Organelles Non-membrane: hanganga me te mahi

E hanga nga pūtau katoa o kaiao ora ake o te wē membrane, karihi, me te cytoplasm. Ko nga organelles me inclusions te whakamutunga. Organelles - he hanganga tūturu i roto i te pūtau, ia o nei mahi mahi motuhake. Inclusions - he hanganga rangitahi e ngā nuinga o glycogen i roto i nga kararehe, me te māngaro i roto i ngā tipu. mahi ratou i te mahi tārua. Ka taea e inclusions e rua i roto i te cytoplasm me i te kopu o organelles takitahi pērā i chloroplasts.

organelles whakarōpū

Tei runga i te hanganga, kua wehea ratou ki ngā rōpū nui e rua. I roto i te cytology membrane tuku me organelles kore-membrane. Ko te tuatahi e taea te wehea ki e rua subgroups: odnomembrannye me dvumembrannye.

Na roto i te odnomembrannym organelles ngā te kiriuwhi (reticulum), Golgi taputapu, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, melanosomes.

Na roto i te dvumembrannym runga rite organelles pungaraungao me plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts). E ratou he hanganga rawa matatini, a kore anake e tika ana ki te aroaro o rua kiriuhi. Ka taea hoki e ratou hanganga hakari i runga, me te ara organelles katoa, me te DNA. Hei tauira, i roto i te kopu o pungaraungao me ribosomes kia kitea punaraungao DNA (mtDNA).

Hoki membrane-kore organelles ngā ribosomes, te pokapū pūtau (centriole), microtubules me microfilaments.

organelles Non-membrane: mahi

E hiahiatia ana Ribosomes ki synthesize pūmua. Ko ratou kawenga mo te tukanga translation, arā, deciphering te mōhiohio e ko i runga i te RNA karere, me te hanganga o nga mekameka polypeptide o te waikawa amino takitahi.

whai wāhi pokapū Cell te i roto i te hanganga o te muka mitotic. Kei te whakaputaina te reira i roto i te tukanga o te whāiti pūira me te whāū.

Taua organelles kore-membrane rite microtubule cytoskeleton i hanga te. mahi te reira i mahi hanganga me te waka. I runga i te mata o microtubules kia neke rite matū motuhake, me nga organelles katoa, pērā i pungaraungao. puta tukanga waka mā te pūmua motuhake i huaina nekeneke. pokapū Microtubule whakahaere ko te centriole.

Microfilaments taea whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga o te huri i te āhua pūtau, me te te hiahia ki te neke i ētahi rauropi pūtau-tahi pērā i Pūora. I tua atu, ka taea e tetahi te hanga i te momo o ngā hanganga nei ngā mahi e kore e matau tino.

hanganga

Ka rite ki te ingoa kōrero, organelles kore-membrane whai hanganga kiriuhi. E tito ratou o pūmua. Etahi o ratou i roto i hoki waikawa karihi.

Ko te hanganga o te ribosome

E kitea ana ēnei organelles kore-membrane i runga i nga taiepa o te kiriuwhi. Ribosome he āhua porohita, tona diameter ko 100-200 Angstroms. Enei organelles kore-kiriuhi ngā o rua nga wahi (subunits) - iti, me te nui. A, no te kore e mahi i te ribosome, he wehe ratou. Ki ngā ratou, āta aroaro o te konupora konupūmā ranei ngā katote i roto i te cytoplasm.

I te tahi taime, i roto i te kōtuitui o ngā rāpoi ngota nui taea te ngā pūmua ribosomal ki ngā rōpū i huaina polyribosomes polysomes ranei. Ko te tokomaha o ribosomes i roto ia ratou e taea e rerekē i 4-5 ki te 70-80, i runga i te rahi o te rāpoi ngota pūmua synthesized e te e ratou rānei.

Ribosomes ngā o pūmua me rRNA (waikawa ribonucleic ribosomal), me ngā rāpoi ngota wai me katote konganuku (konupūmā konupora ranei).

Ko te hanganga o te pokapū pūtau

I roto i te eukaryotes, e tito enei organelles kore-membrane o rua nga wahi, ka karanga centrosomes, me tsentrosfery - ngā wāhi mama o te cytoplasm e karapoti te centrioles. Rerekē te take ki te ribosomes o tenei organelle te nuinga o te wā hanumi. Whakatakotoria he o centrosomes e rua i huaina diplosome.

Kei roto i ia centrosome o microtubules e kua whiri ki te hanga porotakaroa.

Ko te hanganga o nga microfilaments me microtubules

Ko te tuatahi ngā o actin me ētahi atu contractile pūmua pērā i myosin, tropomyosin me etahi atu.

Microtubules he ipurau roa, kau roto, e tupu i te centrioles ki nga taha o te pūtau. Ratou diameter - 25 nm, me te roa e taea e i maha ngā nanometers ki te maha mitamano i runga i te rahi me te mahi o te pūtau rānei. E tito ēnei organelles kore-kiriuhi matua o te tubulin pūmua.

He Microtubules Kei te ketia tonu organelles iu. Kua kitea ratou me-mutunga, me te mutunga tōraro. Piri ana te tuatahi tūturu ano ki te rāpoi ngota tubulin, me i te tuarua e piri tonu ratou.

Hanganga o organelles kore-membrane

Te kawenga mō te hanganga o te nucleolus ribosome. Ko reira te hanganga o te RNA ribosomal, te hanganga o nei whakawaeheretia e DNA ribosomal kei i rohe pūira motuhake. Ko te pūmua e hanga ake enei organelles e synthesized i roto i te cytoplasm. I muri iho, e kawea ratou ki te endosome, te wahi ngā reira ki te RNA ribosomal, hanga subunit iti, me te nui. Na ka neke organelles rite ki te cytoplasm, a ka i runga i nga taiepa o te kiriuwhi taratara.

Ko reira i roto i te pūtau mai i töna tïmatanga pokapū Cell. Kei te hanga e te reira na roto i te wehewehe i te pūtau whaea.

mutunga

Ka rite ki te mutunga, tapaea tatou he tepu whakarāpopototanga.

Na e matau ana koutou inaianei katoa e pā ana ki te organelles kore-membrane, e te hunga e wātea ana e rua i roto i te tipu, me te i roto i te kararehe, me ngā pūtau fungal.