Yak-9: āhuatanga me rite ki te analogues

Yak-9 - toa-rererangi, puta e te Soviet Union i 1942 ki te 1948. I whakawhanakehia te reira e te mau melo o te Tupolev Hoahoa Bureau, ka riro te toa Soviet tino nui i runga i te parekura o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao. I roto i nga tau e ono o te hanga i hanga tata 17,000 kape. I teie mahana, e ako tatou e founga te whakawhetai ki te āhuatanga o tenei tauira hei kua pera angitu.

History o te Yak-9 toa

Tenei rererangi ko te hua o te Yak-7 ao hōu me te ake tawhito Yak-1. Mai i te hi'oraa o te hoahoa, ko reira he putanga ake o Yak-7. Waho, Ko te tata ōrite ki tona mua te Yak-9, engari te kore he reira atu tino. A, no te whakahaeretia te hanga kaihoahoa rererangi tata wheako tau-rua i roto i te hanga, me te whawhai te faaohiparaa o te tauira Yak-1. I tua atu, i te wa o te hanga o te kaihoahoa rererangi hou i te whai wāhi ki te whakamahi whānui duralumin, nui atu i i te timatanga o te whawhai, ina e hapa i roto i tenei rauemi ahumahi Soviet. Mā te duralumin hoatu tino whakaiti i te hanganga papatipu. taea te whakamahi kirokaramu riro Engineers ki te whakapiki ake i te supply wahie, te tāutanga o patu atu kaha taputapu atu rere motuhake ranei.

Fighter Yak-9 ko he kaiawhina pono Soviet Air Force i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I roto i te tau 1944, i tenei mīhini i whakamahia i roto i te maha o ngā putanga, me te ko mua i roto i te maha o ngā kape o nga whawhai katoa i te hunga i taua wa i roto i te taviniraa ki te Soviet Union. Just whakaaro: i te tau te tipu Novosibirsk 153 ia ra ki te whakaputa i 20 o enei rererangi! Haunga tenei hinonga, toa whakaputaina i Moscow tipu № 82 ko Omsk whakato № 166.

ka mau te rererangi wahi i roto i ngā mahi katoa o te Soviet Air Force, timata ki te pakanga o Stalingrad. putanga katoa o te toa (me i reira ko te rota) i rere pai me ngā āhuatanga hangarau me te he kowaiwai o tetahi hē whakahaere e meinga aituā. I roto i tenei take, i te hoahoa rererangi i tino māmā, me te taunga ki te production tere i roto i te pakanga. Tata ki te katoa o nga rauemi mo te hanga o te hangaia whakaminenga i runga i-pae.

hoahoa

Origin Yak-9 toa riro pūkaha M me te tīwiri-105PF VISH-61P. Ko te tauira mō tenei tauira mahi rite te Yak-7DI. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i te tauira hou i te kawainga ko: nui o wahie, heke i 500 ki te 320 kg; te maha o waka tauā wahie, heke i 4 ki te 2; supply o te hinu heke i te 50 ki te 30 kg; whata ngaro poma mō poma whakatārewatanga waho.

Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o patu, e kore Yak-9 i rerekē i tona mua, tetahi ShVAK pū, me te kotahi pū WCD. Nā ki paerewa production iti me te mana iti pākaha o te hanga rangatū o te rererangi, he mea whakarite ki te tuku o te mātanga, tauira rere taimaha nui haere ki te 2870-2875 kg.

toa Soviet Yak-9 tataki pōto'i pai, ka ko ngāwari ki te whakahaere. I roto i te whawhai i runga i te verticals taea haere ia ki te hiku o te hoariri Mu-109F mooni i muri i te tahuri tuatahi. I roto i te whawhai i runga i te horizontals mo te nekeneke rite i nui 3-4 hohoko.

