Tirohanga Hangarau o whare me ngā hanganga

Tuhinga o whare me ngā hanganga ko he tukanga mō te arowhai i whakaaro mo te huru hangarau tūturu me tiaki o ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. kawea aromatawai i roto i ki te aroturuki i te mana, me te whakatau i te hiahia mō te hanga hangaia anō ranei.

He aha te mea te rerekētanga i waenganui i te whakamātautau me te tirohanga

Kaua e whakapoauau te tirohanga hangarau o ngā whare me ngā hanganga ki te tohungatanga haumaru ahumahi o whare. tū whakamutunga i te whakaurunga e pā ana ki te hanga o kino, me te me kia rēhita i Rostekhnadzor. Whakatinana taea anake motuhake reira whakahaere ki te raihana tika ki te whakahaere i enei mahi, whakaputaina e Rostekhnadzor, a i runga i etahi tuhinga tukanga. Enei matua ngā te ture Federal "I te haumaru ahumahi o whakaurunga production mōrearea". ka haere mai te putanga hou o te ture o te whakamātautau ki te kaha i runga i Hānuere 1, 2014. Hua mātanga hangarau me rēhita i roto i Rostehnadzor. Kaiwhakahaere rapu ki te kawe i roto i te tirohanga hangarau o ngā whakaurunga ahumahi katoa 5 tau.

Tuhinga o whare ko te arotake motuhake o te hanganga kāwanatanga, me ngā pūnaha engineering, kawea atu i runga i te pūtake noa. I roto i te meka, he reira he kohinga o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua hangarau o waihanga i te kau ki te whakatau i te hiahia mō te ratonga, te taea o te anō ranei whakatau tata i te uara mākete o te taonga.

A, no te he reira e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i te tirohanga o whare

Ko te hiahia mo te rangahau e taea puta hoki ngā take. titau Hoko o te whare i roto i te taonga haumi o moni nui. ka whiwhi te rangahau tuatahi o te whare i te māramatanga whāinga o tona huru hangarau, me te tiaki ki whakapaunga atu o te wā, me te moni i roto i te heke mai.

Ko taea ki te whakatau i te tohu o te ino tinana o te whare nga wae takitahi ranei, a ka whakaturia ki te uara tūturu o te ahanoa.

Examination oti pāngia e te ahi o te ahanoa ranei

A, no te hoko i tētahi ahanoa oti tika ki te whakahaere i te rangahau tino o te whare ki te whakatau i te heke mai o te mahi mua. I muri i te tātari he mārama mēnā me te whare hanga me ki aha whānuitanga, ki te hanga anō, ranei iti me te māmā ki te haehae i te reira ki raro, a ka hanga he hiahia hou.

Taki ana i te tūnga o te hanga ka tukua ki te aromatawai i āta te taea, me te hiahia mō te whakarerekētanga hanga ranei. Hei tauira, he mahi tika noa o hoko te whare i muri i te ahi i roto i ētahi wā kia rapua e te rangahau whare huru ki te whakatau i te utu tika me te whai huanga o te mahi hangaia anō.

ka tauturu i te tirohanga Hangarau o whare me ngā hanganga i roto i te whakamahere o te hangaia anō o te oti pakaru e ahanoa ahi ranei. ka hoatu e te reira i te aromatawai whāinga o te kāwanatanga o hanganga kawenga-whanau, me o ratou rauemi tautoko, me te whakapūmautanga.

Examination i mua i te te hanga anō ranei

A, no te whakamahere i te anō me ao hou o te whare te nāna nui ranei e tūtohu ana ki te whakahaere i te rangahau o te hanganga whare. fakahā te akiaki o tenei tikanga e nga peculiarities o tuhia mo enei mahi.

Hoahoa i tētahi whare hou - he mahi māmā atu i te whakamahere mahi ki te ahanoa ngā. I roto i tenei take, kawea tirohanga me te hangarau tirohanga o whare me ngā hanganga kei te roto i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau e hiahia wāhanga o te whare ki te kia whakakapia whakakaha ranei, te aha huringa ka hanga i roto i te whakamahere o ngā whare.

A, no te e hoahoa koe e taea e te huri i te taumahinga o te ahanoa, ki te whakawhānui i whakaiti i te rohe, i runga i nga hiahia o te tangata nona rānei ranei. Ka meinga te tirohanga Hangarau o whare reira taea ki te whakatau i te taumata o pikaunga hua manakohia i runga i te hanganga tautoko i roto i te whakahounga te superstructure o te whare ranei.

