Analogues o rongoā paturopi. Paturopi rōpū rongoā paturopi: tohu, tohutohu hoki te whakamahi

Kua whakatuwheratia analogues rongoā paturopi whai wāhitanga hou mō ngā rata i roto i te maimoatanga o ngā mate hopuhopu. He nui ake ātete ki whākōkī o huakita me te taiao pukuriri o te puku ratou, i iti pānga taha.

Mō paturopi

Penicillins - Ko reira te paturopi mohiotia matamua. pūkete ratou mo momo maha, engari etahi o ratou kua ngaro ratou hāngai tika ki te ātete. E taea e ki te urutau te huakita me te riro kiriuka ki te mahi o enei taero. hanga ana tēnei pūtaiao ki te waihanga momo hou o pokepokea ai, analogues rongoā paturopi matou āhuatanga hou.

Penicillins whai tāoke iti ki te tinana, tino whānui whakamahia me ko te tohu pai o te pānga bactericidal, engari he nui ake noa atu e hiahia ana tākuta tauhohe mate pāwera ki a ratou. Ko e tika ana ki te āhua organic o paturopi tenei. Ka taea hoki e tetahi atu mau huru kino ngā uaua i roto i te whakakotahi ia ratou ki te tahi atu raau taero, rawa ki rite piha haapiiraa.

kōrero

Te whakahua tuatahi i roto i te tuhinga o te rongoā paturopi ka mau wahi i roto i 1963, i roto i te pukapuka e pā ana ki Maori tangata rongoā American. whakamahia ratou i te ranunga o te harore i roto i ngā take rongoā. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te ao marama te whakahaere ratou ki te tiki Aleksandru Flemingu, engari kihai i tenei i runga i whakaaro, engari i te aituā, rite ngā āhuatanga nui katoa.

I mua i te Pakanga II o te Ao i te microbiologists Ingarangi mahi i runga i te take o te rongoā ahumahi i roto i te rahinga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te taua raruraru faatiti'aifarohia i roto i whakarara, me te i roto i te United States. Mai i tenei wāhi o rongoā paturopi ko te tarukino tino noa. Ko te wā, kua tāutuhia, ka synthesized te tahi atu rōpū o paturopi, āta e i whakakapi i te reira ki te malangá. I tua atu, tīmata microorganisms ki puta ātete ki te tarukino, i faingataa te maimoatanga o te mate nui.

Ko te parau tumu o te mahi antibacterial

Te hanganga taiepa pūtau kitakita ngā te taonga i huaina peptidoglycan. rōpū rongoā paturopi o paturopi pā te ariā o te pūmua, hëoi anö te hanganga o nga whākōkī e tika ana. Ko te moroiti e mate no te mea o te ngoikore ki te whakahou i te taiepa pūtau.

Heoi, ako etahi huakita ki te tu atu i tēnei whakaekenga nanakia. hua ratou beta-lactamase, te mea whakangaro o nga whākōkī e pā te peptidoglycan. Hei akakoromaki i tenei tutukitanga, kaipūtaiao i ki te hanga i analogues rongoā paturopi e taea whakapōrearea me te beta-lactamase, rawa.

Ko te mōrea ki te tangata

I te timatanga o te wā o paturopi, e whakaaro pūtaiao e pā ana ki te pehea riro ratou paitini ki te tinana tangata, no te mea ngā tata katoa metry ora o pūmua. Otiia i muri i te haamau'araa i te maha rawaka o rangahau kua kitea e peptidoglycan i roto i to tatou tinana i reira he iti, a reira, meinga tetahi kino nui ki te tarukino kore e taea e.

Ko te tūāwhiorangi o te mahi

Tata momo katoa o penicillins mahi i runga i huakita karamu-pai puninga Staphylococcus, streptococcus, Corynebacterium diphtheria me te tukumate whiu. Ano, i roto i to ratou tūāwhiorangi o te mahi ngā microorganisms karamu-kino katoa, gonococci me meningococci, rakau anaerobic me ara etahi harore (hei tauira, Actinomyces).