I roto i te raumati o 1943, e tika ana ki te kore o te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga, e rave rahi waka i roto i te rere whawhati te moana rakau o te parirau. i whakakorea taua hē rite meinga ratou e wātea ana i ngā rōpū motuhake o Engineers. I roto i te hanga o nga whakarerekētanga i muri o te Yak-9 toa, he arotake o nei homai te raro nei, kei te tino whakakorea te raruraru.

mahi whawhai

I tukua te tuatahi Yak-9 whawhai ki te mua i te mutunga o 1942, ka tangohia e wahi i roto i te pakanga o Stalingrad. I roto i te 1943, i roto i te deliveries papatipu tuatahi, i kitea ai he maha o kohakore e kua to'o e kauhoe tiaki i mua i te whawhai Kursk - te tuatahi, i roto i nei nga whawhai o te tauira e whakamahia ana i roto i te tau nui. I te tīmatanga o te whawhai Yak-9, i roto i te tua ki te Yak-1 me Yak-7 whakamahia 5 toa wehenga rererangi, tetahi o i ko tiaki. I te mutunga o Hōngongoi 1943 i runga i te Kursk matakoma haere mai 11 Air Corps, e ngā o toru Tuhinga o te Yak-9.

Ahakoa te whawhai irirangi tuatahi, ka reira mārama e te pai te mana te Yak-9, ka tataki pōto'i, ko te tere me te rākau o te riri whäki ia rererangi BF 109G ko FT 190A.

Putanga o te Yak-9T riro painga kounga i runga i te turanga i te wāhi o te tirohanga o patu. Ka rite ki tatauranga whakaatu-Yak 9 pau i runga i tetahi hinga rererangi hoariri toharite projectiles ërä 20 147 mm, me Yak-9T - 37 o 31-mm tītere. Ko tētahi o nga Tuhinga tuatahi i patu Yak-9T ko te 133rd GIAP. Rererangi, patu ki 37-mirimita repo, kua whakamahia pai, ara ki hoariri waka Armoured me kaipuke.

Mahi o te rererangi toa i roto i te whawhai tūturu Yak-9 whakakitea e te hua i roto i te supply wahie i roto i nuinga o te wā koretake. wahie i te taikaha he whakataimaha e kua he pānga kino i runga i te te toitü o te mīhini. Na reira maha katia cantilever tāke ki kōhao. He ahakoa, i reira ko he hiahia ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga rere i roto i te tahi mau wā o te whawhai. Na, i roto i August 1944, he rōpū o te 12 rererangi putanga o te Yak-9DD tahi e te rererangi utanga i Itari ki Yugoslavia. I tua atu, kua kawea mai te Yak-9DD ki te ārahi i rererangi i roto i "Frentik" mahi i roto i te 1944.

Mai Hakihea 1944 whawhai tauira Yak-9B i te 130 th Fighter Division, mahi i raro i te mua Byelorussian Tuatoru. i whakawhitia te nui-ara Yak-9PD ki ringa wahi Moscow VOP. I roto i te Oketopa 1944 i hanga e ia tona tuatahi i runga i te kauhanga riri Yak-9U Fighter - tomo ia mahi ki te 163rd Fighter Regiment, mahi i roto i te Baltic States. fakatātaa'i te rererangi i te whawhai tauira tupu pea koi Yak-9. I roto e rua nga marama o te whakamātautau, kua whai wāhi ia i roto i 18 whawhai, pihinga iho 28 toa FT 190A me tetahi BF 109G. I te wa taua i reira nga rua anake ngaro mīhini Soviet.

A, no te haere i te Pakanga nui Patriotic ki te wāhanga whakamutunga, te toa Yak-9, nga āhuatanga o e kua pai ake wā, hei kua tetahi o nga toa Soviet matua. Tenei tūnga puritia reira i roto i te tau kaumātua wawe. I roto i te Mahuru 1946, i runga i te tauira rererangi Yak-9 kiia hoki 31% o te hanganga o te toa rererangi USSR. I muri i te whawhai, ngā whakarerekētanga o te rererangi ki te kia whakamahia tae noa ki te timatanga o nga 1960. I tua atu ki te Air Force me rererangi manuao o te USSR, i whakamahia ratou i te ope Allied. I roto i te raumati o 1943, te Yak-9 me Yak-9D tomo mahi o te hoia French "Normandy". I roto i Mahuru o te tau e whai ake nei i whakawhiti ai ki te toa rōpū Bulgaria, i iu ki te whakakotahi anti-Hitler. I roto i te hinga o 1945 tauira Yak-9 miriona me Yak-9T whakamahia e te kaha rangi Polish i roto i Poland me Germany Northern. I tua atu, i te rererangi o te tauira e tu ana i runga i te ringa Chinese, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Te Tai Tokerau Korea ko Albania.

