Potae me potae hōia: whakaahuatanga, momo me ngā āhuatanga

Ahakoa i roto i nga wa onamata, whakamahia toa tiaki potae maitai motuhake te matenga. E kaimahi ratou ki rihiona Yuliya Tsezarya, nga kau Site, te Knights wharekarakia i roto i Europe. Ko tōna tono whānui me te parahi potae ka i roto i Kievan Rus ', i roto i nei i māngai ia e te momo nui o ngā momo.

I roto i to tatou wa, tiaki i roto i whawhai e kore tuku pōtae ki rite te parahi potae. I teie mahana, e kore te te ingoa e whakamahia ana. potae nāianei mohiotia ki kiritaki rite potae. Military kėia he ōrau nui o ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa o tenei momo o te potae. I tua atu i enei, potae he kaikeri, kaimahi hanga, rangatira pirihimana, tāmate me ngā mema o te hākinakina tino.

Kia pehea te i te ariā o "potae"?

pōtae Motuhake hangaia ki te tiaki i te matenga o te toa i roto i te whawhai, i huaina tuatahi te potae. Mai te mea te reira te hokohoko o te patu, a ka hoki hanga o te rino, ngā te whakahau hōia i roto i te huinga paerewa o whawhai i raro i te ingoa mōhiohio "maitai potae" me te mohio rite te tikanga whai hua o te tiaki i te hoia takitahi.

Ki te haerenga mai o ngā momo o ngā hōia me te whakapai ake o te mahi hōia i riro hou me potae. Products i te āhua kikorangi. whakamahia Steel ki te hanga a ratou. Ko hītori mohio tauira hanga o te farii ei hiako āhuatanga paruru e whakarato he tokomaha nui piri ki huānga whakarewa ratou. Nā ki te aroaro o ngā wāhanga maitai mahuna e pā ana ki te rino. Neke atu i te wa, i roto i te ora ia rā i reira ko ake watea kupu "potae", i roto i Latin te tikanga "potae whakarewa."

potae pūrere

Kua tonu kua tau potae whawhai te kaupapa o te rangahau mō ngā hītori me whaipara e kua ata ako nga āhuatanga katoa o te hanganga me te ahua o te tiaki whaiaro o te hoia, whānuitia whakamahia hoki mano o nga tau. rangahau pūtaiao whakaaro e te wahi matua o te hanganga o paruru te potae noho mō ngā rau tau maha tonu. Ko te huringa pāngia nga puka anake. okioki te reira i runga i te whanaketanga o mua, me patu whawhai i runga i te mea i takoto ki te tiaki i.

Ka rite ki te rauemi e whakamahia ana mo te hanga o potae whakarewa. Ko ratou parahi parahi ranei pepa kikokore, ka iku nei e whakakapia ki te rino rino ranei. E potae o pepa rino whakamahia e katoa te ope o te ao , me te 80 nga tau o te rau tau rua tekau. I muri mai potae hōia me potae parahi hangaia i ngā rauemi matatau pērā i Titanium, Kevlar, waerau pueru, Titanium pūhui ki te konumohe.

māngai te potae i roto e te wahi pūrere hiako motuhake, titia e tikanga o rivets circumferentially i te wahi i roto rawa o raro o te tuhinga. huaina tenei wahi o te potae ko "tuleyka". manga reira atu mā te i'ai i maha puawai tūhono miro. Ko te mahi matua e mahi tuleyka me puawai:

• pai tautika te potae ki runga ki tona matenga;
• ārai o te matenga whakapā ki te whārangi maitai o te potae;
• mitigation o pānga otaota tōpana me te kohatu i runga i te waho o te potae.

potae Modern hōia atu hāneanea me te haumaru mō te hoia, no te mea te puawai Kei piri ki a ratou te whakarei ake anō te mārū o te Pads pahuka i hiako ranei.

ahua mana

I roto i te wā mai i te legionaries Yuliya Tsezarya ki nga hoia Pākehā o nga hoia Anotau i kaha whakamahia potae. kawea mahi Military o aua tau i roto i te kaha nui, a ko rawa nui te tono mō te potae paruru. Ko runga i te wā, ka anga ki te kawe potae me mahi rerehua. He ko he ahua mo nga pōtae ataahua. iti iho take haumaru ki te papamuri. turakina potae i pōtae ki huruhuru, shakos me potae ki visors lacquered ataahua.

potae French

mahi Military i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao waikeri pūāhua mau. Kua riro ngā taumata hoia wateatanga upoko. kaupapa maharakore haere te waikeri i mōrearea o te whara nui te mate ranei. ko te upoko tahanga he wahi ngoikore mō te pihinga i te pū pū ranei, mo te ha kongokonga me kauhanga. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i enei tau fakamanatu ano o potae mahi nui. Na roto i tenei wa, te ahua mo nga pōtae ataahua, me te papa pere haere, a i te mahi o te potae hoki ano.