Scientists whakaaroa momo hou o rongoā paturopi, e ngana ana ki te ārai i huakita hoko whakamahia ki o ratou āhuatanga bactericidal, engari mo te maimoatanga o te mate nosocomial , he kore e tika tenei rōpū o taero. Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga kino o tenei momo o paturopi - huakita ururua hoki, rite te whēkau tangata muia e te huakita tairongo ki rongoā paturopi. Ko te utu e mahara ana tenei ka ki te tango i rongoā.

Ko te momo matua (whakarōpū)

kaipūtaiao Modern whakahere penicillins hou wehenga ki wha rōpū:

1. Natural, e kua synthesized e harore. Ko ētahi o ēnei benzilpenitsilliny me niho. Ēnei taero i te tūāwhiorangi kuiti o mahi, te nuinga ki huakita Gram-kino.
2. taka Semisynthetic he ātete ki penicillinases. E whakamahia ratou ki te hamani i te whānui o tukumate hihinga. Māngai methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin.
3. Karboksipenitsilliny (karbpenitsillin).
4. rōpū taero ki te whānui o ngā mahi whānui:
   - ureidopenitsilliny;
   - amidopenitsilliny.

puka biosynthetic

Hoki tauira kia arahi etahi o te rongonui tino i te kau o nga rongoā e ōrite te rōpū. Te nuinga pea i te pennitsilinov rongonui taea te whakaaro "Bitsillin-3" me "5-Bitsillin". Kua kitea e ratou he rōpū o paturopi tūturu me kua he rangatira i roto i tona kāwai, e kore ano i puta puka atu tino o raau taero antimicrobial.

1. "Ekstentsillin". kī Tohutohu mō te Whakamahi i te mea he rongoā paturopi beta-lactam o te mahi whānui. Tuhinga hoki ratou whakamahi e whakapeka mate rūmātiki me mate meinga e treponema (pakewakewa, yaws me paina). Wātea i roto i te puehu. e kore e "Ekstentsillin" ā-ako tūtohu te huinga ki kore-steroidal taero anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), mai te mea te reira taea ngā whakataetae. pēhia kia tenei pā te miramira o te maimoatanga.
2. "Rongoā paturopi-Fau" e pā ana ki te rōpū rongoā paturopi. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te maimoatanga o mate hopuhopu o wahi o runga romahā, kiri me kiriuhi mucous, gonorrhea, pakewakewa, timu. Kei te whakamahia te reira i rite te mehua ārai i muri pokanga, ki te mau tonu te rūmātiki murunga, chorea iti, endocarditis kitakita.
3. Rongoā paturopi "koroputaputa" Ko te tairitenga o te takanga mua. mai te reira i roto i te puka o papa granules ranei. E kore e manakohia ana ngā ki NSAIDs me te whakawhānau-waha. E mea pinepine whakamahia i roto i te maimoatanga o mate tamarikitanga.

puka semisynthetic

Tenei rōpū o taero kau matū, whakarerekētia paturopi i takea mai i pakete.

1. Ko te turanga tuatahi i roto i te rārangi "Amoxicillin". Tohutohu mō te whakamahi (te utu - e pā ana ki te rau moni) tohu e te raau taero e te whānui o te mahi, me te whakamahia i roto i mate kitakita tata tetahi wāhi. Ko tōna painga ko e he kainga i roto i te taiao waikawa o te puku i te reira, a i muri i mimititanga i roto i te kukū toto ko runga ake i taua o te tahi atu mau melo o te o tenei rōpū. Otiia e kore e faarahi roa i te "Amoxicillin". Tohutohu mō te whakamahi (te utu i roto i ngā rohe rerekē kia rerekē) faaara e kore e kia whakaritea te tarukino ki tūroro ki mononucleosis, mate pāwera, me nga wahine hapu. whakamahi wā-roa e taea e tika ana ki te nui nui o tauhohe taha.
2. whakaritea te tote konutai Oxacillin te ina hua nga huakita penicillinase. Ko te tarukino waikawa, e taea te tangohia reira-waha, kei te pai riro te reira i roto i te piro. Kei te tere excreted ia i nga whatukuhu, koia ko reira tika ki te mau tonu tonu te kukū e hiahiatia ana i roto i te toto. Ko te contraindication anake - he tauhohenga pāwera. Kei te whakaputaina te reira i roto i te puka o papa oko ranei rite he wai mo te werohia.
3. Ko te māngai whakamutunga o penicillins semisynthetic - he ampicillin trihydrate. Tohutohu mō te whakamahi (papa) tohu e te mea he whānui o te mahi hihinga, e pa e rua karamu-kino, me te karamu-pai huakita. Kei te pai te nohotahi e tūroro, engari kia kia hoatu tūpato ki te hunga e tango anticoagulants (hei tauira, te iwi ki disorders o te pūnaha Cardiovascular), kia rite ki te tarukino potentiates tona mahi.

