Boris Rauschenbach: haurongo me te whakaahua

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia me te pūtaiao ao-rongonui, tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o astronautics i te USSR. Te riroraa i te ahupūngao, te mīhini, ia te kore iti ki tenei whāiti anake. no Boris V. ki mahi pūtaiao i roto i te mara o te hītori toi, hītori o te karakia, me te mahi kairīpoata mō te maha ngā take o nāianei e kua riro rongonui katoa i runga i te ao. kua ia kua whakahaere te kaupapa o Russian Tiamana mo te whakaoranga o te iwi.

Haurongo o pūtaiao

whanau Boris Rauschenbach i roto i mua (i teie nei St. Petersburg) January 18, 1905 i roto i te hapu o Russian Tiamana.

I muri i te kura nui, ka te tangata taitamariki he mahi i roto i te wheketere rererangi i roto i Leningrad. Ko te pau o te tipu te whakatangihanga he wāhi i roto i tona whakarau: i roto i te 1932 ka e ia he ākonga i te Institute o Civil Engineers Fleet Leningrad tīmata ki te tiki wāhi i roto i te rereangi. Kua arahina nakawhiti ki te mohio ki a Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, a i roto i te heke mai, me ki te mahi ki a ia i roto i te tākirirangi me wāhi ahumahi o te pūtaiao Soviet.

I roto i te 1937, oho Rauschenbach ki te whakapaipai ki te mahi i roto i te Rocket kapa Research Institute, arahina e Sergei Korolev. Na, kua ara Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, he whakaahua me te ingoa o nei muri noho he tātau mo te roa te wa ki te iwi whānui i roto i te rarangi o nga kaiwhakatū o te hōtaka wāhi Soviet.

Next ko te mahi i te tipu korero i roto i Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg tenei ra), i whakatahia Rocket Research Institute i Whiringa 1941 (RNII).

I roto i te puna o 1942 ka hopukina Rauschenbach ka tonoa ki te puni tika mo te meka i ko Tiamana ia. I roto i te puni mahi, ki te mahi i runga i te anga anti-rererangi whāhoki, tātaitanga o tona rere tonu Boris V.. Ua itehia e, mōhiotia kaihoahoa rererangi Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Ngā mihi ki a ia, i roto i te tau 1945 i whakawhitia Rauschenbach ki Nizhny Tagil i te tūranga o te Pākehā motuhake.

I roto i te 1948, ki te upoko hou o RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach whiwhi nii-1 o te Tāhuhu o Aviation Ahumahi rangatira o te tari.

I roto i te 1955, Rauschenbach haere ki Sergeyu Korolevu, te wahi tuatahi i timata a te ao ki te ako i te takotoranga me te nekehanga i roto i ngā waka wāhi.

whānau Rauschenbach me ona takenga

Ka rite ki korerotia Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, puta tona hapu i roto i Russia i te rau tau XVIII. I roto i te 1766, ua faanahonaho Empress Catherine II he pakanga ki nohoia te Tiamana i roto i Russia. Ngā mihi ki tenei kaupapa, me i reira ko te tupuna o te kaipūtaiao Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach ki tana wahine i roto i te rohe Täingäwai.

Ko te papa o te kaiputaiao, Victor Ya (mai te ingoa waenganui i te ingoa o tona koroua Hakopa), ko he Māori o te rohe Täingäwai, te rohe, e i taua wa i hanga he koroni mō ngā tāngata whai Tiamana. Kuraina i roto i Germany, ka mahi ia kia rite ki te kaiwhakahaere hangarau i te tannery "Skorokhod".

E ai ki nga pukapuka o Boris Viktorovich, ko te tangata rawa atawhai, me te hohou i te rongo tona papa. A, no te tupu ake o te tamaiti, kaha kawea Victor Ya ia he tikanga o whakapehapeha mo te takenga Tiamana. I te wa ano i ia te reira tino.