Te hë o te hanganga me te mahi whakaminenga i muri i te whati roa, rawa, titau te rangahau tuatahi ki te whakatau i te huru o te whare o nāianei, me te ki te whakatau mehemea ki te haere tonu i te mahi.

Deformation me kino ki hanganga - he take mō te tirohanga

Ko te ahua o kohakore kino ranei i roto i ngā hanganga, te takanga o huringa deformation i roto i te mahi o te hanga i te turanga mo te hi'opo'a maitai.

kawea tirohanga Construction o whare i roto i ki te tautuhi i te mau hapa o te hoahoa, maumaui o waehere hanga me o mahi te kounga rawakore. Ko taea ki te kitea te marena, hē moe, mahinga o ngā rauemi hë.

E tauturu i te rangahau ki te tautuhi i te hara whiua whare kino. Ka taea e tūkino puta i te meka i whakamana wehikore ranei he te hoahoa hanga ranei mahi, i reira ko te ahi te waipuke ranei i roto i te ruma pātata ranei whare tū mahi anō ao e arahina, mo te tauira, ki te subgrade deformation. whakahaeretia Qualitatively ka whakarato i tētahi rangahau i te whai wāhi ki te tāutu i te whānuitanga o te kino, ora te moni i roto i te marae, ki te whakatau i te taea o te whakamahi atu o te whare.

Te whakahaere i te rangahau he tika i roto i te faatura o i pakaru i roto i te taiao ranei nga whare fakatamaki tangata-i hanga. Ka whakarato te reira i te rave'a no te aromatawai i te āhua o te hanganga, te taea o tona whakamahi heke mai, te hiahia hoki me te nui o te hanga, me te hanga hou mahi.

Tuhinga o whare - te wāhanga o

tirohanga tonu o whare me ngā hanganga ngā toru ngā wāhanga hono: teuteu, tirohanga ataata, me te whakamātautau taipitopito. I roto i ētahi wā, he reira nui mo te wāhanga tuatahi e rua, mai i tā te whakamutunga te whakamahi o te taputapu motuhake, me utu i konei atu. Ko te hiahia mo te whakamātautau taipitopito whakaritea e te mātanga, me te whakaritea, ki te kore i taea e te tirohanga ataata tautuhi tino raruraru katoa.

Hei atu āta titiro i te hanganga me te whakamahi tōtika Atahanga ngāwhā - he taputapu motuhake tātaritanga, kitea huringa i roto i te taumata pāmahana. Ka taea e tauturu i te reira e koe kitea huna i te kanohi o mea kohakore ki te tātari hape i roto i te hanganga whare. hāngai ana te mahi o tenei pūrere i runga i te whakapakoko whakatika pōkākā.

Teuteu mo te rangahau hanganga

I roto i te faaineineraa o te tohunga ki te arotake i te ahanoa ake, kaupapa me te tuhinga whakahaere, me ngā pūkete e wātea ana katoa e pā ana ki te kawea ki waho i te aroaro o te hanga whakahoutanga ranei, me te rangahau o mua. Ko te tuhinga ako whakarato mōhiohio e pā ana ki te wa o te hoahoa me te hanganga, te tikanga hanga, rauemi whakamahia, ine taea me ngā rerekētanga i roto i te kaupapa, raraunga i runga i ngā āhuatanga, me te ka puta i roto i te akoranga o ona hē, me te kino. I roto i te ngaro o te tuhinga e hiahiatia ana e kawea atu inenga, ka hanga i te tuhi. I runga i te pūtake o whiwhi hōtaka mahi hangarau titoa o mahi.

whakamātautau tuatahi, me te rangahau taipitopito

tour tirohanga Visual o te whare katoa, me te wähanga takitahi. whakamahi te reira i ine mea me taputapu. Ko reira he whakamārama o te raruraru i tāutuhia ai ki te tūtohutanga ki te whakatutuki ia ratou.

Ki te i roto i te tirohanga ataata whakakitea kino nui, whakaiti i te kaha o nga hanganga me ngā āhuatanga takitahi, te ngoikore ki te whakaoti i te whakaaro ako ranei, reira he whakamātautau taipitopito tūtohutia. Hoki ia, te taputapu motuhake, hanga rauemi, e riro tauira mō te whakamātautau taiwhanga.

A, no te whakaemi te tirohanga hangarau o whare oti, te pūrongo hangarau kei roto i nga raraunga katoa me nga hua o te rangahau, ki tūtohutanga whakatika i nga raruraru i tāutuhia ai, kōwhiringa taea hoki te hanganga o te amplification.