Kaihoahoa Bazhenov: ngā meka. Moscow hoahoanga o te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 18

e kore e e oti, kahore te faahiti i te ingoa o te kaihoahoa Russian rongonui rite Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov te kōrero e pā ana ki te hoahoanga o te pa o Moscow.

Wahine whakatarapi Gothic - ko te kāhua o te nuinga o nga mahi ora o Bazhenov tenei. I roto i tenei tikanga, hanga te matatini te Tsaritsyno. Te nuinga o nga whare, me ngā hanganga kei te tino pāngia i wa wa ki, engari mahi fakafoki mai whakahaere i roto i nga wa Soviet me pou-Soviet, i āwhina ki te whakahoki i te nuinga o ratou.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

E kore te te wahi tangohia me te rā o te whanau mohiotia Vasily Bazhenov. I whanau ia Maehe 1, 1737, 1738, ka mate a i runga i August 2, 1799 ranei. i nui kaihoahoa Russian i te hapu o te pā hahi iti. E ai ki etahi puna i whanau ia i roto i Moscow, i runga i te tahi atu - i roto i Maloyaroslavets, ka oho ki Moscow i tau e toru-marama. I roto i te 1753 tomo Vasily te akonga ki Dmitry Uhtomtsevu. riro ia i a ia ona haapiiraa matamua i roto i te hoahoanga me te hanganga. kore kua oti kaihoahoa whakangungu heke mai Bazhenov haere mai i akina atu te āhuatanga pūtea uaua o te whānau ia ia ki te hoatu ki runga ona akoranga, ka haere ki te mahi. I te 1755 ka timata ia ako i te Moscow State University. piokālafi tuatahi o Bazhenov, te Metropolitan o Kiev Eugene Bolkhovitinov, i tuhituhi e ako ano Basil i te Slavic-Kariki-Latin Academy. kairangahau muri, i ta tenei meka. Pea, i roto i tenei ara tamata te tangata fakalaumālie ki whakaara te mana o te pūtahi subordinated reira.

faaiteraa o te taranata

I roto i 1758 i roto i te ngā ākonga runga 16 i runga i te kupu tohutohu o Ivan Shuvalov i tonoa e ia a Vasily Bazhenov ki St Petersburg i te Academy hou whakapumautia o Fine Arts. Ko te whakamātautau tuatahi tauira pūmanawa Vasily Bazhenov haere tīrama ka riro wahi tuatahi i roto i te rangatira o te mahi. ka te tino kaihoahoa o te Russian Admiralty Chevakinsky he kaiwhakaako whaiaro rawa whaihua, rawa nehenehe me te tangata taitamariki mahara.

E toru nga tau i muri mai ka Vasily Bazhenov ko Anton Losenko nga ākonga tuatahi o te Academy o Toi, tohu-karahipi.

ka mau wahi piatanga atu i roto i Paris i te taiwhanga o Charles de Wailly. I muri, ko te kaihoahoa Bazhenov te kaiwhakatairanga matua o te Neoclassicism French i roto i Russia me i nga whakaaro o De Wailly anga stylistic kēnana o neoclassical Moscow.

hoki ia ki a Russia i Mei 1765 ki te tautoko te amipere e pā ana huru maitatai ngaio, me te morare arero. Otiia, ko te whakahaere hou o te Academy i raro ia ki te whakamātautau pakari o te mahi e hiahiatia ana, ka whakarato i te hou tuhinga whakapae kaupapa mahi. I purepure te kuao kaihoahoa Russian e Catherine II me tana tama a Paora. Ko te kainga ki te torona, ka mea hoahoa Bazhenov me hanga o te fare i runga i te moutere o Stone, a i roto i 1766 i akona ai ia Grigory Orlov ki te hanga o te Arsenal. I roto i tenei mahi o Vasily Ivanovich i St Petersburg mutu. oho kaihoahoa Bazhenov ki Moscow, te wahi i noho ai ia, ka mahi noa tona mate.

Kremlin Palace

fokotu'u Catherine te whakaaro o te whakahoutanga o whare te hautoa o te Moscow Kremlin. Bazhenov anaanatae whakaturia ki te mahi. Kua i roto i 1767, kawea ano e ia ki te whakaaro teitei o te hoahoa whakaharahara o te Big Kremlin Palace. ui Orlov te whaihuanga o te hanganga o taua te whare nui, ko te kaihoahoa i roto i tona kite o te noho emepaea noho maro, me te mutunga o te raumati 1768, oti te whakatūnga o te kaupapa. E ai ki tona mahere ko reira ki te tahuri matatini whare nui o Europe, mahi ana i roto i te kāhua neoclassical. I mahara ia ki te whakakapi i te Kremlin tawhito rawa. Ko te whakaritea tonu ki te pupuri i nga hahi anake, kihai ka nei kitea i te awa, no te mea taumarumaru iho taiepa o te whare te heke mai. I raro i te mahere, te tonga katoa anga, taiepa arā shestisotmetrovuyu o Konstantinovskaya pourewa i roto i te rawhiti ki te hauauru me te Borovitskaya atu haere te taiepa hauauru o te Arsenal ki te raki, i ki te tango i te whare e wha-kōrero hou. whakaritea ana Bazhenov ki tuu tika i runga i te pari i waenganui i te mania, me te taiepa Kremlin, i mahara ki te kawe. Ko te kaihoahoa whakaratohia kohatu tāpae hirinaki ki te ārai i te retireti o te hanganga ki te awa. Te whakamahere ki te whakapakari i te uta parepare me rākau paraihia ai.

