Neoclassicism i hoahoanga: te whare rongonui me kaihoahoa

Hoki ki kēnana tawhito i roto i te toi tupu tamau. i hanga ataahua rawa a tahi, whakairo, peita o te wā puāwaitanga. huaina te tino wā roa i roto i te hītori o te toi te Neoclassicism mo te whakaoranga o te kēnana tahito o te ataahua me te panoni o ratou i raro i te mana o te ao hou. Neoclassicism i roto i te hoahoanga mahi ahua rerekē i roto i nga whenua rerekē Pākehā. O ngā moni ki te tikanga o te mau parau tumu matarohia o kaihoahoa Russian whakakitea.

idiosyncrasy

Tona mahi matua i roto i te hoahoanga neo-puāwaitanga kite te hoki ki te pakiaka o te ahurea Pākehā. Kua meinga te timatanga o nga whaipara tangata i roto i Kariki me Itari i roto i te rau tau XVII te ngākau nui o kaihoahoa ki te mau parau tumu o kaihoahoa onamata. Kua arahina tenei ki te ahua o te kāhua, i huaina Classicism, e whakawhanake me āta puta ki Neoclassicism. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko te hononga o te whakarerenga iho ki whakamutua whaiāipo. I mua whakataetae enei momo e rua ki ia atu, engari te mutunga i kitea he rota o te whenua noa.

whare kore-puāwaitanga i nui noho noa, te aroha noa me te hangatonu whakaritea ki te waiata. E hoki Neoclassicism he tokanga makehe ki te haapa'oraa o hanganga, te hiahia mo te monumentality, ara pomposity. Architects kore tuhi anake te pūnaha o te tikanga tawhito, engari ahu ki te hanga tuhipoka hou. Hei tauira, Ihipiana Etruscan ranei. huru no te kāhua e pehi i, me te ara nanakia. Mīharo, whare nui-tauine ki ngā āhuatanga Kariki - whakahē e te ki te whare kāhua neo-puāwaitanga.

Periodization o Neoclassicism i roto i te hoahoanga

He etahi maioro te wā "neo-puāwaitanga" hoahoanga. Ko te matua e tika ana ki te huarahi Pākehā, me te Russian ki te tohatoha o ona wā tenei. I roto i Europe, tangohia ana e ia Classicism motuhake (XVII rautau) me te (hawhe tuarua o XVIII, te kāhua o Louis 16 - te tuatoru tuatahi o te XIX) neo-puāwaitanga. I roto i to tatou whenua, ko ahua rerekē te āhuatanga. Hei tauira, i roto i Russia ko Germany, tenei wa tika whakaaro Classicism. A i raro i te hoahoanga matarohia hou auraa te mutunga o te XIX - wawe rau XX. I roto i Russia, te wahi i tino rongonui, me te utu Neoclassicism e wehea ai ki wā e toru.

Tuatahi, ko te rārangi XIX - wawe rau XX, ahu rite te whakautu ki te raruraru o te ao hōu. Ko tōna nounou e whakahe reira ki nui whakapaipai Art Nouveau. I tenei wa, i reira he he retrospectivism au rapu ki whakahauora i te hanganga matarohia, me te tahora. Ko te wā tuarua - 1930 tau o te rau tau XX. I roto i Russia te huaina ano a reira Empire o Stalin. piri ia nga āhuatanga Baroque o Classicism, Art Nouveau me āhuatanga o ngā kura hoahoanga motu. Ko te tuatoru - te 1950. Ia te nuinga huru o hoahoanga American, te wahi i kitea e ratou to ratou ohie apataki hou me ngā puka rahi.

