Morgan pūira ariā: definition, kai taketake me ngā āhuatanga

He aha e tamariki rite to ratou mau metua? He aha e te tahi mau mau utuafare horapa etahi mate pērā i matapo tae, polydactyly, hypermobility tahi, kakakīrehe whēwhē? tangata anake - He aha te maha o mate e pā anake wahine me ētahi atu i? I teie mahana, e matau ana tatou katoa e me rapua nga whakautu ki enei pātai i roto i te whakapapa, arā, te pūira e te manako te tamaiti i ia matua. A ki tenei matauranga, kua takoto pūtaiao hou ki Thomas Hunt Morgan - iranga American. whakaahuatia e ia te tukanga o te whakawhiti mōhiohio ā-ira, me te kua whakawhanakehia tahi me hoa pūira ariā o te tupu (maha i huaina pūira ariā o Morgan), kua meinga nei e te kokonga o iranga hou.

History o whakahura

E riro te reira he ki te mea e ko Thomas Morgan te tuatahi ki te riro hiahia i roto i te take o te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio ā-ira. Ka taea te whakaaro te kairangahau tuatahi nei i tamata ki matau i te tūranga o ngā pūira i roto i te kainga i te mahi Chistyakov, Beneden, Rabl i te 70-80-doma o te rau tau XIX.

Kahore nga kahore whārahi kia kaha ki te taea ki te kite i te hanganga pūira. Na te wā "pūira" ka, rawa kore i,. I whakaurua te reira e te pūtaiao Tiamana Heinrich Valdeyr i 1888.

kaikoiora German Theodor Boveri rite te hua o ana ngā mohiotia e he e tika ana hoki te whanaketanga noa o te o noa tinana mo tona maha momo o pūira reira, me o ratou te taikaha kaimahi ranei arata'i ki malformations kino. Neke atu i te wa, ka tīrama whakapumautia tona ariā. Ka taea e tatou te mea e ka te ariā pūira T. Morgan tona whakawhetai tīmatanga ki te rangahau Boveri.

Tīmata o te rangahau

Synthesis o ngā mōhiotanga i runga i te ariā o te whakapapa, ki te fakalahi me te whakawhanake whakahaere ratou ki Thomas Morgan. Ka rite ki te ahanoa o ana ngā whiriwhiria e ia te rere hua, a kahore i te aituā. Ko te reira i te ahanoa tino mō rangahau o te tuku o te mōhiohio ā-ira - wha anake pūira, hua, roanga poto o te ora. tīmata Morgan mahi rangahau, mā te whakamahi i ngā rārangi ma tami. Ia hohoro kitea e nga pūtau iroriki o huinga kotahi o pūira, e ko whakaraupapahia 2 hei utu o 4. te reira i Morgan pehea te X sex pūira wahine, he toa, - rite i te Y.

kainga Sex-hono

whakaaturia pūira ariā o Morgan kua e reira he tohu tino o te sex-hono. Rere, ki i kawea te kaipūtaiao i ona ngā, i te tikanga he whero-kanohi, engari kia rite ki te hua o irakētanga o tenei ira i roto i te taupori i ma-kanohi takitahi, me i roto i tokomaha ia ratou atu tane. E kore te mea te ira, i te kawenga mō paetata te tae o te kanohi ngaro kei runga i te pūira X, i runga i te Y-pūira. Ko, i whiti wahine, kotahi pūira X e kua he ira mutated, me te tūponotanga toa ferruginous o aroaro o te huru i roto i te uri ka hono ki te patunga witi. Ko te huarahi māmā ki te whakaatu i tenei i runga i te hoahoa:

• P: XX 'x X'Y;
• F _1: XX ', XY, X'X' X'Y.

X - pūira sex wahine ranei ira, kahore te kanohi tane ma; X 'toiwhenua pūira ira o nga kanohi.