Yak-9: Whakatakotoranga

Ko te putanga taketake o te rererangi i roto i te tau 1942 i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Length - 8.5 m.
2. Wing Span - 9,74 m.
3. Area Wing - 17,15 m ^2.
4. Te kawenga motuhake i runga i te parirau - 167 kg / m ^2.
5. taimaha kau o te rererangi - 2277 kg.
6. Tangohia-atu te taimaha - 2873 kg.
7. Motor mana - 1180 l. he.
8. Te kawenga motuhake i runga i te mana o - 2.43 kg / l. he.
9. tere mōrahi i te moana - 520 km / h.
10. Te tere mōrahi i teitei - 599 km / h.
11. whakaturia te tiketike o te 5 km - 5.1 min.
12. wā piko - 15-17.
13. tuanui Practical - 11.100 m.
14. whānui Practical - 875 km.
15. Rākau o te riri - 1x20 mm ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm UBS.

akatuke'anga

I roto i tona hītori, te Yak-9 riro he maha nui o akatuke'anga. Te āhei ki te whakakē i roto i te whānuitanga o te momo me mīhini whakaaro whawhai ka tona āhuatanga matua. i te manureva 22 whakarerekētanga nui, 15 o nei haere ki raupapa. I roto i te mahi oti toa ki rima momo o toko, wahie tāke taatou ono whakaritenga, e whitu taatou ringa me rua momo o te taputapu motuhake. a Fighter rua faufaa rerekē i te tahi e te tahi momo parirau: whakauru me katoa-whakarewa. putanga katoa anake te Yak-9 toa turanga, te whākinga o e ta tatou i aparau, i te taupū motuhake. Kia whiwhi a maheni ki te whakarerekētanga taketake o te toa rongonui.

Yak-9D

rerekē nui haere te whakarerekē ki 480 manokaramu o supply o wahie. rite rawa te rererangi i te wha hei utu o rua wahie tāke: e rua pakiaka, me te rua papatohu. Ki tenei otinga, tona whānuitanga rere nui haere ki te 1400 km. I whakaputaina te whakarerekē i Maehe 1943 ki Haratua 1944. I roto i tenei wa, ka heke iho te nekeneke 3068 kape.

Yak-9T

I roto i tenei whakarerekētanga, i whakakapi i te repo 20 mm i 37-mm pū ki kariri projectiles 30. Nā ki te meka e te taputapu hou ko roa, i te pailati ki kia whakangaueuetia ake hoki i te 40 cm. I whakaputaina te tauira i te puna 1943 ki te raumati 1945. Kua 2748 kape i hanga mo tenei wa.

Yak-9K

Tenei putanga He pū 45-mirimita NS-45. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te kaha o te pānga, 7ts wāhanga, tāuta te oko te wahia paraire rawa. Heoi, ka pupuhi i te tiketike tere te manureva tahuri a tawhio noa, me te pairati ite tremors kaha. tūtohu kaihoahoa ki te kopere popoto o toru matā. he taimaha o 5,53 kg i pakunga Tuarua Yak-9K. I roto i te wā i April ki Pipiri 1944 i hanga 53 rererangi o tenei putanga. I roto i te anga o mau tamataraa hōia whakahaere ratou 51 whawhai, patu 8 rererangi FW-190A-8 me 4 rererangi BF-109G. I roto i tenei take, moni te mate kotahi anake toa. I roto i tetahi rererangi tātou anō i toharite i 10 rauna o 45 mm repo. kore kua e whakaritea Nā ki te kore o te tika o te hanga papatipu o patu.

Yak-9TK

Ko te rererangi o tenei putanga riro te hanganga whakapakaritia o etahi wae, me te he pūnaha whakapuru pū pokapū kotahi e taea ai whakakapinga o taputapu i roto i te mara. i hanga Fighter i te hawhe tuarua o 1943.