E ai ki te kaupapa kei te tiaki te rohe karakia hītori, me i roto i te wahi ki te rawhiti o te Kremlin i ki te wahi i hou. i timata ia i te ara toropā hou, haere i te pokapū ki te raki, te raki-uru me te raki-rawhiti. whakaritea te whare i roto i runga i Tverskaya Street. I mahara te kaupapa ki te hei i te timatanga o te ao hou, o te katoa o Moscow. I roto i te 1775, ka whakaaetia ōkawatia te mau tautooraa tahi i raro i te ārahitanga o Pita me te mahere Nikolai Kozhin Legrand.

Tsaritsyno

I roto i te raumati o 1775 Kua whakawhanakehia Bazhenov he tauira tuatahi o Tsaritsyno, e ki te rā e kore kua ora taua. Buildings Bazhenova nga huinga ōrite o whare noa-e tu ana i roto i te kāhua neo-puāwaitanga Russian. I muri i te otinga, me te whakaae o te Empress o te mahere i whakaaetia. Ko te kaupapa tino i ki kia he whare, arā, o ngā whare e rua, te tūhono Conservatory. tikanga kotahi parirau i hoki Catherine, me te tuarua - mo tana tama, me te mahuetanga iho a Paora. Ka rite ki whakaritea he hoahoa tuku iho taera tae Russian ki whakapaipai. whakahe Catherine a tohe i runga i te ohie putanga - taiepa o pereki whero ki te whakapaipai ma, me te kōwhai tāpa ngingilá i runga i te tuanui.

timata Bazhenov hanga o te matatini ki te rarangi mua o whare iti, tatau me piriti, te whakapaipai ki te mutu huatau pai e kua mai kua ngaro. I roto i te 1776, i te mutunga oti reira piriti ahua whakapaipai i runga i te awaawa. i uaua nga mahi no te mea o te kore o kaimahi mohio, me te faahuehueraa pūtea.

I roto i te 1777 wahia Bazhenov te whare tawhito rakau o te rangatira o mua o te whenua, a ka timata te hanga o te whare matua. I hanga te reira i runga i waru nga tau. Ko te tinana matua e rua i tapiritia kotahi atu - pokapū ki ngā tamariki a Paora. Kawana James Bruce, e tae mai te Tsarina i 1784, i maere e te ngaro o te rangatira, te whare mōhiohio. Ko ia kākā ka tono he pūrongo ngākau ki Catherine.

Mutunga o te mahi i runga i te kaupapa Tsaritsyn

I roto i te Pipiri 1785, kitea rawatia ake tae mai Catherine noho wenewene ki te tere puhoi o mahi Tsaritsyno. aromatawaitia Empress Palace rite kāore mō te ora: he ruma rawa pouri, tuanui iti, arapiki kuiti. Tenei tau, i te hononga i waenganui i Catherine a Paora irreversibly heke. whai wāhi te Empress i roto i ngā take o te tauatanga. Na ka tōrangapū hē te whare o te āhuatanga māhanga. whakahau Catherine ki wahia te whare, me te hanga i te whare matua hou. I whakahau Bazhenov ko Kazakov ki te whakawhanake kaupapa hou. aroaro kaihoahoa Bazhenov tona kaupapa ki te mutunga o 1785, engari i paopao ai, a tonoa Vasili. kaupapa whiriwhiri Ekaterina Kazakova. wahia whare o Bazhenov i roto i te raumati o 1786. Kei te whakapono te reira e kore i Catherine tangohia kaupapa o Bazhenov no o tohu Masonic me te kāhua Gothic. e kore e taea e te reira parau mau, rite nga Cossacks i roto i to ratou kaupapa puritia, ka toutou Gothic ko Masonic tohu.

kīhini Building

I roto i te Tsaritsyno noho kotahi atu te hanganga Bazhenova - hanga kīhini, ranei te Whare te taro. Ko te whare tapawha ki tuatahi hangaia mō kohua, warehouses, ruma me te whare mo te kaimahi porotaka koki. E hanga kōkuhunga ki reira i runga i te roto - ki ngā ōhanga me te pononga e kore neke puta noa te kanohi o nga manuhiri, me nga mano e kikī. I runga i te papa whenua o te kohatu kapi katoa ki te kōpaka ma e e nui ki te pupuri i te pāmahana. whakapaipai te paruru katoa te ki ngā tohu :. nga taro o o taro ki ngā wira, mōhiti tupare, Masonic aho, me ētahi atu I reira, kua whakamahia te Whare te taro hoki kōnohete me ētahi atu ngā ahurea. I te tahi taime, i reira he hakari.

Palace Waenga

Opera House, Middle Dvorets Ekateriny, ki ekara rua-ahu i runga i te parapets facades tikanga tuatahi ki te whakamahi mō pōhiri iti e pā ana, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki hoki kōnohete me ngā whakaaturanga i roto i te raumati ranei. Hoki te wa roa e kore te whare i whakamahia i roto i tetahi ara. Mai i ia i reira nga taiepa anake. I te tau 1988 tīmata ia-tau waru mahi fakafoki mai. Acoustics pai o te whare taea reira ki konohete. He te hoki taurima whakaaturanga o mahi o toi.

whare Pashkov

Vasily Bazhenov - te kaihoahoa nei i hanga tetahi o nga tohu o Moscow ao-rongonui. I hanga te reira i roto i 1785-1786 tau Pashkov Whare. maha e taea e kitea hanganga mōhiotia i roto i te peita, tuhi, kāri, ngā pane kuini, pouaka o monamona, me ētahi atu I muri tango i te kaupapa i timata "Tsaritsyno" Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov tango kōmihana tūmataiti i Muscovites rawa. Na, i runga i te pukepuke Vagankovsky hanga e ia he whare nehenehe o te kohatu ma mo te rangatira-rūtene semenov wiki me tana wahine. titiro hanga paruru ki Starovagankovsky motokā, ka tahuri te Kremlin tona taha hoki. Kei te riro te reira i e i roto i tenei ara whakakitea te kaihoahoa tona inoino o te Empress Tsaritsyno.

I muri i te matenga o tangata urikore riro Pashkov Whare he whanaunga tawhiti, ko wai, e marena ana oaoa he uri wahine, i taea ki te roto i te matau hanganga te tamahine o Gold Mining. I muri, hokona te Whare Pashkov takotoranga moni.

kāhua anō Russian o hoahoanga

piri Russian o te kura neoclassical o hoahoanga, artist whakairoiro, theoretician o hoahoanga me te kaiako Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov me ona hoa, me ngā ākonga Matvey Kazakov ko Ivan Starov te hanga i tētahi reo hoahoanga motu Russian e i haukotia e Pita I. I taua wa, whakaturia te whanaketanga tāone Russian te reo o kaihoahoa ke - Quarenghi, Rinaldi, Cameron me etahi atu.

Ko te whiu pouri o te kaihoahoa pūmanawa

He faaiteraa wawe te taranata o te kaihoahoa Bazhenov o arahina ki te porohita o te tangata taonga i roto i tycoons mana me kaitōrangapū, nunui. Ite ore i roto i te tauhokohoko, me te hautoa meinga nga ati i roto i te ao whaiaro, me te ngaio o te ora Vasily Ivanovich. E rua o ona kaupapa hanga matua i whakarerea hoki take tōrangapū pūtea ranei. Kāore i taea ki te kawe i tana kaupapa mō te hangaia anō o te Grand Kremlin Palace ia. I whakangaromia e te Palace Imperial i Tsaritsyno, i ko ki te riro i te matua o Tsaritsyno matatini katoa e Catherine II. Ko tētahi atu kaupapa, te whare Moscow State University, hoatu ara ki koi pakanga ki atawhai mua, kaihoahoa, Prokofiev Demidov, a ka arahina ki te kaihau oti Bazhenov. I mua i tona mate, Vasily tino māharahara e pā ana ki o rātou tamariki te whakarau, no te mea i wehi ia kei kitea e ratou whai wāhi ratou i roto i te mahi hanga, i titiro ia ki rite te mea o whanako, me te hunga tinihanga.

Legacy Bazhenova

kore tonu tonu i matau tino Bazhenova tupu. He feaa e pā ana ki te Kaituhitanga pēnei ki a ia etahi taonga. I roto i ngā, rite ki ranei te whare Bazhenov Architect Pashkov Whare? Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te mahi o ana akonga, i whakaritea e ia i hoki maha nga tau o te whakaako i te Academy o Toi tenei. I muri i te matenga o Catherine Paora whakaritea e ahau Vasily Ivanovich Vice-peresideni o te Academy. Ako o tona tukufakaholo kairangahau maha, i roto i ngā, Ikoa Grabar, Shvidkovskiy DO i mārama mihi ki a ratou he rota, engari e kore e mea katoa. I roto i "Notes i runga i nga mātanga o Moscow" whakataurite Karamzin kaupapa Bazhenova ki a Plato Republic ko Tamati o More Utopia. Pea e te aha ratou kihai i i whakatinanatia.