Rauschenbach whaea, Leontine Fridrihovna (kāhua Russian - F.) whanau Gallico i roto i Estonia (Saaremaa), takenga - Paratiki Tiamana. I mohio e wha reo - Russian, Tiamana, Wīwī, me te Estonian, e atu wāhi ki tona mahi i roto i te Russia ki te bonnoy utuafare rawa. I muri ia faaipoiporaa ka noho ia hei te housewife.

Whaea ko kaiako rawa tino engari ataahua, ahakoa i te āhua - he tangata oaoa, hihiri, me te harakoa. Ko ia te tangata e tuu i roto i ta ratou mau tamarii (tuahine o Boris Karin Elena) te kaha kore ki te ngaro te wairua i roto i ngā āhuatanga o ia rā uaua e awhinatia ratou i roto i te heke mai. Boris Rauschenbach, tona biography tonu o taua āhuatanga totika taea ora i to outou ora whakamiharo i.

Boris tau rima Rauschenbach tangohia o tona papa: mate ia i te tau o ono tekau tau i kore ngakau.

mate tona whaea i muri i te pakanga. Te rironga o te whaea Boris ite taunakitanga rawa pakeke o taua - tona reta tuahine, kua puritia nei te reira.

ora whaiaro

Ratou aitua, Vera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah tutaki i Moscow, i reira ka whakatutehu ia i roto i 1937, kia rite ki te pahi me te ahumahi moana i roto i Leningrad kihai i ia anaanatae. I tenei wa i okeoke i te whenua poipoi o hopukia ko Rauschenbach, ngāwari taea te Tiamana kia i roto i te puni. Kua panaia ēnei āhuatanga te pūtaiao taitamariki ki te neke ki te whakapaipai, te wahi kahore tetahi i mohio ki a ia.

I maoro Boris i roto i te fare i reira noho ai ia ki tona hoa, kua noho hoki te tai Vera. whanau Vera M. i roto i Kramatorsk (Ukraine). haere mai ahau ki a Moscow ki ako. Tae noa tetahi atu moe noho ia ki tona matua keke, e tū i te pou teitei. Heoi, i runga i Mei 19, i hopukina ia, a ka koperea ko tai panaia. Na ko Vera i te fare i reira noho ai ia Rauschenbach.

marenatia te iwi taitamariki ka te aroaro o te whawhai, 24 Haratua 1941. E ai ki nga pukapuka o Rauschenbach, ratou tika rēhitatanga i whakaahuatia i roto i "12 tūru" e Ilf me Petrov. I ngahau reira ... e kore ratou e wehewehea ki tenei wa, ara, ia Boris V. i roto i te puni mahi (maha kite i tana wahine).

whakaaro ia Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, kua whakawhanakehia te ora whaiaro pai, i roto i te noa'tu o aue o te ora. E ratou tamariki faahiahia me mootua. Hoki etahi ko reira maere e hoki nga tau e rave rahi e ia a Vera M. - anake te hoa faaipoipo.

Ko te ara ki te wāhi

Ka rite ki te kaiputaiao, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich whakamatauria ia tonu i te Leningrad rererangi wheketere tau 23, te wahi i mahi ai ia i roto i te hanga me te whakamātautau o te waka tauihi. Kua whai wāhi te mahi ki te tuhituhi o te pepa pūtaiao tuatahi, te kaupapa o nei ko te pūmautanga wä roa o te rererangi tailless. Ko te taua kaupapa o Boris Rauschenbach whai wāhi i roto i RNII Kuini, engari inaianei no tenei mahi ki te missiles ipu.

I roto i te 1938, whakakorea te kaupapa i tika ki te hopu o te Kuini, a ka hurihia Rauschenbach engines jet, te ariā o te parariraa.

e kore ko Kemi ha fakafaingata'a'ia'anga mo te pūtaiao: i roto i te puni i te mahi ia i runga i whāhoki anga anti-rererangi, e i roto i te heke mai te āwhina tiki ia ia ki waho o te puni, ki te riro manene motuhake, me te ki tonu tona mahi mo RNII.

