Hātea, tona physico-matū me te tono o nga āhuatanga

Kua karangatia e hoki hātea konupūmā pēhau bleaching paura ranei. Ahakoa ko te wā muri kore rawa tika, no te mea te taonga, ko te ranunga matatini, me te kore ngā reira pēhau anake (Ca (ClO) 2), engari ano hoki oxychloride (CaClO), pūhaumāota (CaCl2), te konupūmā waihā (Ca (OH) 2). Hoki kia hakari hei poke o pūhaumāota rino (III), e foaki he kauruku kowhai. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, tenei pūhui he mārō āhua whakahiato, he kakara kaha o te māota me te Whaitae maha ma. Ko te wai memeha konupūmā pēhau anake, te māota tukua ki te huru, me te toenga e whakatu i te ranunga i hanga te hohenga matotoru - slurry.

A, no te hāngai rā perchloric putanga kotakota hāora, a ki runga ki te para i te reira decomposes ki te kukuwhatanga o te wera, e taea arahi ki te pahūtanga. I roto i tenei hononga, kia penapena i te taonga i roto i te pouri, raumati (haaveavea) me hā ruma. A, no te mahi ki te bleaching paura kia whakamahia mō te tiaki o te kiri, te pūnaha romahā, rawa i roto i tona production me transportation whakaurunga.

Mai i te hi'oraa o te matū, kaihoko hātea tuhia te CaCl (OCl) nei tātai, pā ana ki te whakauru i tai (rua), i.e., Kei reira e rua ng ngota. Ano hoki, i tenei pūhui ko te āpitihāora kaha e taea i roto i te otinga kawakore ki te tahuri MnO (konupora waikura (II)) → MnO2 (konupora waikura (IV)); na roto i te tauhohe i ki matū organic ki te meinga ratou parariraa. Na roto i te tauhohenga ki te pungatara waikawa pūmāota ranei puta kōwhiringa māota: Ca (ClO) Cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

I rite tēnei rauemi i chlorination i te hanga o te konupūmā waihā. I roto i te tukanga taua e whiwhi ai hātea e toru ngā kōeke - 26, 32 me te 35% o te māota hohe (te nui o te māota parakore tukua e te mahi i runga i tenei ranunga HCl waikawa H2SO4 ranei). Ko tētahi ngoikoretanga o tenei rauemi, ko te e riro te reira itoito ki runga ki chloro rokiroki, 5-10% ia tau. Whakamātauria ki te aro tenei i te tuku i te pūmautanga whakarei te hua mā te haere hau māota i roto i te whakatārewatanga o te Ca (OH) 2. māota Active i roto i te pūhui kupu whiwhi he 45-70%. Ko tētahi atu drawback o tenei rauemi, ko te meka e faatupu te reira i te waikura o nga corrodes whakarewa, me papanga miro. Na, kia mau te reira i roto i te ipu rakau, ipu kirihou ranei te pēke kirihou me pōkai.

Hātea whakaaturia e takoto ngā āhuatanga bactericidal me sporicidal i te aroaro o te waikawa hypochlorous me te hāora i roto i te otinga. Nā ki tenei, Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira i roto i te purenga o te wai ururua i ngā parakaingaki me ngā pūtahi hauora rite te waipatu (mata tukatuka, wāhi tūmatanui). whakamahia hoki rite hātea i roto i te hanga o te kiko penupenu me te pepa.

Ko te kupu, hātea - ko te ranunga matatini e he matū taonga kaha rawa ka whakaaturia e te āhuatanga āpitihāora kaha. I roto i te hydrolyses wairewa ki te hanga i te waikawa hypochlorous (NS1O). Ki te whakanui ake i te pāmahana (whakawera) me i raro i te mahi o te rā decomposes, tuku hāora me te māota.