Neoclassicism i roto i te hoahoanga ao

Classicism ko te kāhua kaha tino toi. awhi ia nga toi katoa. Kua arahina Ko tōna whanaketanga ki te putanga o te Neoclassicism, i kore nei i hanga i runga i te peehia parakore o tauira onamata, me o ratou whai hua. Kāhua uri kēnana tahito, te whakakotahi ratou ki te kitenga o hou, me etahi whakatutukitanga motu. I whakatakotoria te parau tumu hoki i roto i te rau tau XVII e Andrea Palladio, nana nei i hanga te rota o whare i roto i Vicenza. Kua riro ēnei hanganga i te tauira mō te whakatupuranga heke mai o kaihoahoa. whakaohokia e ia ake te moni i roto i nga pōhiri o kaihoahoa onamata, me te kihai i mutu ia mo e rave rahi mau tenetere.

Ko te whare tuatahi i roto i "neo-puāwaitanga" kāhua ki āhua hangarite, puta rarangi o tīwae, tuanui domed me facades tapawhā i roto i France. I muri mai, tangohia ake te ia e kaihoahoa i ētahi atu whenua o Europe. A āta ia "dokatyvayutsya" ki Amerika. Neoclassicism - te reira e kore noa tino te kāhua. 'I hono kehé, ko reira he ahua o te au o te whakaaro o kaihoahoa o te mua. whāwhā tupato o nga ngā tikanga whakapumautia me hanga i runga i to ratou pūtake o whare hou ki te hoahoa me te whakarakai whakaaro hou - enei ko nga parau tumu o economists neoclassical.

Neoclassicism i roto i France

i hanga nga masterpieces hoahoanga tuatahi neo-puāwaitanga e Claude LeDoux, e timata ratou mahi i te aroaro o te French Revolution. Ko tōna saltworks i Arc-et-Senans, te whare tikanga i te tomokanga ki Paris, te whare tapere i roto i Besançon ora iho Kariki me tohua te timatanga o te taitahi ngingila i roto i te hoahoanga neo-puāwaitanga French. Ko te māngai tino rongonui o tenei kāhua ko Jacques Ange Gabriel. I roto i te waenganui-50s o te rau tau XVIII hanga e ia he whare nehenehe o te kura Military i te Sharing de Mars, nehenehe Opera Garnier, te Petit Trianon i Versailles, Concorde Square i kaupapa Paris. a ko tana mahi nga forerunners o te tino pokea ana o neo-Classicism i France.

I aru ia i i hanga te rota o kaihoahoa pūmanawa i roto i tenei kāhua. Te reira i Nicolas de Maiziere, nana nei i hanga te mākete witi, Jacques-Denis Antoine me tona hao Mint i te pareparenga o te Seine, Sharl De Wailly me nehenehe whakaari "Odeon". Neoclassicism Ko te whakakai o Paris pera tawhiti. Te hanga ki hanganga pai, domes, whakamahau tapatoru me tīwae inaianei hei tona whakapehapeha.

Neoclassicism i roto i te UK

I roto i nga tau 60 o te XVIII rau hoahoanga neo-puāwaitanga ko te kāhua rû roa i roto i Ingarangi. Ko tōna kaiwhakatū rua kaihoahoa nui Robert Arama ko Uilyam Chembers. Ratou, pērā ratou hoa French, hanga whare te nuinga noho. tae mai Arama Italy, te wahi i hinga tonu i roto i te aroha ki ngā hanganga tawhito me ngā whare A. Palladio.

kehe English Neoclassicism i te aroha atu French me te humarie. Here, utua aro nui i ki te roto, te tino rongonui o e ko te hoahoa Syon Whare ki auaha Etruscan. Ko te riwhi o te iho neo-puāwaitanga Ingarangi ko Dzhon Soun me Dzhordzh nohoanga. Ratou tōtikatia tonu "kāhua o Arama." Ko te whare o te Bank o Ingarangi me te whare herehere i Newgate nga tauira pai o huatau neo-puāwaitanga Ingarihi.

Ko te horapa o te Neoclassicism i Europe

māngai pūmanawa o te Neoclassicism nga katoa i runga i Europe. Hei tauira, i roto i Germany, te mahi pai i roto i tenei kāhua hanga Karl Friedrich Schinkel. hanga pakari me te poto o te kowhiria ngā i roto i te Neoclassicism. He koroheke ona whare, me te taonga hou i roto i Berlin kaitiaki e reworked auaha huarahi ki ngā rautaki puāwaitanga me mahere.