I roto i te 1948, te whakawhetai ki te matenga hou o te pere Research Institute Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach hoki ki Moscow, te wahi mahi te SRI-1 te engine ramjet, ara te wiri ngingiha me wiri acoustic i roto i tenei momo o te pūkaha.

I roto i te 1955, ka haere Boris V. ki te mahi mo te Kuini, i reira ia rite te kaipūtaiao i te whai wāhitanga ahurei - te wā tuatahi i roto i te ao ki te kawe i roto i te mahi e pā ana ki te takotoranga me te kaupapa o te waka i roto i te wāhi. Muri, i tū whakawhetai ki tona taha mahi shooting o te marama i te waka ātea Soviet "Luna-3". I roto i te 1960, whakawhiwhia te Rauschenbach nama i te Lenin paraihe.

I roto i te 1958, ka awhina Boris V. tona tuhinga täkutatanga (mau PhD i roto i 1948).

Iti iho i te kotahi tekau nga tau mō pūtaiao ki ite i te pūnaha interplanetary teihana rere mana huru "Venus", "Mars", "uiuia" waka ātea i roto i te aratau aunoa me ā.

ka mau ano Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, nei haurongo i kua kaha hono ki te hanganga, he wahi kaha i roto i te faaineineraa, me te whakatinanatanga o te rere o te cosmonaut tuatahi Yuri Gagarin.

I roto i te 1966, pōtitia Boris V. he mema ōrite o te Academy o Pūtaiao (AS) o te USSR, me rua tekau nga tau i muri mai ka e ia he mema tonu o te Academy o Sciences.

Iconography me Rauschenbach

Ka rite ki te kaiputaiao hauti mea e kore i taea e ia te mahi ki te kaupapa pūtaiao, ki te te mahi kua reira i runga i te tahi atu pūtaiao neke atu i te tatini. A ko reira i roto i te whakarara timata ki te mahi i runga i te wāhi ki te kia hiahia i roto i katoa e he mahi wehe ki te tahi mea hou, unexplored ano, pērā i toi, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, he weriweri hoki hītori i whakakitea ka rite ki te tamaiti, i aroha ia ki te haere i te rota, rawa i roto i nga pa ki te hītori tawhito. Āta engari ata i roto i te moni pūtaiao ka anga ki te puta i te ata. Ko te meka i whakamā ia i te ara i te whakawhitinga o te wāhi i roto i a ratou, i huaina "tirohanga whakamuri", huakore, me te anga ke ki nga ture o te whakaahua mohiotia.

Interest i roto i te tirohanga whakamuri kua hoki i hono ki te otinga o ngā pūrere raruraru tauranga i roto i te wāhi.

timata Scientists ki te tirotiro i tēnei āhuatanga. Heoi, ka mau ia ki te pūkete te mahi o te kanohi, te roro. Ki te mahi i tenei i ia ki te hanga i te whakaahuatanga pāngarau o te mahi roro. Ka rite ki te hua, ka haere Rauschenbach ki te mutunga e he māori, me te mooni enei ata ke katoa.

whakaaro ia Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography ko te mooni rerekē atu te tetahi e kite tangata rite ki te hua o tetahi pūrere kanohi. Ka rite ki te hua, hanga te icon whakapono tatou e te ao, ko te mau nui pai me te pai.

I whakaae Rauschenbach e he e taea ki te matau i te ata, kahore hoki e mohio teolosia. Na ka anga ia ki te ako teolosia, ara te tahi mea i tuhituhia i roto i tenei mara, i roto i ngā te Toru tahi ( "te arorau o te Toru tahi").

Ko te ara ki he 'Ofotokisií

Boris Rauschenbach i te iriiri i roto i tau 1915 i tuhia i roto i te whakapono o tona papa - meatanga. no taua whakapono i taua wa e pā ana ki te 20% o Russian Tiamana.

