Pipelines hau Russian: mahere, me ngā tūtohi. pipelines Gas i Russia ki Europe

whakarato paipa waka kaupapa o taua taonga nui pērā i te hinu, me te hau tūturu. pipelines Russian i neke atu i te hawhe te hītori rau. timata Construction ki te whanaketanga o nga mara hinu o Baku me Grozny. He tata 50 mano. Km o pipelines kātua, i mäminga te nuinga o te hinu Russian mahere hau Russian o teie mahana.

Ko te hītori o te hau Russian

timata paipa waka hau i roto i Russia ki te whakawhanake kaha i roto i 1950, i pā ana ki te whanaketanga o putunga hou, me te hanganga o te whakatere whakapai hinu i roto i Baku. Kua i te 2008, tae te maha o te hinu me te hinu hua kawea 488 miriona. Tons. Ina whakaritea ki 2000, he hua o 53%.

Kei te tipu haere tau pipelines hau Russian (whakahoutia te kaupapa kei te me whakaata rārangi katoa). Ki te i roto i 2000, te roa putorino o te paipa ko 61 mano. Km i 2008 moni kē ki te 63 mano. Km. Na roto i te 2012, tino whakawhānui nga pipelines hau matua Russia. whakaaturia Map te a tawhio noa 250 mano. Km o paipa. . O enei, ko 175 mano km o te roa hau paipa 55 Whārangi Km -. Te roa o te paipa, 20 Whārangi Km -. Te roa o te paipa hinu.

hau Russian transportation paipa

Ko te paipa - he engineering hanga paipa transportation, e whakamahia nei mo te waka o te mewaro me te hau māori. kawea te supply hau e i roto i te tikanga o te pēhanga i te taikaha.

I teie mahana, he uaua ki te whakapono e te Russian Federation (tēnei wā te tāwāhi nui rawa o "wahie puru") ko te tīmatanga ti'aturi i runga i ngā rauemi raw hokona noa atu. kua i roto i te 1835 i roto i St. Petersburg, te tipu tuatahi mo te hanga o "wahie puru" ki te pūnaha tohatoha i te mara ki te kiritaki kua whakatuwheratia. I tenei tipu tango hau i waro ke. 30 tau i muri mai, hanga he tipu rite i roto i Moscow.

Nā ki te utu nui o te hanga o putorino hau me te kawemai rauemi raw tuatahi pipelines Russian i iti i roto i te rahi. hanga whakatangi diameter nui (1220 me 1420 mm), me te ki te whakaroa tiketike. Ki te whanaketanga o te mara o te hangarau o te kapuni, me tona rahi production "awa puru" i roto i Russia timata ki te whakapiki ake i tere.

Ko te nui rawa pipelines hau Russian

"Gazprom" - te operator nui o "iatuku hau" i roto i Russia. Ko te momo matua o corporations he:

• tūhura papawhenua, production, transportation, rokiroki, tukatuka;
• hanga me te hoko o te wera me te hiko.

I te kau, i reira he pipelines ngā:

1. "Stream Blue".
2. "Kaunuku".
3. "Union".
4. "Stream Nord".
5. "Yamal-Europe".
6. "Urengoi-Uzhgorod Pomar".
7. "Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok".

Mai te whanaketanga o te hinu, me te matūngahinu ao o maha moni pūtea, mātātoa whakawhanake Engineers, me te hanga katoa pipelines hau nui hou Russia.

pipelines hinu Russian

Ko te paipa - he engineering hanga paipa transportation, whakamahia nei te ki te kawe hinu i te pae hanga ki te kiritaki. E rua ngā momo o putorino: matua me te mara.

Te paipa hinu nui rawa:

1. "Friendship" - tetahi o nga ara nui o te Russian Empire. kaha production o teie mahana, ko te 66,5 miriona. Taranata ia tau. toro tapahanga i Samara roto Bryansk. I roto i te pa o Mozyr "Druzhba" e wehea ki ngā wāhanga e rua:

• tonga huanui - e tika ana i Ukraine, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, te Czech Republic;
• Northern Railway - i roto i Germany, Latvia, Poland, Peraruhia ko Lithuania.

