HTML Doctype - he aha te mea te reira? He aha e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio e pā ana ki te tūemi

No mea he aha te feia ra, te ahunga whakamua tonu ki te waiho i te āhuatanga e kore e taea te mutu. Heoi, i te he pouri nekehanga auroa ki te kari marama etahi, e mooni rumakina ētahi atu i roto i te aitua, no te mea riro te reira uaua me uaua ki te pupuri i ki te huringa ake. He tauira o taua "hao-ake" Ko nga māngai o ngaio e pā ana ki te hangarau tiketike.

Ahakoa he nui pai hāngai ki te wairua o te wa, nui atu i tetahi "Nura Baba", e manako ana ngā mōhiohio i te wiki mutunga o, engari tonu ki nui distortions te nuinga tukutuku kaihoahoa, hötaka me coders, ko ahua rerekē te mooni. Hāngai ki te taumata o te ahunga whakamua, ko uaua i roto i te mara o hangarau hou. Fakakaukau angé ki he tauira ohie: ara etahi 5-10 tau ki muri, he kaiwhakawhanake o kēmu ipurangi i runga i Adobe Flash taea te whakatutuki angitu sino, maha "hari Farmer" he tohu o taua. Heoi, i tenei ra i tenei hangarau kei te āta mate i roto i, hoatu ara ki te hou atu, engari iti iho i te nuinga o te ako o te HTML5 taketake. E te ara, ko reira HTML5, a ko tetahi o te "pūāhua" o ngā kōrero o tenei ra i oti rawa te wiki HTML-DTP.

HTML Doctype - he aha te mea te reira?

Tenei pou ki patunga o nga moni nui-tech i roto i te hangarau. He upoko tomo 90-s, e te hunga nunui e kore anake "whawhai" āhuatanga i roto i to tatou whenua, engari ano hoki he tino rawa whawhai o ngā pūtirotiro, kawea ana ki te ao noa te torutoru hua e tukua kaiwhakamahi rorohiko ki te hokai i te Tukutuku Ao Whānui. He he kotahi anake te raruraru - rongonui, i te titiro Netscape Navigator me Internet Explorer i te whārangi taua i roto i te rerekē rawa, aua, me nga kaihanga o te pae ki te hanga i tētahi whārangi tino rerekē mō ēnei hōtaka.

Standards? I roto i aua tau, ki te kōrero e pā ana ki ko ratou horihori - kua vai W3C i tona kōhungahunga, ka whakatairanga koutou IE Microsoft tikanga mohiotia e pai ki te whakaaroa ratou ake, e kore e hototahi ki pahikara tetahi. Otiia, i te mutunga o taua nanakia (mo Developers Tukutuku) tekau tau, ka hoki te āhuatanga ki noa i muri i te katoa: i reira ko e ki te kore tino etahi ahua o paerewa, engari whakaaro tonu e pūtirotiro rongonui katoa.

Heoi, ka tahuri te āhuatanga i roto i ki te kia pera i nga paerewa o te huinga me te kaiwhakanao pūtirotiro, kia hoatu ai oangé, e kore i te katoa rite. i taea e ngāwari e koe te hanga i tētahi tika rawa i roto i ngā o HTML, CSS me te whārangi DOM, engari pakeke whakakitea koutou pūtirotiro pai kahore he aha tūmanakohia koe ki te kite i.

Otiia, ka rite ki te wā i haere i runga i, ano kua pae hopea ua faaoti ngā ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te whakataetae kore anake, engari e pā ana ki te Tohungatuku, a ka puta ia - Doctype HTML. Ko te tūtohu motuhake e parau te pūtirotiro pehea kia whakaaro reira he whārangi ngā tenei.

He aha e hiahiatia i roto i te Doctype HTML-waehere?