Me kï reira e te faaapî, i roto i te rerekē ki te Lutherans kore e mohio ki ngā ata, e kore te whakamahi i te tohu o te ripeka. Otiia i muri mai i te ture o te emepera Alexander ahau ko Nicholas ahau, meatanga a kua Lutherans hanumi ki tetahi hahi, a haere ana Boris ki tona whaea i roto i te hahi Lutheran, ahakoa ko te pa hoki i te hahi meatanga. Heoi, no te take unknown kore Rauschenbach riro te melo o te hahi meatanga, engari te faatura hoki ia, puritia tona whakapakoko.

Hiahia mō te haapa'oraa Boris V. ite i muri i te puni. ka anga ia ki te haere i te hahi Siu, ka mau te tuhinga e hāngai ana, ka anga ki te whai i te ratonga i roto i te hahi, engari i iriiria hohoro anake i mua i tona mate.

haamana'o Rauschenbach e tonu ka ake te mahi angitu i roto i o ratou pūnaha i roto i te whakarewatanga o te waka ātea i muri, ka hanga te tohu o te ripeka.

I roto i te fariiraa i roto i te Kremlin i te take o te whakarewatanga o te waka ātea tuatahi ko Boris V. te tetahi anake tapaea te tangata e haere mai ki fakaafe'i māngai o te Ekalesia Siu, e, o te akoranga, kihai i uru ki roto ki te rangitaki takahanga.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, ngā pukapuka, me ngā tuhinga e he whānui, kihai i faaite i roto i to ratou pūnaha ngā o mahara ki te ao - karakia, me te pūtaiao. whakapono ia e reira ko he kōtuitui o ratou.

I te tau 1987, i roto i te buka aamu whakaputaina "Communist" academician Rauschenbach he tuhinga whakatapua ki te tau 1000th o te bapetizoraa o Rus. I roto i te reira tohu te pūtaiao ki te faufaa o tenei hui mo te āhua Russian. August "Kominiusi" ruma i tonu hokona atu, ara i te wharau hoko o te CPSU.

He tau torutoru i muri mai te tahi atu mahi o te academician - ". Ko te arorau o te Toru tahi" meinga te tuhinga he tetahi tauhohe, te tavevo o e kua rongo na tawhiti.

Rauschenbach o te Toru tahi

ona ake whakawa e homai e ia i roto i tona pukapuka i Boris Rauschenbach o te Toru tahi "Ko te arorau o te Toru tahi." E ai ki a ia, ka hoatu e te hahi i roto i tona whakaako whakatau tika maitai wero anga reira - te faaiteraa o te Atua, me i te wa ano e rite ana te topu- me monad.

tohu te pūtaiao i roto i taua i te pūkete o te mau parau tumu o te whakapono Siu nāianei rite te wehenga atu i te hiro'a titiro, no te mea te mea te reira e tangata katoa i roto i te Toru tahi - te Atua. mea ana te taua kei te me te inoi.

Boris Rauschenbach, "te arorau o te Toru tahi," i te mea he whakamātau ki te matau i te aparauraa Florensky ko E. N. Trubetskogo o te toru o te Atua, e haere mai ki tenei i te hi'oraa o te pūtaiao. Me kï reira e ka hiahia i roto i te kaupapa minita i te pūtaiao i te mana Soviet, ahakoa ka kaha i roto i aua tau o te ta'e pakanga.

he hiahia i roto ia, he mea ka taea ki te tango i tika te ariā o te hiro'a homai e te Matua Florensky, engari herea ratou ki te tetahi tauira arorau. Ki te kore e taea tenei, na ka whakapono te tangata i roto i te Atua, e kore i roto i te absurdity ngā, ahakoa kahore i waho etahi arorau.

Koinei, kitea Rauschenbach he tauira pāngarau ki te whakamārama i te arorau o te tohu o te whakapono, tona mārika Toru Tahi. Tenei tauira whakamatauria ki te waiho i te pere, me ona wāhanga e toru i roto i te pūnaha fakafekau'aki toru-ahu.

I faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru: ko te ako o te Tolutasi (Tokotoru) pai arorau ōkawa. Ka taea te whakaritea i tēnei kaupapa ki te pahūtanga o te poma. O te akoranga, te "arorau o te Toru tahi" he faufaa, engari e kore e waiho e te reira i te mutunga ki te matauranga ki te Atua, mai i roto i te ngako te mea e taea te mohio o te Atua.

He tangata o ratou whenua

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, pukapuka, tuhinga i maha i î ki āwangawanga mō o rātou whenua, me te ao i te whakarau, i taea e kore mau ki te mataara te mea kei te tupu a tawhio noa ia ia. Ko te rawakore o te iwi Russian, rawakore o nāianei, meinga pūtaiao ia mamae, me te riri i roto. kihai i taea e ia matau i te kore o moni i te āhua mō te pūtea o te mātauranga, te pūtaiao, i roto i te whenua i reira ko tetahi fakatupulaki rahi o te kāwai etahi o tangata.

"Therapy ru" a Gaidar ki Boris Viktorovich, te pūtaiao ngaio rawa, toi, ohaoha, a ka he tauira o te kore o te ngaiotanga i roto i te faatereraa i te whenua o. whakapono Rauschenbach e me kitea Russia te ara i roto i o te sikalú, minimally mamae mo nga mua.

"Whakaaro pouri" Rauschenbach

I roto i tona tuhinga whakamutunga "whakaaro pouri" whakaata Boris Rauschenbach i te heke mai o te mau taata atoa, te faaite iho rite te tangata o Russia, engari ano hoki tangata katoa o te ao whenua kore anake.

Ko te taitara rawa o te tuhinga ta e pā ana ki te āhua o ēnei whakaaro huritao. Te reira i Rauschenbach wehe te ariā o te manapori i te noaiá manapori e kaha i roto i te ao nei i teie mahana. A e kore e hanga e ia he okotahi mo Russia.

Ko te kaituhi e kumea whakarongo ki te meka e nga hara nui katoa mahia i raro i pepeha manapori, te hau kau manapori e maha e kore matau e te tito noa e tohu ratou te ngākau nuitanga o te iwi matara rawa atu i te kaha.

I roto i tona mahi, e opua nei i te academician he hoki ki te uara tangata tuku iho, ara, te utuafare, te hapori. whakapono ia e kia kia teitei ake i to ratou tika i nga kawenga o te iwi. Rauschenbach whakapono e ka whakaora anake tenei ara tangata i te whakangaromanga. E kore te ana te tahi atu hoatu. I tua atu, e whakapono ana te pūtaiao e reira kia waiho he kāwanatanga o te ao, ko tona kaupapa here ka kia uaua, engari tino ngaio.

Hoki te rau tau mua, kia rite ki Rauschenbach, ko te tangata neke i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga, te faa'una'unaraa i ia, me te āhua. Na, kāore, i reira he torutoru rawa takitahi nei e taea te whakatuwhera kanohi o te iwi ki te hape o te mua, me te hakari, kua nei kahore ano i kite i te mutunga.

mutunga

mate Boris Rauschenbach March 27, 2001. Ko tona urupa i roto i te urupā Novodevichy.

mate ia pūtaiao i roto i te ra Theodore Icon o te Mother o te Atua. I tū te hunaraa i te whare St Nicholas Kuznetsky. ko te pai ai o te kaipūtaiao Soviet me Russian tino tenei.

Na roto ia, kua ngaro te taata tetahi o ona geniuses, he tangata o te whenua ao.

Ko te uara o te takoha o te pūtaiao ki te pūtaiao me te ahurea o Russia mea ana taitara me tohu. Rauschenbach Ko te mema kaha o pukenga e toru (Academy o Sciences, te International Academy o Astronautics me Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). I whakawhiwhia e ia te Lenin ko Demidov Tohu, a Hero o-pāpori Reipa. Te mātakitaki Kaunihera Research "History o te Ao Culture" RAS.