Yak-9 miriona

Ko te rererangi ko te whanaketanga o te tauira Yak-9D ki te takere o te tauira Yak-9T. I roto i te tua, he maha o whakapainga tenei putanga kua. e kore hoki āhuatanga rere aerobatic a i taa i te reira i te Yak-9D. Otiia i te mutunga o 1944, whakatūria te rererangi i te VK-105PF-2 engine atu kaha, i roto i nei kua meinga e ia nui atu tere me te tere o te piki. riro Yak-9 miriona kua tetahi o nga waka tino rongonui i roto i te whānuitanga tauira Yak-9 whawhai. Photos o tenei rererangi i kitea te tangata e kua te Pakanga nui Patriotic. i whakaputaina he katoa o 4239 kape.

Yak-9c

I hanga te waka rererangi e hāngai ana i runga i te Yak-9 miriona, a ka te pūkaha taua. Rerekē i tangohia te putanga taketake, tae atu ki te pū 23-mirimita NS-23 me te rua o tukutahinga pū 20-millimterovyh BS-20C. No te mea o nga hua ta'efakafiemālie o whakamātautau kāwanatanga i roto i te 1945, e kore te tauira i hoatu ki production rangatū.

Yak-9DD

I roto i te 1944, i hanga te tauira Tu-2, mō te aroturuki i kore e nui ngā rauemi tae noa hoki Yak-9D. I tua atu, e hiahiatia ana te Soviet Union i te whānuitanga plane, rere nei e tukua ki te kawe i ngā mahi whawhai i roto i te taha ki te rererangi anti-Hitler whakakotahitanga. He tauira e tika ana ko te Yak-9DD. Kua nui haere tāutanga 8 parirau tāke te kaha wahie o te tauira ki runga ki te 630 kg. I tua atu, whakarerekētia taputapu whakatangitangi me te kōrero i ki te whakarite haumaru runga i tawhiti, me te i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere kino.

whānui mōrahi Yak-9DD rere i 1800 km. Heoi, ko tona taimaha, he lekooti mo tenei piha o te rererangi - 3390 kg. Ko paerewa mō te hapu o Yak kaingārahu, toa - repo ërä 20 mm me 12.7 mm ërä pū o. whakamahia Yak-9DD rawa whānui.

I roto i te mutunga o te raumati 1944, ka haere te rōpū o te 20 rererangi ki te turanga o hoa, kei tata ana te pa Itāriana o Bari i te tikanga ki te tautoko i waka rererangi Su-47, e homai e utanga ki Yugoslavia. Hei wāhanga o te hūnuku kawea i roto i i roa rere o 1,300 km, me te wahi matua o te tawhiti haere i roto i to ratou rohe. hanga te rōpū kua 150 putaputa, e, ahakoa te kore o tūtakitanga ki rererangi hoariri, i te tino kaha. Ko reira taa'eraa e ia te Su-47 rererangi tauranga me te unloading whakamana, titau ratou whawhai aroturuki i roto i te rangi ki te kia tonoa hoki. e kore hoki te wa katoa o mahi o te rererangi i rēhitatia te kore kotahi.

Yak-9P

He he torotoro poto-whānui, e rerekē i te putanga taketake o te Yak-9, nga āhuatanga o nei tatou e matau kua, te aroaro o te kāmera irirangi i roto i te wehenga noa. Tenei pūrere taea ki a koe kopere i te teitei o te 300 ki te 3000 mita. hāngai ana te putanga tuarua o tenei whakarerekētanga i runga i te Yak-9D. Ia e kore e anake i te taputapu mo te reconnaissance, engari ko neke atu i te āhuatanga nui-tech rite te katoa ia. i hua Yak-9P i roto i ngā rahinga iti me te whakamahia i roto i ngā wāhi i reira i uaua interfaced ki te mōrea nui ranei te tūhura i ētahi atu waka rererangi.

