Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin: biography, rārangi o ngā pukapuka me ngā meka ngā

87 tau o te ora o tahi te iwi i te wā katoa. Kawea ake i roto i nga whakarerenga iho o tuhituhinga puāwaitanga, i tamata ia ki te whakaata i roto i o ratou pukapuka, he momo hou o hero, whanau i roto i te rerekē ngā āhuatanga o mua. I roto i tona pūrākau matua, kawea mai ki runga e rave rahi whakatupuranga, e kore te mea he fafauraa wä ki te haapiiraa me mana'o o te pono o te auhoaraa ngongo i ia, manawanui i roto i te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga me ngā tikanga rangatira noa, e iho noho mateaki me mahi hoki ki te mahi tuhituhi, a i roto i te ora Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin.

"Ahau whakaaro i nehenehe o te tamaiti ahau ..."

Ko ia te tamaiti whakaotinga i roto i te utuafare rahi o te kaiwhakatangitangi hōia Alexander Abramovich Zilber, e mahi i roto i te Omsk Infantry Regiment. whanau Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin i roto i te puna o 1902, ka te nuinga o te whānau mō te neke atu i te 5 tau e noho ana i roto i Pskov. Nga tamariki pūmanawa katoa 6 Zilber, muri pa tiketike nui e kore anake i roto i te waiata, engari ano hoki i roto i te pūtaiao. Hoki tauira, ka Alexander he kaitito rongonui, me te kaiwhakahaere, e tangohia e awa te pseudonym muri, Elena - musicologist, Leo - te kaiwhakarewa o katoa te kura pūtaiao Soviet o Medical Virology.

Thoroughness o te kainga tupu hinengaro, me te toi mo te ora i mua nei o tamariki Kapellmeister Zilber nuinga nama ki tona whaea - Anne Grigorevne. ko ia he piana, he paetahi o te Moscow Conservatory, he pai mātauranga, me te tuwhera-whakaaro, i hanga ratou whare hei wahi rongonui mo te kōrero Progressive Tupú Porowini Pskov. Ko reira kitea e raro i tona mana i hohoro whakaurua te kaituhi heke mai ki te pānui.

kaituhi Favorite - Stevenson

riro ia te knigoglotatelem ngongo nui o tuhinga o ngā āhuatanga rerekē: tales o Andersen ko Perrault, pukapuka Dickens ko Viktora Gyugo, nga mahi o nga waiata Russian, pūrākau mōrearea o Fenimore Cooper me Aimard, kōrero o Sherlock Holmes me nga pukapuka iti hīnohi e pā ana ki kaipahua pai me nga detectives. Ka rite ki muri haamana'o Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin, rawa pai ia Robert Stevenson, patua te kaha ki te tango o te whakarongo kahore rāhui, i te tikanga o "kupu mana mamau, hoatu whanau ki te semeio o te toi."

Haunga te whaea, hoatu ki te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki i te rota o te whakarongo, i te tuaana Leo he ingoa nui mo te tamaiti. Ko te tangata nei i te mana nui i runga i nga reka tuhituhi o te kaituhituhi heke mai, a ka Hare ki he weriweri mo te tuhituhinga i roto i a ia, ka he hoa me te hoa o Leo - Yuri Tynyanov - i muri mai i te fakaanga tuhituhi rongonui me te kaituhi, kaituhi o "Tuarua Rūtene Kizhe", "Kuchle" me "mate Wazir-Mukhtar" . Tynyanov te wa roa ki te riro i te hoa pono, me te Kaverina. fifili ahau he aha ia i muri marenatia te tuahine o Leo ko kerero - Elena, a ia Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin i marenatia muri ki tona ora roa i runga i te tuahine Tynianov - Lydia.

ona whare wānanga

I roto i te whakangungu i roto i te hākinakina porowini Pskov, te wahi pau ia 6 tau, anake te raruraru mo Kaverina i te pāngarau. Ki te ana nga wa tiketike-kura tamata ia ki te tuhituhi rotarota, i taua wa ko e noa mo nga tangata taitamariki ki te pakirehua'ofa fakaetangatá.

mutu Kaverina tamarikitanga i roto i 1918 i muri i te hopu o Pskov i hōia Tiamana, a ka oti ia te kura nui i roto i Moscow. He tomo ia te whare wānanga. Na ka oho ia ki te whakapaipai - mua. I reira, i roto i Tynianov, huarahi ki maha kaituhi rongonui - Shklovskii, E. Schwartz, Sun Ivanov, et al. Sessions tuhituhinga, i roto i te prosody ngā, Kaverin me momoe. Veniamin Aleksandrovich, kua meinga kia rite ki te hua o te tauira o te taviniraa a te tuhinga Russian nei haurongo, riro nga haapiiraa pakeke tuatahi me te ara. Ko te tino nanakia ki ana fakatupu whiti whakakitea ia Osip Mandelstam: "Mai i te iwi rite koutou, Me tiaki whiti!".