whakarewa

Penicillins e hokona i roto i te pharmacies rite te puehu mō te werohia. Na reira, hoki whakahaere rō-uaua intramuscular ranei, rewa me ratou kia i roto i te wai. I roto i te taiao kāinga kia whakamahia ai te wai māturu mō te werohia, isotonic otinga konutai pūhaumāota novocaine rua-ōrau ranei. Me mahara te reira e kore e waiho mahana rawa te whakarewa.

Tuhinga, contraindications me ngā pānga taha

Ko te tohu mo te maimoatanga rongoā paturopi he tātaritanga: lobar me kakā lobular, empyema, sepsis me te septicaemia, endocarditis kitakita, kiriuhi ua, te tapû. I roto i te hinga mahi tonsillitis kitakita, diphtheria, ngangana kirika, Anthrax, gonorrhea, pakewakewa, mate purulent kiri.

Contraindications ki te maimoatanga o te rōpū rongoā paturopi te moka. Tuatahi, ko te aroaro o hypersensitivity ki te tarukino me ona pärönaki. Tuarua, te haamauraa i te tātaritanga o te haurangi, i hanga e kore e taea ki te whakauru i te tarukino ki te tīwae tuaiwi. Ko te hapū me te hohipera, i roto i tenei take me nui nui te painga e tūmanakohia nga tūponotanga ka taea, no te mea he permeable ki penicillins te arai placental. I roto i te fariiraa, te rongoa tamaiti ki rangitahi whakawhitia ki te ara tetahi o kai, mai tomo te tarukino te waiu.

kia puta pānga taha i te maha o ngā taumata.

Ka taea e CNS pānga taha kia whakapairuaki, ruaki, irritability, meningismus, haehae, me te ara pōroa. E whakakitea tauhohe mate pāwera rite pāpaka kiri, kirika, mamae tahi me te ngawhatanga. He kua take o ru anaphylactic me te mate. No te mea o te mahi bactericidal taea candidiasis tara, me te waha, me te dysbacteriosis.

whakamahi āhuatanga

Me hoatu Whakatūpatotanga ki tūroro ki ate waimaero me mahi tākihi, ka tāuta kore ngakau. Ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te tūtohu i te whakamahi o te iwi e e pängia ana ki te mate pāwera, me te hunga e whai i te tūtohutanga â ki cephalosporins.

Ki te ra e rima i muri i te tīmatanga o te therapy he kahore tauiraa i roto i te huru o te manawanui kihai i haere mai, kia whakamahia analogues ka rongoā paturopi ki rānei whakakapi rōpū paturopi. Tukutahi ki te whakarite, mo te tauira, te taonga "Bitsillin-3", e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i te tiaki o te ārai o te superinfection fungal. Ki te mahi i tenei, tuhituhi i roto i antifungals.

Me whakamārama ki te whakamārama ki te manawanui e mau i te rongoā, kahore arumanga take tika foaki microorganisms resistance. A ki te hinga hiahia reira taero atu kaha e meinga pānga taha nui.

Kua riro analogues rongoā paturopi mahuinga i roto i te rongoā hou. Ahakoa ko reira te rōpū tuwhera tuatahi o paturopi, ka takoto ko ia tonu e hāngai ana mō te maimoatanga o te meningitis, gonorrhea me te paipai pākewakewa, kua he tūāwhiorangi makona whanui o te mahi me te pānga taha ngawari, kia taea te whakamahi i te reira i roto i ngā tamariki. O te akoranga, rite ki tetahi rongoā, i roto i penicillins i contraindications me ngā pānga taha, engari kei te wāhikē ratou e whai wāhitanga mō te tono.