Tukanga matawhenua - he aha te mea tenei? tukanga Matawhenua me tītohunga

kore whenua tukua ki te mahue i ona noho. Ētahi tukanga matawhenua me ari maere tatou, ka te haruraa i etahi atu - whakawehi, me te hanga e koe whakaaro e pā ana ki te Periara o ngoikore tangata i mua i te ope, me te kaha o te natura. I te wa katoa taua kei te tupu e runga i to tatou paraneta, e tatou tata kōtuitui o, me te taupuhipuhi.

He aha e nga tukanga matawhenua? He aha te mea te reira? A me pehea te mahi rerekē ratou i ari tūturu?

Ngā Tītohunga me ngā tukanga i roto i te matawhenua

Hoki te tīmatanga ko reira ia tapao e taea te rerekētanga i waenganui i te ariā e rua e kore tonu mārama tohu ara ahorangi tairanga geographers. Kei te maha raruraru tukanga Geographical me tītohunga ki ia atu, karanga tetahi ki tetahi. Hei tauira, te hanganga o ana (rahi kōwhao raro) tukanga Karst ētahi wā ka karanga, a ētahi wā - āhuatanga Karst.

Kia tamata o ki te wehewehe i waenganui i enei ariā e rua. A hoki tenei ko reira whai hua ki te kōrero ki te pūtaiao taua, he rapunga whakaaro.

Ko te tikanga o te pūtaiao i raro i tukanga (i te tukanga Latin - «tere", "rere") ko te raupapa o āhua o te huringa i roto i te whanaketanga o te te tahi mea. Ko te āhuatanga - te reira mea katoa e taea ana ki te kite sensually te tangata ko (e ko, ki te kite, ki te ite, ki te whakarongo). Hei tauira, e kore e taea e te tangata e mohio he aha e tango te wahi tukanga i roto i tona tinana. Ko te ara koi i roto i te pāmahana (i roto i tenei take, ka taea e koe te karanga i te āhuatanga) e korero ki a koutou e he he te tahi mea. Otiia hoki ki te matawhenua ...

rerekē tukanga matawhenua akiaki pae tino. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, rerekē ratou i roto i te wā. I roto i tahuri, i te taiao - he mea he ahua o tohu o nga huringa e tīmata rerekē tukanga matawhenua. Tenei, hei tauira, ka taea e waiho he hūnga nui o te puia. I roto i tenei take, tenei āhuatanga ko te putanga o mahi o ngā tukanga nekeneke kaha i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua.

tukanga Matawhenua - te reira ...

Ko te Koinei matamaha, me te kanorau to tatou ao whenua. Ko tōna anga (ao) e tango tonu wahi he momo o tukanga matawhenua. Tenei, mo te tauira, te puiatanga me te maunga whare, denudation me te haaputuputuraa, cryogenesis me solifluction. Ko te tohanga o papatipu rangi me te kaupapa o kōpaka, rawa, ngā enei.

Ko te kupu, ngā tukanga matawhenua - he aha te mea tenei? A he aha te mea ratou pūtake? Kia tamata o ki te whakautu i ēnei pātai.

tukanga Matawhenua - tukanga katoa e tango te wahi i roto i te kōpaki matawhenua o te whenua. Ko enei hua mutunga te nui huringa o te taonga pūngao ranei puka whenua. He mea nui ki te mōhio e te kaha o enei tukanga huri i runga i te wā, kua whakatere reira, ka pakanga te reira iho.

tukanga Matawhenua arahi ki te taonga kaha me te nekehanga o te pūngao i roto i te anga matawhenua. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, whai wāhi ki tona huringa kounga.

tukanga Matawhenua: whakapakoko me tauira

No tukanga i roto i te whakaoho, me te popohe āhua e kore e tupu noa rite taua. Ia o ratou kua ona take pakiaka, to koutou turanga. Na e puta tukanga māori i raro i te mana o pera-ka karanga ā (endogenous) me waho (exogenous) ope o te whenua. Ko ratou te hunga e kawenga mō te puiatanga, te rū whenua, me te pera i runga i.

kia kia whakahuatia te whai kia rite tauira tukanga physicogeographical:

• puiatanga;
• hanganga Sotaiete (rawa hanga maunga);
• hanganga oneone;
• tohanga kōhauhau;
• denudation me te haaputuputuraa;
• auaha;
• cryogenesis;
• solifluction;
• te horo whenua, me te t. d.

E tano ia tapao e kore he mea katoa e tupu i runga i te ao me te i roto i ona rire tukanga matawhenua tenei. Images, whakaahua me ngā whakamārama taipitopito o etahi o ratou tuku i raro. E tauturu te ratou ki te mahino pai te āhua, me ngā āhuatanga o ēnei tukanga ahurei e hanga te kōpaki matawhenua o te ao.

ope Endogenous me exogenous o te whenua

Āhuatanga e tīmata tata nga tukanga katoa e tango te wahi i roto i te kōpaki matawhenua, e taea te wehea ki e rua momo:

• endogenous (ā-roto);
• me exogenous (ke).

E hono ki te pūngao e puta hohonu i roto i te ngakau aroha o te ao nga ope endogenous o te whenua. Ko nga kaiwhakakökï mō taua tukanga rite magmatism me kāhuarautanga ratou, whakapataritari nekehanga o paraharaha lithospheric.

puta tika tukanga exogenous i te mata ranei i te komititanga o te lithosphere me kōhauhau. ngā horo, horo wai, abrasion, a na i runga i enei. D.

Ki te te kaha tuatahi (endogenous) hanga manawa whenua ao, te muri (exogenous) - whai wāhi i roto i tona hoahoa, te hanga i te puka ahurei mata o te whenua.