I oti te ruri, Kaverin me whakatau ki te horo'a ia ki te pūtaiao. haere ia ki Istfil mua University me i te wa ano he peka Arapi o te Institute o Living Oriental Reo.

Ko te kaituhi wheako tuatahi

Na hinga ano te hiahia mō te tuhituhi kihai i Kaverin hū. Kotahi ra i muri i te whakamātautau whakatapua Lobachevskii ariā, ka kite ia i tetahi pānui o te whakataetae tuhituhi, puritia te Whare o Writers. Tekau meneti, i tangohia e te ara ki te whare, ka karangatia e Kaverin mate, te tautuhi i te āhuatanga matua o tona ora. whakatau ia ki te haere ki te tuhi me te kia papatairite tona kōrero, e ka tangohia e ia tetahi wahi i roto i te whakataetae.

Ko te wheako prosaic tuatahi Kaverina huaina "tahi o axiom" tohua i te tuatoru anake utu. Ko te moni o moni 3,000 anake roa hoki e ono Toffee - moni na devalued i roto i 1920, engari ko te reira i tona utu tuhituhi tuatahi, tona angitu tuatahi rite te kaituhi. Mō ia mahara tonu Kaverin. Veniamin Aleksandrovich - biography, rārangi o ngā pukapuka whakaputaina huri noa te ao, i taunaki o e whakaritea e tiketike o tona mahi me te taranata - ki te mutunga o nga ra e ono mahara Toffee.

"Serapion Brothers"

February 1, 1921, ko te hui tuatahi o te porowhita tuhituhi, ka karanga "teina Serapion." I roto i te hui i muri mai i tae atu e te rota o "pukuaroha" me piri, engari i tamau hanganga kēnana: LEV Luntz, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Ilya Gruzdev Nikolay Nikitin, Elena Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky, Konstantin Fedin. ka e taha o nga mema o tūturu o te rōpū Kaverin. Veniamin Aleksandrovich, timata i taua wa ki te puta wā i roto i te press, me te whai wāhi i roto i te hui nei mahi. noho pono ia ki te "autaea'eraa" ka karangatia nga parau tumu auaha ratou ki te mutunga - muri tohua Kaverin me rima tau te timatanga o "Serapion fakahokohoko" - Feb 1 - rite te hararei tino nui.

A kihai i nohinohi te i te wa teie mau parau tumu. Te ingoa rawa, nama e nga matua taketake o te porohita i roto i te kohinga o poto kōrero Talafungani o German Romanticism Ernest Teodora Amadeya Hoffmann, korero o te tau'a oti ki tōrangapū. I roto i tenei kohinga whakahuatia hapori tuhituhi, ko roto i te honore o te moke kōrero Karaitiana, me te haapae hua Serapion, me te karanga o te uara matua o te mahi tuhituhi o tona kounga, kahore whakaaro ki Māoritanga me ngā tirohanga tōrangapū o te kaituhi, i te reira i roto i te toru o nga tau o te mana Soviet tata he mea whakaoho.

wā nanakia

Aita i maoro roa i te "teina" ka'e hokó mārama o ratou taumu'a rangatira. timata rerekētanga wä i roto ia ratou ki te puta mārama te atu katoa. "Ko e te Pākehā" - Luntz, Kaverin, Slonim - whakanohoia ki runga ake i te tahi atu aamu, momo mōrearea, "rawhiti parirau" - Zoshchenko, Sun Ivanov - tiaki ki te whakaahua ora ki tohu iwi. Ko te rerekētanga i roto i te kaupapa matua tuhituhi kore te tīmatanga i te ārai i te tiaki o te kotahitanga o te auaha, me te hoa, engari i raro i nga whiu kaha o te faaino, me te ora huru e pā ana a hinga ana e ia.

