Operon - he aha te mea tenei?

была впервые предложена Ж. Моно и Ф. Жакобом. tauira Operon i tuatahi whakaarohia e J. Monod ko F. Hakopa. I roto i te 1961 te uiui e ratou nga tukanga e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o E. pūtau coli. I roto i ngā ako matou nga tikanga whakahaere wāhanga DNA whakawaehere te huka waiu (reihuka).

whakaahuatanga

Monod ko Hakopa e whakaarohia he mana tahi-whakaritenga kaupapa o nga wāhanga hanganga o te DNA. hoatu nga pūtaiao reira te ingoa "operon". схемы следующий. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o te ara iahiko, ko te rite whai. rōpū whakaritenga o raupapa DNA whakawaehere polypeptides e e tata e pā ana ki ia atu e ngā mana e ngā āhuatanga e rua. Ko te tuatahi ko te kaiwhakahaere, me te tuarua - te kaiwhakahaere. māngai te whakamutunga te raupapa nucleotide pātata ki whakahaere wahi hanganga. Ki te te pūmua-compressor, tona haapa'oraa ki te kaiwhakahaere ka aukati wae patohanga DNA mahi rite te hua mana. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, ko te tikanga matua mo te hanganga o nga tutukitanga steric mō te RNA polymerase pūhui ki te wahi motuhake o te kaiwhakatairanga. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te tika ki te kōkiri i te tuhi. ka kia Ētahi atu whanaketanga te take, ki te mahi i te regulator apoinduktor. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, ka hanga ona hononga ki te operator tikanga mo te patohanga.

pū

последовательность ДНК, которая состоит из тесно сцепленных кодирующих участков, промотора и оператора. Operon - he raupapa DNA i hanga e te ake o tata hono Tapa rohe, kaiwhakatairanga me te kaiwhakahaere. Whakahaere huānga kia tūnga ai muri ki reira ranei i tetahi tawhiti i reira. Ko maha te kaiwhakahaere i waenganui i ngā wāhi hanganga me te kaiwhakatairanga. He matū iti-rāpoi, e taea te whakahaere operon. в частности, эффекторы, которые являются индукторами или крепрессорами структурных участков, включенных в схему. , I roto i ngā, i te effectors i he whāpoapoa wāhanga hanganga krepressorami ranei ngā tenei i roto i te ara iahiko.

whakarōpū

Kei te piri repressed operon ranei. зависит от характера влияния на их деятельность молекул-эффекторов. Tei te reira i runga i te āhua o te pānga i runga i to ratou mahi o ngā rāpoi ngota effector. piri matou hanganga hono reira te repressor mā te ārai here ki te kaiwhakahaere. Fakatatau ki ai, i reira e ngaahi fakafaingata'a'ia'anga ki te patohanga o te wāhanga hanganga. называется негативной. huaina taua ture ko operons kino. Heoi, kia kia piri te hanganga i te mana pai. I roto i tenei take, herea te effector ki te muingota o te pūmua ture, whakahohe tona apoinduktor. Hono i te operator, ka taea te reira te patohanga. Ēnei momo mana mahi me te whakaute repressed hanganga. Ki te te ture kino, effector, mahi rite corepressor, hono ki te repressor tautauā, me te whakahohetia reira. Ka rite ki te hua, te hua whakamutunga o te kaha ki te uta ki te operator, te kupu ārai patohanga. Ki te te mana pai, here puta ki apoinduktorom hohe. e kore e taea te hono i tēnei matatini ki te kaiwhakahaere. Nō reira, e kore e hanganga wahi patohia hōutia.

ngā kitenga

I roto i te mana tōraro, ko te kupu herea effector te repressor, meinga inactivation whakahohenga ranei. Fakatatau ki ai, piri repressed tuhinga o te operon ranei. I roto i te take o te mana pai, kua meinga hononga ki apoinduktoru. taea ana tēnei tukanga poraka tuhi ranei. Ko te hua, tei runga i te puka e riro apoinduktor ka piri ki te effector.

Ko te hanganga o te E.coli operon

I roto i te E. coli reira ko te hanganga he te kaha ki te rīriri reihuka. Kei roto te reira i te kaiwhakatairanga me kaiwhakahaere toru wahi DNA hanganga. Tapa gengalaktozidaza kitea whākōkī galaktozidpermeaza, tiogalaktozidtransatsetilaza. Hoki ia o ratou kua ona ake ira. Ko te operon ngā wahi Lac Z, Lac A, Lac Y. Origin encodes gengalaktozidazu catalyzing te reihuka ki te kūhuka me galactose. pāhekoheko Lac Y ki galaktozidpermeazoy. Tenei whākōkī whakarato te waka o te huka rerekē. Lac A encodes tiogalaktozidtransatsetilazu. Ko tōna tūranga, heoi e kore he mārama i roto i te tukanga o te tuku o te waiu, huka,. Tikanga, ka kitea katoa o te pūmua i te pūtau o Escherichia coli i roto i moni wahi. Heoi, ka tupu i roto i tona taiao, ai mahi reihuka te waro me te pūngao pūtake kapu, whākōkī tupu tau 1000 wā.