Denudation me te haaputuputuraa

whakarerekētanga o te awhina whenua he tika ki te rua taiao (i ētahi wā ka kīia ki rite arowhenua) tukanga - denudation me te haaputuputuraa. A whakahaua ratou mahi kei te ritenga. Otiia, he tata kōtuitui o ratou, ka hanga i te kotahi katoa.

Denudation i roto i te tātai i huaina matatini tukanga whati me toka whakawhiti. E hāngai ana ratou i runga i te kaha o te mahara, me te mahi o te hau, te wai me te tio e rerengia. I raro i whakaeminga pā ana ki te tukanga o te whakangaromanga o te haaputuputuraa rauemi.

Ko te whāinga matua o te denudation - "tapahia" puka te tauturu pai. Ko te whakaaro matua o te haaputuputuraa o te ritenga atu rawa me ko ki te whakapiki ake i te momo heke o mata o te whenua. Ko te hua whānui o enei tukanga e rua ko te mata noa tīaroaro o te ao, te whakangaromanga o ngā pūnaha keri me te hanganga o mania whānui.

Ko te tukanga i runga ake-whakaahuatia i roto i te pikitia matawhenua e whai ake. I roto i te whakaahua tuatahi - he tauira o te denudation o mata o te whenua.

I roto i te whakaahua tuarua - whakaeminga Tauira kanapa o te rauemi wewete (i roto i tenei take whakaatu te hua o te wai e rere ana).

Volcanism me te maunga whare

Ki te i roto i te tua ki te whakaeminga me denudation i roto i te ao kei te kore ite tetahi tukanga, hohoro ka kia puta ke to tatou paraneta ki te mania nui, me te flat. Ko kite tatou e fenua o te whenua extraordinarily kanorau. Te aha?

Ko ohie te whakahoki: hangaia nga tukanga endogenous o nga ope whenua rite ki te hua o nei mara te te-pae i runga i (te whakangaromanga) o ngā pūnaha maunga, i reira e hou - hanganga teina. E huaina ēnei tukanga whare maunga. Na puta ana ratou, puta noa i te aamu geologic o te whenua (rite ki kaipūtaiao, he pā ana ki 4.5 piriona tau).

tawhiti tohunga pūtaiao "haurongo" o te ao mō te rima wā o kotuituitanga. Te ora nei tatou i roto i te tau o Alpine kotuituitanga, e "hoatu" te hanganga maunga ao pērā i te māeroero, te Himalayas, te Andes me te Caucasus.

Ko te tino uaua Hanganga o mata o te whenua ki te whakaaro, kahore te puiatanga. Ko tetahi tukanga e te tika whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o te whenua planetary tenei. I raro i te puiatanga mahino he fakakātoa 'o te tukanga meinga e te kaupapa o te tokarewa i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, a ka tukua e te reira ki te mata. Ka rite ki te hua - i runga i te tinana o to tatou paraneta i reira he piere nekeneke, ngā puia, me waiariki.

tītohunga Geographical: momo me tauira

Ka rite ki te mea e mohiotia i te akoranga geography kura, i reira e wha kōhauhau o Papatūānuku. Ko te lithosphere, huru, ōnuku, me te ao koiora tenei. Fakatatau ki ai, Whakaröpütia taiao katoa rite ki o ratou wahi o te take i roto i te wha rōpū:

1. Arowhenua (hei tauira, ru, horo, taka toka, horonga huka).
2. Meteorological (afaá, ahiohió, aniwaniwa me te t. D.).
3. Hydrological (waipuke, āniwhaniwha, waipuke, a na i runga i. D.).
4. Koiora (ahi urutā epiphytotics etc).

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, i tetahi āhuatanga tūturu korero te putanga tika o te tukanga. Hei tauira, he ahi a St Elmo - he āhuatanga e puta rite ki te hua o etahi tukanga i roto i te huru.

7 ari tūturu rerekē

I te pae hopea, whakaaro tatou te tino mīharo, fakamisiteli me ngā ari tūturu whitu:

• Mirage - he āhuatanga tūturu, i rongo, pea katoa. Ko te tokonga whatu, i te mea te puna o superheated rangi tenei.
• Thunderball - ngingila te amipere i roto i te take mai hiko rangi me te nekehanga mātauranga whakapae. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga ari, te āhua o e tonu te mea ngaro ki kaiputaiao.
• ahi o St. Elmo - he ao marama te amipere e ara ake i runga i nga pito koi o te taonga tino whakanohoia (tihi rakau, nga rewa o kaipuke, nga parirau o te manureva, etc ...). whakatika ratou i mara hiko tiketike i roto i te huru.
• Ko te Belt o Venus - taonga whitiki papura i waenganui i te rangi, me te pae, e taea te kite i roto i ngā wāhanga ki te ihirangi puehu tiketike o te kōhauhau.
• kapua Lenticular - me kapua tonu ataahua mīharo i roto i te puka o arotahi, e kua hanga e runga nga ngā tihi o nga rerenga rangi.
• Bifurcation - he āhuatanga hydrological ahurei, me te kaua onge. Tenei wehenga o te teihana ā-ki e rua awa motuhake e rere ki awaawa motuhake, me te kore e hono muri.
• amo te marama - te ropu ahurei o te marama (ma atu ngā tae ranei), tupu tino maha i roto i te rangi po. faataa tēnei āhuatanga te ata tāhapa tioata iti ataahua e kua roto i te huru.

I roto i te mutunga ...

Ko te kupu, ngā tukanga matawhenua - aua tukanga e puta i roto i te whenua, ka arahi ki tona huringa i roto i te kōpaki matawhenua. Ko ētahi o ēnei puiatanga, denudation, whakaeminga, tohanga kōhauhau, ngā tukanga o te hanganga oneone, me te whare maunga, me ētahi atu.