Military France i te tuatahi rawa ki te hou, tauira atu matatau. Kei roto hua French toru huānga: he araa, he pito, me te heru. "Adriana" - ko te ingoa mōhiohio hoatu ki te potae. Military French kaimahi ki 1915 hua haumaru raraunga, e tino heke te mate o te hanganga whaiaro o te ope. 13% me te tahuti heke 30% whakaiti i roto i te maha o whara. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, te potae French whakamahia e hoia i roto i Ingarangi, Russia, Italy, Romania me Portugal.

potae Ingarihi

kihai i te ārahitanga hōia o Ingarangi makona ki te potae French "Adrian". I whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i tona putanga ake o potae hōia. Ko te kaiwhakawhanake o te taua hua haumarutanga ko Hoani Leopold Brodie, e tangohia e rite te pūtake te wharekarakia pōtae Cappellini, whakamahia whānuitia e te hōia i roto i te wā i te tekau ma tahi ki te rau tau tekau ma ono. huaina te pōtae ko "te whakarerekētanga tuatahi potae maitai" a kanohi tselnoshtampovannyh hua ki te niao whānui.

he nui rawa whai hua mō te awa whawhai tenei ahua o te potae rite ki te hoia o te parae i hanga te pānga o te hamarara, e ruru i hinga otaota i runga ake. Otiia ko fiemālie tenei tauira i te mea ka tika ki te whakaeke, no te mea i tona tauranga ki runga ki tona matenga kawea tiketike rawa, a kihai i tiaki i te wahi pae tino, me te kōpako o te matenga. Otiia i roto i te Ahakoa o tenei hapa, i tangohia English Brodie potae i te ope o Canada, te United States me Ahitereiria.

Ko te putanga Tiamana o te potae

Rerekē ētahi atu whenua, e kore te Germany tae noa ki 1916 pau i runga i te hanga, kia rite ki ona tohunga, te iti-kōeke potae iti-te kounga. Ona gunsmiths i Hannover rave i roto i te hoahoa, ko te tino he hua kounga. I roto i te 1916, ka kite Germany te Stahihelm potae rongonui, e riro i muri mai i te tohu o te hoia Tiamana, pera me whakamahia i roto i te pakanga e rua ao.

potae Tiamana tino pai i roto i ngā o te haratau me te mau huru paruru o te tauira Wīwī, me te reo Ingarihi. He āhuatanga hoahoa āhuatanga i roto i Stahihelm potae ko te aroaro o te haona parahi i roto i te wāhi pae tino. E ratou e rave rahi mahi:

• whakaratohia cover te rua ventilation i te potae;
• toromoka kawea whakangungu rakau motuhake Armoured e tiaki te matenga o te hoia Tiamana i te hit tika o te raiwhara me mīhini-pū matā.

Ahakoa te ngaro o kohakore i te hoahoa me te hanga, e kore e te putanga Tiamana o te potae kī te haumaru tino o te kaimahi. Ahakoa potae me pūpuri matā hit tika, engari kihai i whakarato te haumaru o te hoia pekehoe waha. E pupuhi ana, ka patua i roto i te potae i taua pūngao tiketike e te whati pekehoe waha. Na tenei, i roto i te tahuri, āhuatanga mate. Hei whakapai ake i tenei āhuatanga e kore e pā te meka e te pūngao pānga i te hit tika te tu humarie te potae ano.

tauira Soviet Military

koranu maitai patu whakamahia mo te hanga o potae i roto i te USSR. ingoa te tauira Soviet i te NL-39 me ko te hua o te taimaha o 1.25 kg. Ko te taiepa i te matotoru 1.9 mm o. i whakahaere fakatāutaha whakamātautau potae S. M. Budennym ka hoatu he hua pai. Ko te tauira Soviet i taea ki te tu atu ki te hit tika i te tawhiti o te tekau mita atu i te matā hurihuri, "hurihuri."

I roto i te 1940, kua pehia te NL-39 ao hōu. Tuleyka Mans pokohiwi atu, Pads me kupenga. NL-40 - ko te ingoa mōhiohio hoatu ki te potae matatau. huringa o muri me innovations i hanga i roto i te 1954 me te 1960. Kua te hua kua te putanga o potae hou NL-54 me NL-60, huringa e pāngia tuleyki anake. Ko te hanganga iho kua noho tonu mai 1939.

kura tauira ake

hua otinga nui o te NL-39 i roto i te 1968. i ngohengohe ki te puka e i te potae ao hou. nohoia tauira Russian Military inaianei te nui haere taha o te taiepa frontal o te kikorangi me taha poto niao ki waho. I whakamahia hoki tona hanga koranu patu ki rahi te kaha. Ko te taha o te taiepa frontal whakakaha potae ātete ki täia ha kongokonga.

