Te hanganga me te mātotoru o te karahīni, tukanga hoki tona faaineineraa

Hoki te wa roa, tamata te taata kua ki te kitea he puna ohie, me te ngāwari-ki-te whakamahi o te wera, te marama, me te wahie. Ko te wā tuatahi rite tenei i te rakau mau, me te kakau witi, i muri ako iwi ki te hanga me te whakamahi i te Peat. Na ka hanga e fa'ahinga kua he pakaruhanga nui i roto i te pūtaiao, me te hangarau i roto i te whānui - ka i roto i te rängai wahie i roto i ngā, ka anga ki te whakamahi i karahīni.

Ko reira he ranunga o waiwaro kohua i te pāmahana o te 150-250 ° C. Ko te mārama, hinuhinu, wai pūkākā, whiwhi i te Māturu o te hinu masivesivá. Tei runga i te tikanga tukatuka me te hanganga matū i roto i kia ngā karahīni waiwaro kukū momo memeka, pūhui naphthenic, pūhui bicyclic, he momo o poke o te hāora, whanariki hauota ranei āhuatanga.

Te taahiraa matua i roto i te tono o te karahīni kāinga e pā ana ki te tenenga i roto i 1823 godu wae whakatere whakapai. A mai 1950, ka timata ia ki te whakawhanake kaha turboprop me jet rererangi, whakarewa tetahi o ona ahua, ka karanga "wahie jet". Kei te rite a kotahi me te tahi atu momo o te hinu karahīni i Māturu. I roto i tuatahi te hinu tukatuka te pure e ngā poke, me te wai (ko reira ia tapao e te kiato o te karahīni iti mātotoru o te wai). Na i raro hanganga kua purea te ki te Māturu tika, i roto i nei tukua te wāhi e koropupu pūwaro hinu hautanga te me te hinu wäriu.

I te toharite, karahīni kiato ko e pā ana ki 0,78-0,85 g ia henemita pūtoru, a ka pae te wāhi flash i 28 ki te 72 ° C. Ko te kiato o combustible wai whakamahia mō ngā take kāinga, rite ki te 830 kg ia mita pūtoru, me tona mata flash ko e pā ana ki 35-40 ° C. Ko te tohu tino noa tenei. karahīni Kiato, whakamahia hoki māramatanga i roto i maina me oko iti ko 860 kg ia mita pūtoru. Paemura tenei momo o te wai kia ki runga ki te 90 ° C. karahīni kiato Ko kore iti iho i te 780 kg ia mita pūtoru. he karahīni taua mo te whakamahi i roto i ngā tauira rererangi rererangi subsonic.

Na roto i te kerosine i matau te he uara kiato whakaritea nei e te ōwehenga o te papatipu o te wahie ki tona rōrahi. Te whakatau i te kiato o te wahie wai mā te whakamahi i te pycnometer - pūrere tikanga rawa hoki te whakatau i te kiato o te momo o wai me te totoka.

Hoki tātaritanga titau ine mahana pycnometer ahei o te pupuri i te pāmahana i te 20 ° C, he papu mārua, he mārua desiccator, ine me te karahīni. Kei te wehea te tukanga e tātai iho tona kiato ki te maha ngā wāhanga. Tuatahi, ata horoia a paunatia pycnometer maroke. Na ka hinga graphite moe, ka paunatia ano ki a ia. Na ka ringihia e te pounamu i karahīni (hawhe rōrahi), a tuu i te reira i roto i te desiccator i reira puritia e pā ana ki kotahi te haora mo te.

I roto i te rua i te pycnometer tātari atamira, tangohia i roto o te desiccator me tino ki tonu i te parawini, i whakanohoia hoki kotahi haora i roto i te incubator. I muri i te tetahi wā o te wā nekehia atu te pūrere e i te oumu, me whakatau i tona papatipu. Na, i roto i te pycnometer taua, engari kua pai-horoia me pania maroke, ringihia karahīni me mahi te taua katoa, engari kahore te tua o te graphite. kawea kaupae e rite i roto i na roto i te ringihia he pycnometer tikanga ki te wai māturu.

tātai karahīni kiato kei te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei: te mātotoru o te wai whakanuia e te taimaha o te pycnometer ki karahīni me graphite me te papatipu o te pycnometer tino kau rerekētanga, ka wehea te hua e te rerekētanga i roto i te papatipu o te pycnometer ki te wai, me te taimaha o te pycnometer kau.

Ko te hahiraa whakaaetia i waenganui i nga hua o rua faaotiraa whakarara kawea i roto i kore e nui 0,01-0,02 g / cm.