kōtuitanga constitutive

включает в себя структурный участок lac 1. Им кодируется белок-репрессор. operon reihuka ngā te 1. wahi Lac hanganga whakawaeheretia ratou repressor pūmua. I roto i te āhua kaha, he mea he tetramer, i hanga nei e o wha kape wahi Lac 1 - he polypeptide ngā i te 360 waikawa amino. Pūtau ki huringa i roto i tenei ira i runga i te ariā o te pūmua constitutive whakawaeheretia Z Lac, Y me te A. I roto i tenei take, he taea tenei ki te reira ko te kore anake ngā irakētanga i roto i te repressor, engari i roto i te tauākī. Taua huringa e cis-ngoi tonu. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te operator, rite te ātete ki te repressor, e taea te awe e te taea o te tuhi anake ina kei roto i tata ki te kaiwhakatairanga tenei. Ki te reira i roto i te pūhui pūtau-piri, haere mai ratou ki te operator i roto i te whakataetae mo te rāpoi ngota repressor.

inductors

kia waiho ratou hononga rerekē. Reihuka mahi e rua hei inducer me rite te tïpako. I roto i ngā pūtau noa, me te i roto i te ngaro o piri mahi paru wäriu o te pūhui whakarato te taea o te kătahi o reihuka i roto i moni iti. Ka rite ki te hua o te reihuka tauhohenga catalytic te puta ki allolactose. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, herea ki te repressor me whakaoho reira i te momotu i te kaiwhakahaere. Tenei taea te polymerase RNA ki te ū kaiwhakatairanga. Tenei ka tīmata te patohanga o Lac Z, A me Y. pūhui mahi anake rite inductors, IPTG ko TMG e whakamahia ana ki te ako i te mana o te operon reihuka.

huānga mahi papû

meinga ratou tāututanga te diauksiey. Ko te ngako o tenei tītohunga ko e te whakamahi o te reihuka haamata i muri anake i te whakamahi o te kūhuka i katoa e wātea ana i roto i te reo. Diauksiya - tetahi o nga mau faaiteraa o catabolite tāmitanga. mohiotia ana tēnei pānga i 40s te kūhuka. te rau tau whakamutunga. Kei te whakahuatia te reira i roto i E. coli ngoikore ki te catabolize warowaihā rerekē i roto i te aroaro o te kūhuka. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, mahi rite he puna pai ake o te pūngao.

Ko te tikanga o te pānga

taea e kīa nei te reira i Pastan me Perlman. kitea ratou nga mea timatanga e rua e kua patohia hōutia operon lac-. небольшая молекула-эффектор – цАМФ (циклический аденозинмонофосфат) и белок-активатор катаболизма САР. Ko te effector iti muingota tenei - puni (huringa monophosphate adenosine) me activator pūmua catabolism ATS. I roto i te eukaryotes, mahi te tuatahi i rite te takawaenga o te mahi taiki. I kitea te reira e te tua o te puni ki E. coli pūtau, tipu i roto i tētahi taiao ki te aroaro o te kūhuka, decelerates tona tere, engari kua nekehia reira tāmitanga catabolic. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, ai te taea o te faaiteraa o te raki-operon i roto i te aroaro tukutahi o te kūhuka, me te reihuka. I muri i te tahi wa kua he hononga kōaro. aukati te mahi o te kōtuitui paru puni e te kūhuka.

mutunga

Te tuhi o te operon ko raro i te mana rua - kino, me te pai. CAP-puni matatini āhei te polymerase RNA ki te hono ki te DNA tātauira mua ki te tukatuka. I tēnei wā, deciphered pūtaiao te mekameka nucleotide oti o te rohe ture o te Lac-operon, i roto i nei i reira ko te operator me te kaiwhakatairanga. Ano, i roto i te 1969, i tohaina ia tona kongakonga DNA parakore kei te raki 1 kaiwhakatairanga me tino raupapa operator, Lac Z me te raki Y. kongakonga I roto i te ako i kitea ai e te wāhi nui i roto i te pāhekoheko o te pūmua multimeric ki DNA no hanganga hangarite - kōaro rite . Ko te kaiwhakahaere te raki-operon o ratou hakari 26. I te wa ano 14 o ratou he rerekē pū. mekameka rerekē lau ratou te taua, engari i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga. Kōaro rite tāutuhia i roto i te wahi kaiwhakatairanga me te pāhekoheko ki te matatini o te puni-CAP.