He whakamahi hanga potae rite mō te kaimahi ona kaimahi China, Te Tai Tokerau Korea, Russia, India ko Vietnam.

Ko tētahi o nga potae hōia whai hua tino whakamahia e ope haumaru Russian e whakaaro:

• Kei te hangaia NL-68 M mō hōia ā-;
• NL-68 N whakamahia e ope patu o te Russian Federation.

kōwhiringa rua i tuleyki hou. Ahakoa te meka e te taimaha o enei potae a tawhio noa rua kirokaramu, te whakatau e ratou te piha haapiiraa tuatahi o ātete, no te mea e taea ki te tu atu i te hit tika e matā i te pupuhi Makarov me otaota e rere ana i te tere o te 400 m / s ratou, te taimaha o e kore e nui ake kotahi karamu.

potae Russian Modern

Potae TSS-81 "Sphere", mai i 1981, ka whakamahia tonu e hōia ā-o te Russian Federation.

i tangohia 0.3 cm hoki te hanga o tona Titanium whare pereti matotoru. Pōtae e ata 2.3 kg, a anake e whakamahia ana mō te tiaki ki whara aunoa. Tutuki te rua o nga piha haapiiraa, no te mea e kore e kī i te reira tiaki i pū. hanganga kikorangi Ko te huānga Armoured e toru i roto i roto i te rakau, motuhake.

Potae "Sphere" Ko te whakarerekētanga o "Sphere-II", i whakakapi Titanium Armoured paraharaha maitai, e tino nui haere te taimaha o te tauira (3.5 kg). Ko te ngoikoretanga Ko te kore o te hanganga i roto i te taatoaraa. Pea whētuki craniocerebral. take motuhake ki Armoured Titanium rino ranei huānga kakahu i roto i hohoro. arata'i tenei ki to ratou displacement me raro huru maitatai potae paruru.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te potae hōia?

Tuatahi o te katoa ko reira e tika ana ki te whiwhi i te rauemi e tika ana. Ko te taahiraa tuarua - ki te hanga i te tuhi, i roto i nei e kia hanga potae hōia. Ratou ringa ake ki te hanga i kore uaua reira. He pai ki te ka whai i te potae i te āhua porohita. Tenei ka whakaiti i te pūngao kino ki runga ki pānga. Mimiti reira ranei tino whakaiti i te tauturu i te papa rite te pai.

Ko te pūtake mo te potae taea te hanga o te rakau ngata pōro ranei tamariki tukinotia uwhi gypsum me epoxy kapia me te hardener. I muri pakeke anga te raima whakaaro te ki kia rite, a ka taea e koe te tango i te kōpae.

Ko tētahi o nga mahi i mahi i te potae, ko te tohatoha anō o tona pānga i runga i te rohe katoa. Na reira, kia whai i te rauemi mo te waho anga te taupū tiketike o te kaha, me te taikaha. pahuka i polyurethane Ideal. Ko tona kaha kurut 5 kg / cm ^2, e hanga ratou absorption rawa whai hua o te pānga. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i kaka kōata, i roto i te maha ngā paparanga o te whakapiri ki runga ki te mata o te potae me te koti ki te epoxy kapia. I muri i pakeke, kua hatepea atu te teriuma te taikaha ki e nekehia atu te matū me te karaihe toenga ki te maripi.

kia roto i te wahi i roto rawa o te potae poraka o pahuka i, e faarahi te tiaki ki fepulopulasi. E piri ratou ki te piripiri. E tūtohutia ana ki te rave i te reira i muri i whakatikatikanga tupato. He mea nui kia reira ko i te roto o nga feāvaaki potae, e kore e poraka pahuka i whai ki te hoatu te pēhanga ki runga i te rohe pae tino.

E Katahi Poraka i roto i te wahi kōpako me frontal ki te whakamutunga. ārai ratou te displacement taea o te potae i te pānga. Ki te mea i reira he feāvaaki i te potae, kua ki tonu ratou i te mongamonga o te pahuka i. I mua i timata koe te whakapiri i te roto, kua eke ki te tīwiri me mōria pokohiwi whakatika motuhake.

Ko te whakamutunga e pa ka waiho he peita potae kāinga. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi aerosol nitro ranei nitroenamels. Ko te aroaro e, te mata o te hua ki te kia tukatuka nitrogruntovkoy automotive.

E whakaaro ana te āhuatanga o potae whaiaro-hanga te kore o te wera me te uruhanga oro rawakore.

I mua i te koe tīmata, e hiahia ana koe ki te matau, e kore e te potae kī te haumarutanga o te matenga, te reira anake tamaru te pupuhi. I tua atu, nui faufaa ko te kaha pānga. Ai te pūngao i hanga he āhua 25 J. ko te rohe o te manawanui tangata, tona mate i te taikaha o te mahara, me te kanohi hopearaa atu kino tenei.