I mua i te taeraa mai o te rawaka paerewa, i timata ki te whai i nga wahi katoa, kua tamata maha ngā o pūtirotiro ki te wahia te paraikete ki runga ia, te hanga ratou ake tikanga o huarahi ki te ngā hangarau. Ka rite ki te hua, tetahi, me te whārangi taua titiro i roto i te pūtirotiro rerekē i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Heoi, kua korerotia e tenei matou, tika e kore e whakahua i te taenga mai o nga kaihanga o ngā hōtaka mō te ngaru Tukutuku a tawhio noa, i reira ko tetahi, kahore raruraru iti harakoa.

A feruri na i te āhuatanga: koe - he kaiwhakawhanake tukutuku angamaheni 90 mutunga. Reira noa na tupu e te nuinga o te wa noho koutou i roto i te pūtirotiro whakatau Internet Explorer 4. Microsoft ki te haere mai ohorere ki o ratou hinengaro e me te hanga he atu "tika" tō pūtirotiro hou, ai kore he reira mārama rite te mea i teie nei ki te hanga i ngā pae me aha ki te mahi ki te hunga e whai kē hanga. O te akoranga, ki te whai koe i te wa nui, i taea e koe tuhituhi anō tona HTML-waehere i roto i te ara taua e hāngai reira ki te paerewa hou, engari no te mea te iwi - mea mangere.

Ko reira i tenei wāhi ko Doctype HTML te tino tika ana "tenenga." Tei runga i te aha te momo o te tuhinga kua tohua i te reira i te timatanga o te whārangi, ka whiriwhiri i te pūtirotiro te tika tino i roto i tenei take i te huarahi o te utua. Ki te kore te mea e wātea ana te Doctype i roto i te HTML-waehere, ka haere i te pūtirotiro ki aratau hototahi (te nuinga o, engari e kore e tika). Ka rite ki te hua, te taua Internet Explorer 6 (ara, ki te te kōnae okioki ia i roto i te rangimarie) i roto i te ngaro o Doctype tūtohu e mahi me te mea kei te mahi koutou i roto i tona putanga tuawha.

momo Doctype

Doctype tūtohu ngā rave rahi momo e taea te wehea ki etahi ngā kāwai. Tuatahi, whakaahua ana te reira i te momo matua o te tautohu te reo: HTML 4,01, HTML 5, XHTML 1.0 ranei XHTML 1.1. Tuarua, ia o enei reo he ona wawahanga, tuhu ki te "tau whakarea o tetahi he-te kimi" t. E. I pehea uaua ki te kia HTML-waehere paerewa W3C whakapumautia. Heoi, i roto i te take tuarua, i reira e rua okotahi - HTML5 me XHTML 1.1 kore e whai i tetahi momo me e tetahi anake ahua o Doctype HTML. Ko atu i runga i taua i muri ...

huarahi pakari: Doctype Mārō

Ki te hiahia koe ki te waihanga i HTML-waehere ōrite ki ia reta o te Pūwhaimana ture, te manawarü atu (i tua atu i te moni-whaiaro) e kia ki te whakamahi i Doctype Mārō. Ki te whakamahere koe ki te whakamahi i te atu matatau XHTML 1.0, te aho, e ka timata ia huānga kia titiro rite tenei:

Kōwhiri Doctype HTML tauira tino Public whakarite e ka tetahi ine i te paerewa kia kite e te pūtirotiro, a ka whakamahia waiho te tūtohu he te. I roto i ngā, i roto i te aratau tino, i tetahi tūtohu, ahakoa he reira he puka, image ranei atu tūemi e hiahiatia ki te kia tū i roto i te tūtohu poraka. Ki te whakatau koe ki te mahi i waho o reira, te pūtirotiro noa e kore e whakaatu tenei tūemi, me tahora hapa rārangi ki tonu ake o ngā pūkete i te tokorua.