1. pūnaha paipa Paratiki - he pūnaha o pipelines e hono te wahi o te hanga hinu i te taulanga. Ko te mana o te taua o 74 miriona aho. Taranata o te hinu ia tau.
2. Te Paratiki Arapaepoutū Pūnaha-2 - ko te pūnaha e hono ana i te "Druzhba" paipa ki ngā tauranga Russian i runga i te Moana Baltic. Raukaha he 30 miriona. Taranata ia tau.
3. paipa hinu Eastern hono te wahi o te whakanao i roto i Eastern ko Western Siberia ki te US me hokohoko Āhia. Ko te mana o te hinu tae 58 miriona. Taranata ia tau.
4. Kapiana Arapaepoutū Consortium - he kaupapa ao nui ki te whai wāhitanga o ngā kamupene hinu nui, hanga hoki te hanganga me te mahi o te roa putorino o 1.5 mano km .. Mahi kaha ko 28.2 miriona. Taranata ia tau.

pipelines Gas i Russia ki Europe

Russia ki Europe taea homai hau i roto i ngā huarahi e toru: i roto i te pūnaha hau ikiiki Ukrainian, me te roto i te paipa "Stream Nord" me "Yamal-Europe". I roto i taua take, ki te pae hopea mutu Ukraine tahi i roto i te Russian Federation, ka kawea te supply o "wahie puru" ki Europa i roto i anake pipelines hau Russia.

kai Scheme o te mewaro i Europe titau, taua taatou:

1. "Stream Nord" - he paipa hau tūturu e hono Russia ko Tiamana i raro i te Moana Baltic. Te paipa bypasses whenua tauwhiro: Peraruhia, Poland me nga whenua Paratiki. kua "Stream Nord" Kua hoatu ki te whakamahi ngā tata - i roto i te 2011.
2. "Yamal-Europe" - he roa hau paipa o neke atu i te rua mano kiromita o putorino haere na roto i te rohe o Russia, Peraruhia, Germany me Poland.
3. "Stream Blue" - hono hau paipa te Russian Federation me Turkey i raro i te Moana Black. He rite ki te 1213 km Ko tōna roa. Ko te kaha hoahoa ko te 16 piriona. Mita pūtoru ia tau.
4. "Awa Southern" - kua wehea te putorino ki whenua me te moana wāhi. rere wāhanga Maritime i raro i te Moana Black me hono te Federation Russian, Turkey, Bulgaria. Ko te roa, ko te 930 km. wahi whenua e tika ana i te rohe o Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Horowinia.

"Gazprom" kī e ka te utu o te hau ki a Europa e 8-14% kia whakaarahia i roto i 2017. mea kaitätari Russian e te rōrahi o Tuhinga ka nui atu i roto i 2016 i tēnei tau. Income hau heriheri o Russia kia tupu i te 34.2 piriona. Tara i roto i 2017.

pipelines hau Russian: kaupapa kawemai

whenua tata, e kaiwhakawhiwhi Russia hau ngā:

1. Ukraine (hoko sostavlyaet14,5 piriona cu. M.).
2. Peraruhia (19.6).
3. Kazakhstan (5.1).
4. Moldova (2.8).
5. Lithuania (2.5).
6. Armenia (1.8).
7. Latvia (1).
8. Estonia (0.4).
9. Georgia (0.3).
10. South Ossetia (0.02).

I roto i nga whenua Kihi te hau Russian he:

1. Tiamana (uee o 40.3 piriona cu. M.).
2. Turkey (27.3).
3. Italy (21.7).
4. Poland (9.1).
5. United Kingdom (15.5).
6. Czech Republic (0.8), me ētahi atu.

Supply o hau ki Ukraine

I roto i te Hakihea 2013, "Gazprom" me "Naftogaz" hainatia he addendum ki te kirimana. Ko e wātea ana te tuhinga i te hou "Hekenga" utu, he toru iti iho i te whakaritea i roto i te kirimana. tomo te Tiriti ki te kaha i runga i Hānuere 1, 2014, a me toru nga marama e whakahoutia. No te mea o te nama mō te hau "Gazprom" kua whakakorea te hekenga i roto i April 2014, me i April 1, ka whakatika te utu, pa $ 500 ia mano. Mita pūtoru (moni he auau utu ki 268.5 tara ia mano. Mita pūtoru).

Ko te hanga whakaritea o pipelines hau i roto i Russia

Map o pipelines hau Russian i raro i te whanaketanga ngā e rima ngā wāhanga. E kore e whakatinana te kaupapa "Stream Tonga" i waenganui i Anapa ko Bulgaria, hanga "Altai" - he paipa hau i waenganui Siberia me Western China. hau o Kapiana paipa, e e whakaora hau māori i te Moana o Kapiana, i roto i te wā roa me haere na roto i te rohe o Russia, Turkmenistan ko Kazakhstan. Hoki kai i Yakutia i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa, hangaia te tetahi raina - "Yakutia-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok".