ana te uru anake i te piha haapiiraa o nāianei;
• tiakina ( "protekted" - tiakina, uru hawhe-huna) - Access ki te piha o nāianei, me ona pärönaki;
• taunoa - kāore i te uru whakakē tikanga e te mara / tikanga e taea te kite i mo nga akomanga o nāianei katoa i roto i te mōkihi.

I roto i te C # reo ( "Si Sharp"), i roto i te tua ki te runga ake (anake te whakamutunga), i reira e Kaiwhakahōu tonu:

• ā-( "ā" - te uru ā-) - urutanga i roto i te whakaminenga o nāianei, uru roto ki ētahi atu wā katoa;
• ā-tiaki ( "protekted ā" - Access Parengia ā-) - uniana o rua pūtohu i tetahi i roto i nei āhuatanga kitea o e rua o ratou.

Ko te tūranga o te encapsulation

faaore encapsulation tikanga mana waho i runga i te waehere me te hē o te raraunga tāmau i roto i reira. rite tenei e whakakotahi i te waehere me raraunga ki tetahi.

Ahanoa me te encapsulation

Te whakakotahi i te whakatinanatanga o te kōwae pūmanawa me raraunga tāmau i roto i te waehere, i huaina hōtaka ko te ahanoa. Ko te ngako o tona hononga ki te encapsulation ko e taea ai te tikanga taua ki te mau tonu me te whakarite i te tapatahi o te mahi o te huarahi.

Ko te painga o te encapsulation

Encapsulation - he ara ki te faaohie i te tukanga whakawaehere. rārangi maha o te waehere e "i muri nga scenes", me i roto i te mahi piha matua kei te haere ki te whakahe wā.

Ko te whakaaro o te tiaki raraunga

Encapsulation - Ko reira ano hoki he tikanga e mōhio te whakaaro o te tiaki raraunga. hanga Program arorau hōtaka ahanoa-hāngai te i runga i te pūtake o te mea te nuinga o te raraunga ka kia huna uru whakakē tūmataiti (tūmataiti, tūmataiti) ranei tiakina (tiakina). Te ao i waho, te kiritaki noa āta ranei e kore e tūkino i te whakatinanatanga o te kōwae pūmanawa. No te mea i roto i te meka hanga reira te reira tino ngāwari ki te kore noa i runga i whakaaro, encapsulation - ko te parau tumu rawa pai tenei.

wae encapsulation

Class, rite te wae taketake o te encapsulation me whakaahua ana te raraunga Kei te waehere, e te mea e taea ki te mahi i runga i enei raraunga. Ko hoki e ia te pūtake mo te hanganga o te ahanoa. Te whakamutunga, i roto i te tahuri, te aroaro rite te tauira.

whakamahia hoki te kupu e whai ake nei:

• ngā mema - Ko te waehere me te raraunga i roto i te piha haapiiraa i tenei;
• mara ranei taurangi tauira - te raraunga pera-ka karanga e tautuhi ana i te piha haapiiraa;
• mahi mema - i roto ratou i te waehere iho. mahi Mema - he ingoa noa. He take motuhake - tikanga.

Encapsulation tauira motuhake

Encapsulation (hōtaka) tauira:

* Note:

whakaahuatanga - he whakaahuatanga o te tikanga / rawa / te ana'iraa, arā kōrero i runga i te mea mau tupu i roto i te hōtaka. Kei te faaite te reira e te tikanga o te tuwhera tūtohu / kati

te whakamahi i Pūnaha;

OOPLibrary.Auto mokowāingoa

{

///

/// tikanga tenei piha haapiiraa te ki te whakaahua mahi o te motokā

///

Aunoa piha tūmatanui

{

///

/// ki taurangi hanga i roto i te raupapa tuhituhi i roto i reira, e hia tau te motokā, mai whakaaro hira te pokanoa waho i roto i te kaiwhakawhanake rawa

/// tohua whakakē te tūmataiti, katia i.e., uru tūmataiti (kite. Ko te whakamārama i runga ake).

///

_age int tūmataiti;

///

/// He pūreana (e rua anake ngā uara ka taea - ae ranei kahore), e whakaahua ana ranei te neke i te waka i te kau

/// kia hoki kia te reira i tuwhera ki te kaiwhakamahi mutunga, te tangata ko ia. Na reira whakaritea tenei tāupe te he tūmataiti uru whakakē "prayvat"

///

_isMoving pūreana tūmataiti;

///

/// kia roto i tenei tāupe aho mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tae o te motokā. Ka taea te puta ke te reira e te awe waho

/// no te mea hoki tīpakohia te pūwhakakē tae tuwhera uru "tūmatanui".

///

Tae string tūmatanui;

///

/// I roto i tenei take ngā, amo tatou e te ingoa o te waka, rawa, e taea te puta ke

/// whakaritea he whakakē o tūmatanui (whai wāhi tuwhera mo te katoa, ahakoa o te piha haapiiraa whakaminenga ranei).

///

Ingoa string tūmatanui;

///

/// Whakatuwhera ai te hanganga o te piha haapiiraa, me ngā āhuatanga katoa o te tāupe whakahuatia, ka whakaturia he iti mua, te tiki i to ratou uara

///

Aunoa tūmatanui ()

{

_age = 5;

_isMoving = teka;

Tae = "Waiporoporo";

Ingoa = "Skoda Octavia";

}

///

/// mōhio te tikanga he uara hoki o te aunoa tau. He aha te mea e tika ana tenei?

/// kore e uru tūmataiti whakakē kia taea ai mo te huringa kiritaki.

///

/// Whakahokia te tau o te motokā.

string tūmatanui GetAge ()

{

hoki "I te kau, i te mīhini tīpakohia" + _age + "tau.";

}

///

/// Ki te kore neke te motokā, ngā tenei tikanga te tīmatanga o te kaupapa. Arowhai oboznalsya tāupe, te huru o te waka (haere ranei e kore e), ka, i runga i nga hua rānei, whakaaturia te tika mahi / karere te.

///

kau tūmatanui Tīmata ()

{

ki te (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "te kaupapa kua tīmata");

}

atu

{

_isMoving = pono;

Console.WriteLine ( "Rite, Me hoatu e .. Haere atu!");

}

}

///

/// Ki te i tīmataria te motini, mutu tenei tikanga ia. Ko te arorau hōtaka taua rite i roto i te take o mua whakaaro.

///

Kāti te kau tūmatanui ()

{

ki te (_isMoving)

{

_isMoving = teka;

Console.WriteLine ( "Kati Machine");

}

atu

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Hapa motokā, me te pera tu tonu, e kore e neke");

}

}

///

/// i whakatinana tahuri maui, ki te mea i reira te mea he waka

///

MoveLeft kau tūmatanui ()

{

ki te (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "huri mauī e mahi");

}

atu

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Hapa waka ko ko tēnei wā āhuatanga hurihanga pahoho kore e wātea ana.");

}

}

///

/// He tikanga rite ki te tahuri tika

///

MoveRight kau tūmatanui ()

{

ki te (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "Tahuri tika i whakatinana pai te");

}

atu

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Hapa te motokā e kore kua oho i te wahi tahuri tika reira te i te kau te mahi, e kore e taea ki te mahi i ..");

}

}

}

}