kahakina Time "teina" i runga i taha rerekē, hanga etahi hoariri tino. Luntz i 1924, fakamamahi mate wawe; Ivanov, Slonim, ka vēkeveke ki waiata te pathos o te aroraa orurehau Nikitin; muri noho Tikhonov me Fedin tūranga matua i roto i te Uniana o Soviet Writers, etaeta e pupuri ana i te aho rōpū, kore nei e tohu i tetahi dissent. A, no te, i muri i 1946 i raro i i kaha pēhanga o te uruhi wä Zoshchenko, kotahi anake o te "Serapion Brothers" ki te tautoko ia, ka puritia whanaunga mahana ia - Veniamin Kaverin. Ia te mutunga wahia whanaunga ki Fedin, ina e kore ia i roto i 1968 i tukua te whakaputanga "Cancer Ward" Solzhenitsyn.

mahi Hard me mateaki ki te mau parau tumu

I roto i "serapionovskie" wa o te kaiwhakarewa o tuhinga proletarian Maxim Gorky tuhia e tetahi o nga kaituhi tino pūmanawa o te whakatupuranga o muri - Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin. "E rua Kāpene" (1940-1945) - he pūrākau, e te nuinga sinó ingoa o te kaituhi, - rite ki nga hau, ko te tino aroha o Stalin, a whakaaetia ana e ia te Kaverina maui i roto i 1946 Stalin paraihe, i muri i te tukunga o te pukapuka tuarua e pā ana ki te mahinga mōrearea o Sani Grigorieva. koa rongonui nui "Hiahia" (1935-1936) me te "Book Open" (1953-1956). I roto i te whawhai, i kaha i roto i te Tāruru Northern, hoki i whakawhiwhia e ia te Order o te Star Whero Kaverin.

Pea kua awhinatia tenei katoa Kaverin karo utu, pērā i te hunga e Nōna tona tuakana Leo, he tokomaha o tona rangahau i roto i te mara o te Virology whakahaere i roto i nga puni. Stalin he reta tono mo tona tuku i hainatia me Kaverin. faaino Official toutou patua i runga i te kaituhi, ratou whakapa he apolitical me te whakangahau tona pukapuka.

Ahakoa tenei, e kore te kaituhi i tuku whakapono. uru ia i roto i te whakaputanga o te anthology "Literary Moscow" (1956), he mana rōpū rāhuitia. Kaverin kihai nuitia ki whai wāhi i roto i te whakatoi o Boris Pasternak i 1958, ka hoatu e te pukapuka i roto i te korero o Sinyavsky ko Raniera, i whawhai hoki te whakaputanga o ngā pukapuka e Mikhail Bulgakov me Solzhenitsyn.

Ko te taonga tuku o te kaituhi me te tangata

Mahalo ko watea ki te amo i tona kaituhi nohoanga āhuru e kore e whai i te pānga nui i runga i te nga mana e pā ana mahara papatipu me te hinengaro takitahi o te kaipānui. Otiia e kore e taea te whakaaro he whakaaro taua pono, hoatu te rōrahi me te kounga o te tuhituhi Kaverin.

"Rua Kāpene" anake, no te nene'i-ora o te kaituhi neke atu i te 70 nga wa, me o ratou "pukapuka tuwhera" toutou kiriata. e mohio ana pānui iwi mea rite "Hatana, ranei i roto i te ahiahi i runga i te moutere o Vasilevsky" (1928), "E hoa Unknown" (1957), "E whitu takirua o poke" (1962), "Portrait Double" (1963), "O. Senkovskiy (Baron Brambeus) "(1929, 1964)," I mua i te whakaata "(1972) me etahi atu.

Ko ia te kaituhi o maha kōrero poto me roa, pinepine o tales patupaiarehe o ngā tamariki. He huarahi motuhake mahue ana haamana'oraa, tautautefito ki te pukapuka "hopearaa" (1979-1989), ētita i nei mahi ia tae noa ki nga haora whakamutunga i mua i tona haerenga, i puta i roto i Mei 1989. Otiia e kore e taea e ara enei buka korero ki a koutou katoa e pā ana ki te ora o Veniamina Aleksandrovicha Kaverina. ora te mata pono o tenei kaituhi me te tangata kei te me nga pukapuka o to'utangata tekau tau i muri mai, me ona whānuitanga o taranata, rite tuhia e maha fakaangá tuhituhi me te whai ano mau kaipānui ki te aromatawai i te tino.