Kīa hua whakawhitinga:

• XX '- kawe ira wahine whero-kanohi mua te kanohi. Nā ki te aroaro o te tuarua X-pūira te ira mutated "īnaki" hauora, me faaite kahore āhuatanga tohuāhua.
• X'Y - tane ma-kanohi, e riro i te pūira X o te whaea ki te ira mutant. Na roto i te he kotahi anake te X-pūira kahore huru mutant ki te aukati, a puta reira i roto i te tohuāhua.
• X'X '- riro pūira wahine ma-kanohi te ira mutated i te whaea, me te papa. Ko te wahine anake, ki te kawe e rua X-pūira nga Pakeha ira o nga kanohi, ka puta te reira i roto i te tohuāhua.

Ko te ariā pūira o te whakapapa Thomas Morgan faataa te huarahi o te tupu o maha mate ira. No te mea te ira X pūira nui atu atu i runga i Y pūira, kua mohio ki reira e ko te reira te kawenga mō te nuinga o tohu rauropi. Ko te pūira X i te whaea tuku rite tama me tamahine, me nga ira te kawenga mō te āhuatanga o te tinana, nga tohu waho o te mate. Me ki X-hono i reira ko te wahi tupu Y-hono. Ko te Y-pūira he anake hoki nga tangata, no te mea ki te tupu te reira i tetahi irakētanga, e taea te haere ki runga ki anake ki uri tane.

Ua tauturu te ariā pūira o te whakapapa Morgan ki matau nga tauira o te tuku o mate ira, Heoi, nga uauatanga e pā ana ki to ratou maimoatanga e kore e whakaaetia, tae noa nei.

crossover

I roto i te ako, kitea te tauira o Thomas Morgan Alfred Sturtevant te āhuatanga o te whakawhitinga-mo. Ka rite ki ngā muri, ngā hou o te ira puta no te mea o whiti. Ko ia te tangata e takahi ana i te tukanga hono tupu.

Ko te kupu riro pūira ariā T. Morgan tetahi tūranga nui - i waenganui i ngā pūira huirua puta whakawhitinga-mo, ka takoto tona auau e te tawhiti i waenganui i te ira.

tumu

Hei systematize nga hua o ngā o te kaiputaiao, ka tapae ki te tūranga taketake o te ariā pūira o Morgan:

1. Tohu whakawhirinaki i runga i te ira kaiao tino i roto i te pūira.
2. E haere ana te ira o tetahi pūira i runga ki te uri mamau. Ko nui, te iti te tawhiti i waenganui i te ira te kaha o te adhesion.
3. Ko te ngā pūira huirua kitea tītohunga o whakawhitinga-mo.
4. E matau te auau o whakawhiti atu i te tetahi te pūira, ka taea e tatou tātai i te tawhiti i waenganui i te ira.

Ko te tūnga tuarua o te ariā pūira o Morgan me Morgan huaina te ture.

āhukahuka

i mohio a nga hua rangahau tīrama. pūira ariā o Morgan ko he pakaruhanga i te koiora o te rau tau rua tekau. I roto i te 1933, mo te kitea o te tūranga o ngā pūira i roto i te whakapapa Nobel i whakawhiwhia ki te kaipūtaiao.

He tau torutoru i muri, riro Thomas Morgan te Copley Medal mō te paetae tino i roto i te mara o iranga.

Na ako ariā pūira o Morgan o whakapapa i roto i ngā kura. i oti rawa ia maha tuhinga me ngā pukapuka.

Tauira mahi ki te kainga tupu papa

Kua whakaaturia pūira ariā o Morgan e kua oti te whakarite nga āhuatanga o te tinana e ira whakatakotoria iho i roto i reira. hua taketake e ka Thomas Morgan, hoatu te whakahoki ki te pātai o te whakawhiti o mate pērā i hemophilia, Lowe syndrome, matapo, mate Bruttona.

I kitea te reira e e kei ira o katoa o enei mate ki runga ki te pūira me wahine X, nui iti pinepine enei mate puta, rite taea te pūira hauora takahi i te pūira ki te ira mate. Women kore e mōhio o reira nei, e taea e kawe o mate ira, e ka whakakitea i roto i ngā tamariki.

I roto i nga tangata, mate X-hono, ranei puta tohu tohuāhua, no te mea kahore he pūira X hauora.

Ko te ariā pūira o te whakapapa T. Morgan tono i roto i te tātari o te aamu utuafare no te mate ira.