I roto i te tua, he maha o ngā tūtohu e tukua ki te whakahōputu te kuputuhi, he hoki reira e minaminatia ki te whakakore - titau te tikanga tino te whakamahi o te CSS.

huarahi ngākau: Doctype whakawhitinga

Ki te kore e te tikanga tātauira tino kino hāngai koe koe ranei noa waia ki te haere ki te ture, i reira he tonu te taea ki te huihui ki te momo Doctype atu ngākau HTML Public. ka mau W3C tiaki o te hunga e kore e nei hiahia ana ki te hoatu ake nga peu me hiahia ki te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga mähaki, te hanga i te tauira whakawhitinga e tohu ana i te huarahi tauwhirowhiro ki te whakatauira whakamanatanga. Tenei tauira e āhei ki te tukua noa koe koe etahi wāteatea, pērā i Pākaha rāhuitia te, tūtohu tātauira, me te maha atu huarahi ki te tahora, e kore e nei ngaro hāngaitanga mai i te mutunga o nga 90.

«Soft» Doctype HTML 4 whakaaturia te rite e whai ake nei:

Hoki XHTML string ano titiro reira paku rerekē, engari kei te haere tonu i te ia whānui:

Ki te rā, ahakoa te meka e rapu ana ia coder ki ōrite te Pākaha-tātauira, he reira ko te rongonui tino he Doctype tauwhirowhiro. Otiia, he rohe nama kotahi tenei tātauira: ka Pūwhaimana "paopao" tetahi whārangi e roto i papa. Ki te hiahia koe ki te huihui ki tenei tahora tikanga, kia utu koutou whakarongo ki te muri - te tauira whakamutunga.

Mai i te whānui ki te tauwhāiti: Doctype Tūtāpare

Huarahi, ka he te tikanga rite ki taua o te whakawhitinga, Heoi, i roto i te tua ki te "wāteatea" o te runga ake, ka taea tenei tauira ki a koutou te whakamahi i papa arowhai whārangi mō tautukunga ki te tātauira Tūtāpare. Ētahi atu rerekētanga Tūtāpare kua kore, Na, e taea anake raina whakawhiti mo fanongonongo, mo te HTML 4,01 a XHTML 1.0:

Whakairo-Tapa

O te akoranga, kōrero ki te timatanga o tenei tuhinga i te tipu rongonui katoa o paerewa HTML5, tatou i taea kore wareware i te reo tautohu. E mea rerekē e whakaaro W3C te putanga taketake HTML, na ko reira te Doctype HTML 5 titiro tino tano. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, tenei whakamāramatanga momo ko e me te pūtirotiro ki te mahi ki "parakore» HTML, me aha he i tenei ra whakaaro ki hei te HTML5, i waia ki he tokomaha o te wha o nga putanga whakaaro te ki kia pea tawhitotia.

Ētahi atu momo Doctype

Ki te rā, i reira e maha ngā momo o ngā tauira Doctype, te nuinga o nei mai ki XHTML. Ahakoa kore te putanga tuarua o te reo tautohu i haere mai i roto ki te marama, hoko wahi o te HTML5 i faahitihia, rerekētanga i roto i tona putanga tuatahi, ahakoa kahore te lahi teitei, ora, me te pai.

He Doctype nui?

Pea ka tamata i te tahi tauhou "kaituhi" i roto i te HTML ki te tau'a ore i te momo whārangi pānuitanga. Well, ki te kore ratou i ako ngā mōhiohio nui i vyshenapisannogo, hoatu tatou he tauira ohie. Tenei te he whārangi tauira e whakamahi whakawhitinga-tātauira:

titiro reira rite kia titiro ai rite i runga i te whakaaro o te kaihoahoa, engari he utu tatou ki "whakapoauau» Doctype reira, a ka whiwhi tatou i te whai ake:

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, kua pehia te whārangi huringa nui: ahua mangu pepapātū, kua meinga te tahua rārangi kanohi i, etahi akomanga waiho noa CSS, i tua atu, i te whārangi "Otros" tuarua paenuku.

Tūmanako, tenei tauira ko whakamārama nui vyshenapisannogo e wātea ana te faufaa, na reira, ka taea e tatou te pupuri anake te aro ranei, i pā atu, ako ki te tuhituhi waehere e haere tino-whakamanatanga. Ngā manaakitanga ki a koutou!