I roto i Italy, tae te neoclassic hanganga maere. A. Palladio, me ona whare whakapaipai i roto i te Venice ko Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini ko La Scala ko nga peara o architecture ao. I muri mai, kua whakahaere Marcello Piacentini i tona ara ake ki te whakamāori i te kainga tupu taonga o te hoahoanga tawhito me te kāhua Palladian i roto i te hauwhā tuatahi o XX rautau. hanga e ia he wānanga matatini ahurei i roto i Roma, a Victoria Square i Brescia.

Neoclassicism Russian: āhuatanga matua

riro te tūranga motuhake te kāhua neoclassical i roto i te hoahoanga Russian. I pā te wāhanga tuatahi ki te upooti'araa i te raruraru o te ao hurihuri, te hoki ki pakiaka puāwaitanga, noho pai o te rapu. Ivan Fomin, Vladimir Shuko, rave Ivan Zholtovsky i te ako o puāwaitanga, ōwehenga koura. tūhura ratou nga masterpieces hoahoanga o Itari ko France, te whakatinana kitenga i roto i o ratou whare. Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te Neoclassicism whakaturia te mahi o te hanga mahi nehenehe whakakororia i te mana o Stalin. Monuments me tauine o enei whare hitimahuta tonu te iwi.

kaihoahoa Russian Famous

Ka taea e hoahoanga Russian e whakakake o te tupuni katoa o toi tino nei mahi i roto i te kāhua neoclassical. whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa koura ki te hei Ivan Fomin. Hoki nga tau maha i oti rawa ia ki te ako o te mau parau tumu puāwaitanga i roto i te iho Russian. nona e ia te mahi ariā e whakatika te kāhua neo-puāwaitanga, me taua whare rongonui rite te whare Polovtseva i St Petersburg Polytechnic Institute i Ivanovo, hanga Moscow Soviet i Moscow. I roto i nga kaihoahoa nei whakaaetia ana whakaaro ki muri neoclassical tu Zakharov, F. Lidval, St. herapima, A. Belogrud me te tini ke atu. Architects Moscow a St. Petersburg kore anake riro te whakapehapeha o e rua pane Russian, engari whakaturia ano hoki te āhua mō te whanaketanga o ētahi atu pa i roto i te whenua.

Neoclassicism i roto i te puka o Moscow

Ko te whakapaipai o Russia e taea inaianei whakapehapeha whakaatu i te masterpieces hoahoanga ahurei i roto i te kāhua neoclassical. Rua wā o tenei kāhua mahue te tohu nui i runga i nga ara. Moscow kaihoahoa whakairo whakapaipai pa tino. I roto i kia huaina te whare tino nui te hapori iwi kāinga, me te "Whare Tower" i runga i Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO fare Mindovsky kaihoahoa Nikolai Lazarev, he toronga ki te Moscow Art Theatre F. Shechtel, te whare o te State Tiaki Bank Ivanov-Shicai. He mōhio ki nga tangata Russian Stalin wā o Neoclassicism. Tenei skyscraper rongonui L. Rudnev, D. Chechulina A. Mordvinova me ētahi atu kaihoahoa.

Neoclassicism i St. Petersburg

Ko te whakatinanatanga o te tikanga ngā o te neo-puāwaitanga St. Petersburg ko te "whare ki pourewa" rongonui K. Rosenstein. I roto i te reira e tu'ati ngā tikanga nga wharekarakia ki ngā āhuatanga o hou, me te matarohia. whakapaipai Northern taea whakamanamana o me te rota o te tahi atu whare i roto i tenei kāhua. Ko te rongonui tino aua whakaurunga: te whare-Abamelek Lazarev kaihoahoa I. Fomin, pokapū Tom de Thomon, māngai o te neo-puāwaitanga mahi fare Betlinga A. Grube, hanga fare wawe hangaia e J. Timofeev Kovarskii me ētahi atu mahi pūmanawa.