Ko te pūtau organics nui rawa

whakahaere pūtau matū whakarato mo te aroaro o ngā matū me pūhui. Ko te kupu, he mea whakau ki te aroaro o te whänui me microelements, te wai me te tai kohuke. Roto i roto i te pūtau, me te organic rauemi, te nui rawa o e whakatau ona āhuatanga. whai hoki ēnei pūhui te pānga i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga o te kaiao rite te katoa. Me kï reira e te hanganga matū o te pūtau tipu me te kararehe, ko te ōrite ki te taumata ngota. i reira e te tahi mau rerekētanga i te taumata rāpoi.

He tokomaha matū organic e āhuatanga pūtau i roto i taua ratou hanganga ngā rāpoi nui (macromolecules). Tikanga, Kei tukurua ratou rite i roto i te hanganga ki pūhui iti-rāpoi. E hono ana e te here kotuari kua hanga e me te waetahi enei pūhui. Te waetahi, i roto i te tahuri, i whai ahua ai te rāpoi ngota e kiia nei ko te waerau.

Ko te pūtau organics nui - he ngako, waikawa karihi, warowaihā me te pūmua.

pūmua

pūkete ratou hoki e pā ana ki tekau ki te rua tekau ōrau. Kei roto ēnei waerau kōhikohiko waikawa amino rite waetahi. Pūmua (i roto i te rite ki ētahi atu pūhui) e hua ana ki ētahi āhuatanga nui. Tuatahi, enei pūtau i matū organic taimaha rāpoi nui. Hei tauira, te taimaha o te uaua pūmua 15 00000 kDa, engari, mo te tauira, Ethyl waipiro rāpoi - 46.

Hei wāhanga o te waerau o pūmua kitea e pā ana ki e rua tekau waikawa amino. Ia o ratou kua ona ake hanganga, te ingoa, ngā āhuatanga. rāpoi ngota waikawa amino uru o rua nga wahi. Ko tētahi wāhanga ko te taua hoki te katoa, a ka ngā he rōpū waikawa me te rōpū amino. He rerekē te atu wahi, a ka kua karangatia e "tuwhena".

Pūmua tākaro he wāhi o te puna o te pūngao. Roto te pūtau wahia iho ki waikawa amino enei pūhui. Etahi o ratou e whakamahia mo te kōtuitanga pūmua, i te tahi atu wahi whakawhānui tukanga wāwāhi hohonu. I roto i te whakamutunga, ka tukua te pūngao te.

warowaihā

Ēnei organics pūtau Kei roto hauwai, te waro me te hāora. Kua wehea warowaihā katoa ki monosaccharides me polysaccharides. E hono ana te rahinga o te rāpoi muri ki ia atu te wai tuku,. Ko te kupu, he hukarau.

Warowaihā ngā i roto i te kawe o te mōhiohio tuku - te waikawa karihi.

lipids

Tenei rōpū ngā tika matū ngako-rite me te ngako. Lipids i te hanganga rerekē. Heoi, kua farii katoa ratou ki te āhuatanga whānui. He rewakore i roto i te wai, ko te kupu ngāwari wairewa i roto i chloroform, benzene, Etere me ētahi atu whakarewa organic lipids.

Fats me pūhui ngako-rite tākaro he wāhi nui. Ko te rahi o te lipid pauna maroke - 5-15%. Ko te kupu i roto i te tahi mau pūtau te ihirangi tae 90%. Ko reira i roto i te waiu kararehe katoa ngako. I roto i te aihe wahine, mo te tauira, te rahi o te ngako i roto i te waiu - e pā ana ki 40%.

waikawa karihi

E ahu mai ana te ingoa o enei pūhui i te kupu Latin "Karihi" (karihi). Kua tāutuhia ēnei matū ka taratahi Fridrihom Misherom o ngā pūtau nucleated. pūhui tohaina ngā ūkuikui me te hauota I te tau 1869, te tau o te biochemist Swiss.

waikawa karihi e nui pūhui taimaha rāpoi. whakarite ratou te tiaki me te tuku o te mōhiohio ā-ira i roto i ngā kaiao ora. Ēnei biopolymers e hanga e o ngā waeine waetahi o nucleotides, e kua roto i roto i te nui. Nucleotides whakatau nga āhuatanga matua o te rauropi ora.

DNA - rāpoi ngota polymeric, e ngā o te maha nui o waetahi - deoxyribonucleotides. RNA Ko te waerau. Ko te waetahi reira protrudes ribonucleotide.