Methods o ako o iranga tangata.

I tčnei wā he tino hāngai i roto i te mara pūtaiao mō te rangahau iranga. Ko te pana o tona whanaketanga ko te parau haapiiraa pai-mohiotia o Charles Darwin i runga i te discreteness o whakapapa, kōwhiringa tūturu me irakētanga rite ki te hua o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te tohuira tuku kawe. Haamata tona whanaketanga i te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga, te iranga, kua tae pūtaiao he tauine nui, nga tikanga rangahau o te iranga tangata i te kau, ko te kotahi o te wāhi matua o te ako rite natula tangata me te kararehe i roto i te whānui.

A feruri i te tikanga taketake mō te ako iranga, mohiotia tēnei wā.

Methods whakapapa rangahau i roto i te iranga tangata e tātari, me te whakatau i te tauira hanganga o ira i roto i te tauatanga i roto i tenei hapu. Ko te hua, me te mōhiohio e whakamahia ana mō te ārai, prophylaxis me te tūponotanga o te tāutu i te huru ako i roto i te uri - mate tuku. Ka taea e kainga e autosomal (faaiteraa o taea ki rite tūponotanga i roto i tane e rua āhuatanga) ka honoa ki te pūira fakasekisualé kawe pātata.

tikanga Autosomal, i tahuri, kua wehea ki kainga tino autosomal (hoki e taea te mohio irarā ngoi i roto i te iraruarite me iraruakē) kainga ngoikore, me te autosomal (taea te mohio irarā ngoikore anake i roto i te āhua iraruarite). I roto i tenei momo o tupu o te mate whakakitea te i roto i te maha o nga whakatupuranga.

āhuatanga kainga Sex-hono e localization o te ira tēnā i roto i nga wahi huirua me nonhomologous y- X-pūira ranei. E ai ki te papamuri tohuira, paetata nei i roto i te pūira sex, whakatau i te wahine hetero- iraruarite ranei, engari te tangata e whai kotahi anake te tau X-pūira anake e taea e hemizygous. Hei tauira, ka taea e uwha iraruakē tuku i te mate ki te kia riro rite he tama, he tamahine.

tikanga matüora meinga o ako iranga rangahau e mate tupu tuku rite ki te hua o irakētanga ira. Taua tikanga tangata iranga ako whakakitea hē pūkoro tuku na roto i te whakatau hanganga pūmua, whākōkī, warowaihā me ētahi atu hua pūkoro e toe i roto i te wai wahopūtau o te kaiao (toto, werawera, mimi, huware, me ētahi atu).

feruri tikanga rangahau māhanga i roto i te iranga tangata i roto i mate tuku ako huanga. mahanga ōrite (whakawhanake kaiao oti i rua, neke atu rānei zygotes mongamonga wahi i te wā wawe o tona whanaketanga) i te tohuira ōrite, e taea kitea ngā rerekētanga e tika ana ki te mana taiao waho i runga i tohuāhua tangata. E pā ana mahanga Fraternal (e rua ranei ake wairakau hua) ki tetahi ki tetahi mau taata tohuira, e taea ana ki te arotake i te āhuatanga taiao, me te tuku iho o te tangata papamuri tohuira.

tikanga Cytogenetic o rangahau iranga whakamahia i roto i te ako o te Morphology o ngā pūira me te karyotype noa, e taea ai te rapunga o irakētanga genomic me pūira ki whakatau mate tuku i te taumata pūira, a hoki ana ki te tūhura i te mahi mutagenic o ngā matū, patukīrea, pharmaceuticals, me ētahi atu Kei te whānui whakamahia tenei tikanga i roto i te tātari me te tāutu muri o te kaiao o abnormalities tuku i mua i whanau. tātaritanga prenatal o waikahu ki he tātaritanga i roto i te huatū tuatahi o hapūtanga, i hanga taea reira tango i te whakatau i runga i te mutunga o te hapūtanga.