Te whakahaere hanganga o nga taumata muingota o te pūmua: hanganga tuarua o te pūmua

Ko te pūtake o te hanganga o te pūmua, me proteids o te mekameka polypeptide, me te muingota o te pūmua kia ngā o tetahi, e rua, neke atu rānei takatakanga. Otiia, e meinga ngā āhuatanga ōkiko, koiora me te matū o te biopolymers kore anake te hanganga matū whānui e kia he "horihori", engari ano hoki i te tahi atu taumata o te whakahaere o nga rāpoi ngota pūmua.

Ko te hanganga tuatahi o te pūmua takoto e hanganga waikawa amino kounga, me te ine. Peptide here Ko te pūtake o te hanganga tuatahi. Hoki te wā tuatahi fokotu'u tenei whakapae i roto i te 1888 A. Ya. Danilevsky, a muri i whakapumautia ana whakaaro i te kōtuitui o peptides kawea nei i roto i na E. Fischer. Ko te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua i roto i te taipitopito whakawakia A. Ya. Danilevskim ko E. Fischer. E ai ki tenei ariā, ngā nga rāpoi pūmua o te maha nui o ngā toenga waikawa amino i e hono e here peptide. kia whai tetahi atu ranei mekameka polypeptide pūmua rāpoi ngota.

A, no te nga hanganga tuatahi o pūmua whakamahia mo nga āpiha matū whakamātautau me whākōkī proteolytic. Ko te kupu, te whakamahi i te tikanga o Edman he tino watea ki te tautuhi i te waikawa amino kāpeka.

Ko te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua whakaatu te whirihoranga mokowā o te muingota o te pūmua. E nga momo hanganga tuarua e whai ake nei: Arepa-helix, beta-tōrino, collagen helix. Kua kitea Scientists e te āhuatanga tino o te hanganga alpha-helix o nga peptides.

ähuareka te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua e te tikanga o here hauwai. whakatika te whakamutunga i waenganui i nga ngā ngota hauwai herea ia ki tētahi ngota electronegative hauota o tetahi here peptide, me te ngota carbonyl hāora o te wha o tetahi o ona waikawa amino, a kua whakahaua ratou haere te tōrino. whakaatu tātaitanga Energy e te polymerization o enei waikawa amino he pai atu tika Arepa-helix, i te mea reira i roto i te pūmua taketake.

Ko te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua: hanganga peta-rau

Kei te tino atu mekameka Polypeptide i roto i beta-hipi. Beta-taiepa e hanga e e taunekeneke o rua here peptide. Tenei hanganga he āhuatanga pūmua kaiota te (keratin, fibroin, me ētahi atu). I roto i ngā, beta-keratin āhuatanga e te whakaritenga whakarara o mekameka polypeptide e atu e ähuareka e Interchain here disulfide. He antiparallel nga mekameka polypeptide hiraka fibroin tata.

Ko te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua: helix collagen

Kei te hanganga o toru mekameka tropocollagen spiralized, e kua he āhua tokotoko. Spiralized mekameka koromeke, me te hanga i te superhelix. Helix ähuareka e here hauwai i waenganui i te hauwai o te peptide puta amino waikawa amino toenga i roto i tetahi mekameka me te hāora o te rōpū carbonyl o te toenga waikawa amino o tetahi mekameka. hanganga collagen Vauvauhia homai kaha nui, me te elasticity.

Ko te hanganga tuatoru o te pūmua

Te nuinga pūmua i roto i te āhua taketake he hanganga rawa kiato, whakaritea nei e te āhua, te rahi, me te wehenga tawhiti o nga Radicals waikawa amino, me te waikawa amino raupapa.

He mana nui i runga i te hanganga o te conformation pūmua taketake, te hanganga tuatoru ranei i taunekeneke hydrophobic me katote, hauwai here, etc .. I raro i tutuki te mahi o enei ope te conformation thermodynamically pai o te muingota o te pūmua, me tona stabilization.

Ko te hanganga quaternary

Tenei ahua o te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota ko te hua o te rōpū o te maha subunits ki te matatini muingota kotahi. Ko te hanganga o ia subunit ngā hanganga tuatahi, tuarua, me te tuatoru.