Flare me fibrillar pūmua: ngā āhuatanga taketake

Ko te akomanga tino nui wha o ngā pūhui matū waro e he wahi o te tinana: waikawa karihi, te ngako, te warowaihā me te pūmua. I te whakamutunga ka e lāulea ki roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha te mea pūmua?

Tenei pūhui matū polymer hanga i waikawa amino. Pūmua i te hanganga matatini.

Ka rite ki te pūmua synthesized?

puta tenei i roto i nga pūtau o te rauropi. He organelles motuhake e he kawenga mō tenei tukanga. Tenei ribosome. ngā ratou o rua nga wahi: iti, me te nui, e ngā i roto i organelle. Ko te tukanga o synthesizing nga mekameka polypeptide o waikawa amino i huaina translation.

He aha e waikawa amino?

Ahakoa te meka e nga momo o te pūmua i roto i te tinana rave rahi, waikawa amino, i nei e taea te hanga e ratou, i reira e rua tekau anake. tutuki te kanorau taua o pūmua e kautaha rerekē me ngā raupapa o waikawa amino, me te ngā herea ana noho i roto i te wāhi.

Kei roto waikawa amino i roto i to ratou hanganga matū o te āhuatanga e rua hoariri o rōpū mahi: carboxyl me amino rōpū, me te tuwhena: kakara, tīmeka heterocyclic ranei. I tua atu, kia kia whakaurua atu rōpū mahi ki Radicals. Ka taea e ēnei hei rōpū waikawa waikawa, ngā rōpū amino, amide, hydroxyl, rōpū guanidovye. Hoki, ka taea e roto i te tuwhena whanariki i roto i to ratou hanganga.

Tenei ko te rārangi o ngā waikawa i e taea te hanga pūmua:

• alanine;
• glycine;
• leucine;
• valine;
• isoleucine;
• threonine;
• serine;
• waikawa glutamic ;
• waikawa aspartic ;
• glutamine;
• asparagine;
• arginine;
• lysine;
• methionine;
• cysteine;
• tyrosine;
• phenylalanine;
• histidine;
• tryptophan;
• proline.

O enei, kotahi tekau e faufaa - te hunga e kore e taea te synthesized i roto i te tinana tangata. Tenei valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. Me ingested ratou ki te kai. E rave rahi o teie mau waikawa amino kitea i roto i te ika, mīti, kai, nati, rēkiumu.

Ko te hanganga tuatahi o te pūmua - he aha te mea te reira?

Tenei raupapa o waikawa amino i roto i te mekameka. E matau te hanganga tuatahi o te pūmua, e taea te hanga te reira i te tātai matū tangohia.

hanganga tuarua

Ko reira he ara o kowiria o te mekameka polypeptide. E rua ngā kōwhiringa mo te whirihoranga o te pūmua alpha-helix me beta-hanganga. Ko te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua whakaratohia e hauwai here i waenganui i ngā rōpū ngai ko NH-.

Ko te hanganga tuatoru o te pūmua

Tenei takotoranga mokowā o te tōrino ranei te tikanga o whakapanga te whānuitanga etahi. E whakarato ana disulfide me peptide here matū.

Tei runga i te momo o ngā hanganga wānanga te tīariari pūmua kaiota te, me te flare. E te whakamutunga te āhua porohita. Hanganga pūmua fibrillar rite miro i hanga nei e te hanganga tāpae beta multilayer whakaritenga whakarara o te maha Arepa-hanganga ranei.

Ko te hanganga quaternary

Ko reira āhuatanga mō pūmua e e tito o kahore tetahi, engari e rave rahi mekameka polypeptide. E huaina taua pūmua oligomeric. ngā mekameka takitahi i roto i to ratou hanganga, ka karanga protomers. Protomers, hangaia nei i te pūmua oligomeric taea whai rua te tuatahi taua rerekē ranei, tuarua hanganga tuatoru ranei.

He aha te mea denaturation?

Tenei whakangaromanga o te quaternary, tuatoru, hanganga pūmua Tuarua, ai ngaro reira tona matū me ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me taea kore whakatutuki i äna mahi i roto i te tinana. Ka taea e tēnei tukanga puta rite ki te hua o pāmahana pūmua tiketike (i 38 degrees, engari mo ia pūmua takitahi, tenei ahua) matū pukuriri pērā i te waikawa me kawakore ranei.