Ahau-9B

hanga toa-rererangi Yak-9B i runga i te tauira turanga 9D. I roto i te wāhi i muri i te pailati i rite rawa ai poma kokoru tënei o wha putorino, e taea te whakanoho wha poma 100-pauna ranei wha rïpene, ia kei roto 32 anti poma tāpiripiri. timata tamataraa rererangi i roto i Maehe 1944. E ai ki nga hua o putaputa, whakangaromia te Yak-9B 29 tāke, 22 kaimahi Armoured kawe, 1.014 nekeneke waka, 161 tereina hanga motokā teihana 20 g / d, 7 pu, 18 locomotives me 4 tima wahie. I roto i te katoa, whakaputaina nga hinonga Soviet 109 taua rererangi.

Yak-9PD

Tenei Interceptor ki te motor-105PD M, supercharger me nui haere e te hawhe parirau mita. tuanui Practical tenei putanga ko 13 100 km. I roto i te 1943, e hāngai ana i runga i te Yak-9 5 o i whakaputaina enei waka, a i roto i 1944, e hāngai ana i runga i te Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

I roto i te mutunga o 1943, i hanga ai e rua whawhai i raro i te ti'araa Yak-9U: kotahi rite rawa ki te pūkaha M-107A, me te tahi atu - te M-105PF-2. I tua atu, kua pai ake te hoahoa me motupaika o te putanga turanga. i te aroaro patu tauira e rua pu pokapū (ërä 23 mm mo te pūkaha toa M-105PF-2 me te ërä 20 mm o mo te putanga ki te pūkaha M-107A o) me te rua o 12.7 millimterovyh pū. mohio nga hua o whakamātautau i roto i te Air Force Institute, he kē ki te pūkaha M-107A rite te pai o nga whawhai i i whakamatauria reira tonu. I roto i te April 1944, kua whakapumautia production papatipu o te rererangi. I roto i te hinga o 1944, i roto i te tamataraa e rua-marama i roto i te 18 whawhai koperea kaiurungi iho 27 FW-190A me 1 BF-109G. I te wa taua ki reira i ngaro anake e rua whawhai. Ko te tino ngoikoretanga anake o te mīhini, ko te wahi iti o te tipu te mana.

Yak-9UT

tohu te reira i Yak-9U ki ringa kaha. rite rawa te rererangi i ki pū e toru: te pokapū 37-mm me rua 20-mm. Maha salvo tuarua o tenei toa ko i te wa he lekooti mo te USSR - 6 kg. i uouangataha Place i roto i te pū pokapū. Ko te tua o te mea 45 mm, ko reira taea ki te whakapiki ake i te taimaha o te rua te pakunga ki 9.3 kg. Ko te toenga o te rererangi i te iti rerekē i te Yak-9U. Hoki 3 marama o te hanga rangatū o te raina whakaminenga haere atu 282 kape. He nui iti o te whawhai te whakahaere ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te whawhai whakamutunga o te whawhai.

Yak-9 "Express"

tohu te reira i te rererangi waka, i te mea i roto i ngā āhuatanga mua kia kawe kotahi pāhihi. Kua meinga e te tauira te ahua o te kōtuitanga i waenganui i te distal me whawhai Yak-9DD me rererangi whakangungu Yak-9B. I roto i te piha muri, hei utu o te Papatohu me ngā mana i tāutatia kuaha me te moana. hangaia te rererangi i roto i te kape kotahi i roto i te raumati o 1944. I roto i te raupapa, e kore ia haere.

Yak-9P

Ko te putanga ake o te Yak-9U, āhuatanga e atu pūrere kōrero hou me te oko. timata te tauira hanga i roto i te 1946, ka mutu i roto i 1948. i whakaputaina he katoa o 801 rererangi. Yak-9s i patu ki te Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, China ko Yugoslavia.

mutunga

I teie mahana, ka titiro matou ki te rererangi rongonui - te Yak-9, e te mea mōhio ki te maha pā o hangarau rererangi whakaahua. Ahakoa te meka i whakaputaina te tauira i tau e ono anake tau, i riro ia rongonui puta noa i te ao na roto i te tiaki atu atu i te tatini pa Soviet i whakaeke hoariri. Tenei rererangi hangarau me te ātaahua ake atu i te tau, kotahi e kia maha pā o mahi rererangi rite te pepapātū i runga i tō papamahi. Yak-9, i te mea i roto i te ringa matau i taea e tahuri ki te pu rangi tino, hanga he takoha nui ki te putanga o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao.