Te whakarewa softest i roto i te ao

Konganuku - ahua o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana e te tangata mai i nga wa onamata. He maha rawa tenei rōpū o matū, engari faaite ratou katoa āhuatanga noa tinana e kua huaina āhuatanga konganuku. Ko te pakeke o ratou - te tikanga, e kore, engari te tāutu. He motuhake atu etahi, a e kua te whakarewa softest. E whakaritea ēnei āhuatanga i te peculiarities o ratou hanganga i te taumata rāpoi.

āhuatanga o konganuku

Iron me ona alloys (maitai, maka rino), parahi, konumohe, ... Mā te enei rauemi tohua tēpilé ia te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whanaketanga o te ao. Ia o enei konganuku He āhuatanga e hoatu a reira he uara mahi ahurei. āhuatanga Common hoki ratou e tiketike kawe ia waiariki, me te hiko, plasticity - kaha ki te mau tonu tapatahi ki runga ki deformation, umeraa konganuku.

mata Ramahiku tapahia te patu rino, ka te nuinga o te maitai ngohengohe i runga nei i reira he tohu o te pānga iti, whai hanganga ā-rite. I tona turanga - tioata ripekapeka, i roto i nei te kōpuku - ngota ki tiaki pai, me te kūpapa, i waenganui i te "hau hiko" - mahue matūriki te anga waho o ngā ngota no o te paruparu e tika ana ki te matua. here konganuku Special i waenganui i nga ngā katote pai kei roto i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe e kawea, i te taha o nga ope o te mahara, hua i roto i te "hau irahiko". Pakeke, kiato, whakarewa rewa pāmahana tei runga i te kukū o te "hau".

Ko te paearu mō te aromātai i

Ko te whakahoki ki te pātai e pā ana ki te mea ahua o te konganuku ko te tino ngohengohe, i reira ka tonu kia he kaupapa o kōrero, ki te kore whakaae i runga i te paearu mō te aromatawai , me te tautuhi i te ariā o te mahaki iho. Urupare e pā ana ki tenei kiripuaki o te rauemi e kia rerekē tohunga i roto i te ahumahi rerekē. kia mohio ki Metallurgist rite te ukanga he whenu nui ahu ki kite te deformation o te rauemi auaha, me pera i runga i. D.

Hoki ngā rauemi e hiahia ana pūtaiao ki e taea ki te whakarite tautika nga āhuatanga o ngā rauemi rerekē. Me hoki whai paearu aro mātai noa whenu. kia te whakarewa softest i roto i te ao i mohio tohu whakamatautau ana "record" mahi. He maha ngā tikanga e whakaaro ko ki te ine i te mārū o rauemi rerekē.

tikanga o te ine

hāngai ana te nuinga o ngā tikanga ine pakeke whaimana e runga i te inenga ki te mana taputapu hanga pū whakapā i runga i te rauemi whakamātau i te tinana mārō, ka karanga te indenter. Tei runga i te momo o te indenter me i nga tikanga o te ine, he maha ngā tikanga taketake:

- Brinell tikanga. Fakapapau'i nukunga diameter pōro whakarewa rau te nukunga ki te mata o te taonga whakamātautau.

- Rockwell. Whanganga hōhonu nukuhanga o te mata taimana o te pōro tihi ranei.

- Vickers. Whakaritea wāhi tā, ki te waiho i te taimana tara-iu wha.

- Shore pakeke. He ona tauine ake mō ngā rauemi rawa pakeke, me te tino ngohengohe - hōhonu whanganga o te rumaki te ngira motuhake te tiketike o te fakaakeake i te mata o te titi motuhake ranei.

Mohs tauine o te pakeke

Kua tēnei tauine mō te whakatau i te pakeke whanaunga o kohuke me konganuku kua whakaarohia i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX German Fridrihom Moosom. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te tikanga o rakuraku ina rau he tauira totoka te tohu i runga i te ngawari, me he tino watea ki te kitea i roto i - he aha whakarewa ko te softest. I roto i te pā ana ki te tohutoro 10 kohuke, e kua whakaritea he mehua herenga o pakeke, whakaritea te taonga whakamātautau i runga i te tauine, me te taupū tau. Tohutoro kohuke softest - talc. He he pakeke Mohs - 1, me te tino totoka, te taimana - 10.

Aromātai o pakeke i runga i te tauine Mohs puta i runga i te "ngawari -., Pakeke" Te whakatau i rite te tini o nga wa, hei tauira, konumohe he taupū Mohs 2.75, Tungsten ngawari (6.0) he i nga hua ine e hāngai ana i runga i ētahi atu tikanga anake. Otiia ki te whakatau i te whakarewa softest i roto i te taka pūmotu o te tepu, ko te nui.

Te nuinga ngohengohe - konganuku alkali

Mai i te mineralogical tauine Mohs whakaatu reira e ko te softest te matū no ki te konganuku alkali. Ahakoa mēkuri, waia ki tokomaha i roto i te wai o te ine pāmahana, kua he uara pakeke o 1.5. Ngawari ona matū maha he rite physico-matū me ngā āhuatanga hangarau: konukōhatu (0.6 tauine Mohs '), te konutai (0.5), pāhare pāporo (0.4), rubidium (0.3). Te nuinga whakarewa ngohengohe - he caesium, he pakeke i runga i te tauine taupū Mohs 0.2.

E tāutuhia e ratou whirihoranga irahiko ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū o te konganuku alkali. Ko reira anake paku rerekē i te hanganga o te haurehu e mangere. Irahiko kei roto i te taumata pūngao waho he te nekeneke, e whakatau i te mahi matū tiketike. Ko te konganuku softest āhuatanga e ngā pähekeheke, he uaua ki te whakaputa me te te pupuri tonu ratou. E āhuatanga ratou i te tauhohenga matū tutu ki te hau, te wai, te hāora.

Huānga 55 №

Ko te ingoa "Cs" mai i te caesius Latin - "rangi-puru" i roto i te tūāwhiorangi tukuna e te taonga rawa wera i roto i te pōkākā whakaatu rua whiu kanapa puru. I roto i tona puka parakore ko reira he whakaata pai o te marama, rite te koura kanapa, me te hiriwa - kōwhai. Caesium - te whakarewa ngohengohe i roto i te ao, pakeke o Brinell taupū - 0.15 MN / ^m2 (0,015 kgf / cm ^2). ira whakakoero: + 28,5 ° C, pera i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa i te pāmahana rūma mo te caesium kei roto i te āhua semiliquid.

Ko reira onge, utu, me te tino urupare whakarewa. I roto i te hikohiko, e te kimi hiko engineering, me te matū ahumahi caesium hangarau tiketike, me ona alloys te whakanui ake whakamahi, me te hiahia hoki te piki haere i te reira tonu. titau te reira i ona mahi matū, kaha ki te hanga i te pūhui ki te kawe ia teitei. Caesium - he wāhanga nui o te hanga o mea motuhake optical, rama ki ngā āhuatanga ahurei, me te tahi atu hua tiketike-tech. I roto i tenei take, i te whenu - ehara i te mea te kounga tino rapu-i muri i.