E nehenehe o te kōpeke ana ētahi pūmua - te hë o tona hanganga taketake.

whakarōpū o pūmua

Homai te hanganga matū, kua wehea ratou ki ohie, me te matatini.

pūmua Simple (pūmua) - ko te hunga e roto i anake te waikawa amino.

pūmua Matatini (proteid) - te hunga e kua tito o te rōpū prosthetic.

Tei runga i te momo o te rōpū prosthetic o pūmua taea te wehea ki:

• lipoprotein (kei roto lipids);
• nucleoproteins (titoa whai waikawa karihi);
• chromoproteids (i roto i uhi);
• fosfoproteidy (E tito o te waikawa phosphoric);
• metalloproteins (i roto i konganuku);
• glycoproteins (arā, o te kai warowaihā).

I tua atu, i runga i te momo o te hanganga wānanga flare rānei te vai me te fibrillary pūmua. Ka taea e kia rite ohie matatini ranei e rua.

Āhuatanga o pūmua kaiota te me ratou tūranga i roto i te tinana

Ka taea te wehea ratou ki e toru ngā rōpū i runga i te hanganga tuarua rānei:

• Alpha-hanganga. Ko ētahi o ēnei keratin, myosin, tropomyosin me etahi atu.
• hanganga Beta. Hei tauira, fibroin.
• Collagen. Tenei pūmua, e kua he hanganga tuarua motuhake, i te mea e kore Arepa-helix ranei te beta-hanganga.

Āhuatanga pūmua fibrillar i roto i ngā rōpū e toru katoa takoto i roto i te meka e whai ratou he hanganga tuatoru filamentary, a kei kore e wairewa i roto i te wai.

Kia kōrero a pā ana ki te pūmua fibrillar matua ake i roto i te raupapa:

• Keratins. Tenei rōpū katoa o pūmua huhua, e ko te wāhanga matua o te makawe, titi, huruhuru, huruhuru, haona, paua, me te rite. D. I tua atu, i te cytokeratin fibrillar pūmua tenei rōpū ko te wahi o te pūtau hanga te cytoskeleton.
• Myosin. Tenei taonga, i te mea wahi o te muka uaua. Āpiti atu ki actin, te pūmua fibrillar ko te contractile me āta whakarite te mahi o nga uaua.
• Tropomyosin. Kei tēnei rauemi o rua helices ārepa noa'i. Ko reira ano hoki wahi o te uaua.
• Fibroin. tukua ana tēnei pūmua e maha pepeke me arachnids. Ko te reira i te wāhanga matua o te tukutuku me te hiraka.
• Collagen. Ko te pūmua fibrillar tino noa i roto i te tinana tangata tenei. Ko reira wahi o te uaua i memenge, ngohe, uaua, oko toto, kiri, a na i runga i. D. tēnei rauemi whakarato te kopa elasticity. collagen i roto i te tinana heke ki tau, a na reira nga kita puta i runga i te kiri, mea tuhonohono ngoikore me uaua, me te t. d.

Next whakaaro te rōpū tuarua o pūmua.

pūmua flare: ngā momo, āhuatanga me te tūnga koiora

Matū o tenei rōpū i te āhua porohita. Ka taea e waiho ratou wairewa i roto i te wai, rongoā alkali, waikawa me tai.

Ko te pūmua flare tino noa i roto i te tinana e:

• Albumins: ovalbumin, lactalbumin, etc ..
• Globulins: pūmua toto Na etahi (hei tauira, pūtoto, myoglobin.).

Ako atu e pā ana ki etahi o ratou:

• Ovalbumin. Tenei pūmua ngā 60 ōrau ma hua manu.
• Lactalbumin. Ko te wāhanga matua o te waiu.
• Pūtoto. Tenei pūmua flare matatini, i ngā rite te rōpū prosthetic heme he hakari - ko te rōpū o te ngarahu kei roto rino. roto pūtoto te i roto i ngā pūtau toto whero. Tenei pūmua, i te mea nehenehe o here ki te hāora, me te ki te kawe i te reira.
• Myoglobin. Ko te pūmua rite ki te pūtoto. mahi te reira i te taua mahi - ki te kawe hāora. he pūmua taua roto i roto i te uaua (cardiac me striated).

Na e matau ana koutou i te rerekētanga taketake i waenganui i ohie, me te matatini, fibrillar me pūmua flare.