Ko te Order o St. Anne. Order o te Empire Russian

Ko te Order o Saint Anne whakaturia i roto i 1735 e Duke Karl Friedrich, he Tiamana i te whanau. Ia i roto i 1725 marenatia te tamahine a te emepera Pita ahau, Anna. I te tīmatanga i riro te tikanga rite he tohu dynastic, engari i roto i te heke mai kua puta ke tino tona tūnga.

e kore Duchess Anne roa noho i roto i te faaipoiporaa oaoa, a mate i roto i 1728, i muri tata tonu i te whanautanga nui o te kainga meake nei ki te torona. I muri i te matenga o tana wahine aroha o Carl Friedrich faaoti ki rohi tona mahara mā te whakawhiti i te whakapakoko o te Tiuka ki te whakapakoko i runga i te Ota o te whakatupuranga kainga muri ki te torona. I roto i te ora o te Duke o tenei tikanga riro matou 15 kaupapa Tiamana ki.

Mai taua wa, i puritia poto nga rangatira o Russia i te mana, ka mahue te torona ki tūkunga tua atu ratou mana.

Mahuetanga Elizabeth II

Ko te kainga i mua nei ki te torona o Russian me Holstein ko Carl-Pita Ulrich. riro ia te torona i muri i Elizabeth II, nei i kahore tama a ratou ake, kua whakaritea e te ture e pā ana ki te hanga i runga i te torona o tona iramutu, i muri nei i kawea te tamaiti i te Duchy o Holstein i Russia.

tūnga State Order

Mai ko te Order o St. Anne te tohu dynastic, oho ia ki a Russia, Pita III o, ka Grand te Kaiwhakaako o te Order i runga i te kainga i tona papa, ka mau e ia te tohu teitei o te Duchy o Holstein ki. Kia i roto i 1742 ia kake ōkawa ki te torona, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te Ota i roto i te ana'iraa o te tohu kāwanatanga i roto i Russia.

Ko te kainga hou ki te torona

Ko te hītori o te Russian Empire tika ki tonu matou ra i te mau ohipa fakamamahi, te nui te nuinga o nei ko te take i mahue te tohu e ngaropoina ana i runga i hītori hou. ¶ Na i roto i te 1762, ka te kingitanga o Paora III o, i roa e pā ana ki 6 marama, mutu fakamamahi. A ka rite ki te hua o te he mona ki te hūnuku i te torona, i hanga nei e ia tana wahine ake. I muri i tona matenga, ka te mua-orurehau Russia he kainga hou ki te torona - Paora ahau, i whanau nei i roto i te 1754.

Catherine II Poari

Ka rite ki i te wa o te mate o te Emepara o nāianei Paora ahau i taitamariki rawa ki te tohutohu i te torona, kei te taimaha katoa o te poari i runga i nga pokohiwi o tona whaea, ko wai i tika te kawenga mō te mate o tona papa. Ko te hītori o te Russian Empire i tenei wa whiwhi te whakanui nui ki te whanaketanga i raro i te ahunga o Catherine II. Te kore te feaa, ko te Empress tino rongonui o te wa i waho o Russia.

tikanga Secret o tohu

Ahakoa te meka i taa ê i te tohu o te Empire Russian huatau motuhake, ua Paora ahau mana'o i hopohopo ai rite i roto i te pā ana ki te Order o St. Anne. Ko ohie te take nui. I tetahi o tikanga a Moscow, whakaritea i roto i te 1762, Paora i te aroaro ahau te wa tuatahi te ataahua o Anna Petrovna, tamahine o te PV toofa rohe Lopuchin.

Ko na pai te Hiha i tohe ia i runga i te neke ia whānau katoa i roto i St Petersburg ia. riro papa o Belle i te Hiha te taitara o rangatira, me te tumu utuafare. Mai taua wa, i te translation Hiperu o te Anna ingoa - kua meinga te whakapehapeha o nga Lopukhins whānau rangatira - "te aroha".

Mai i tenei momeniti tīmata te kōrero matua o te Ota i roto i mua-orurehau Russia. E ai ki ngā tuhinga e pā ana o te whānau o te emepaea kua ora e ki te ra nei. whakapono Catherine II huru faatura ki te tama a te Order o kēmu o tamariki rorirori, engari mai i taua wa, ka rite ki te kingi heke tutaki i fariiraa ki Anna Petrovna, ka anga ia ki te kawe atu me te ngaro tikanga. Na, te auraa te Order o St. Anne ki a ia kia rite ki te nui rite mo te kaiwhakarewa o te Order o Karla Fridriha.

Tārua o te Whakatau, riro te tūnga kāwanatanga

E ai ki te reta tiaki i waenganui i te Empress Catherine II me kaiako Paora ahau, i hanga te tikanga emepaea motuhake, kia rite ki nei i ahau Paora he tika ture ki te tohu tenei tikanga i runga i mo tona tetahi rangatira nui, rere ke toa motuhake.

Ko mo te Hiha whakakeke kihai i nui tenei, a ka ua faaoti ia ki puku whaea pāharakeke, e kore e whakaaro tika o te Order o St. Anne utu, te waihanga maha kape iti ki ōpaki ki te utu o ratou kaupapa. Kakahu ia ratou ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i te ngoto o tona hoari i roto i te tikanga ki te, ki te tika, e taea te ngāwari huna i te reira i prying kanohi, a i roto i te take o pakanga patu hipokina e tokua.

Ko te kore o te rangatiratanga Tiamana ia

I roto i te 1773 rawa whakarere Catherine II tika katoa, taitara, me haamaitairaa e kua whakaratohia ki a ia me ona kainga torona Holstein. Mai taua wa, i te tikanga o te 1 tohu ka kore e whakawhiwhia ki te kainga o te whare emepaea, engari ka rite ki a Paora ahau noho te Ariki Grand e pā ana o te Order, noho ai mo te tika mōhiohio ki te utu ia ratou i runga i to ratou ake.

Koroneihana o Paora ahau

hinga ahau koroneihana o Paora ki raro i runga i Noema 12, 1797. I tenei ra, ia accedes ōkawa ki te torona, a ka riro te mua-orurehau te Russia i tona kōrero o te kingi hou, tetahi o nga tikanga tuatahi o e ko te hanga o te Order o St .. Anna ki te paetukutuku o ngā tohu kāwanatanga me tona wehenga ki 3 whānuitanga nui. Na whiwhi he kape o te tikanga, i hanga nei i roto i te taitamarikitanga o te Hiha, mana ā-ture, me te tukinotia 3 nekehanga.

I te tīmatanga i riro te reira e ka whakawhiwhia rangatira o Russia rite ki te Order o anake nga rangatira. Order o ahua he tika ti'aturi i runga i te tohu ki i no ia. Ko tōna rahi i runga i te taumata kei hora i 3.5 cm ki te 5.2 cm.

1. Order o St. Anne 1 tohu - waikura ki taimana. Kakahu tenei ahua o Order okioki i runga i te rīpene whero whanui ki whiu kōwhai e whakawhānui haere te taha. whakawhiwhia ratou ia wā ki te whetu hiriwa. Na i te whetu ki te pore i runga i tona pokohiwi matau, me te Order roto i te maui. I te kei te papamuri koura i whetu waru-oka i roto i te pokapū o i whakanohoia he ripeka whero. Huri noa i paea ai i roto i nga pukapuka Latin i ahu mai te tumu o te Order Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem Fidem, reira, i taea te faaoti i te whakawhiti i whakataua e ratou te iwi karakia pono, me te.

Kua tae Whero o te ripeka kua tutuki e pani ki tohu, e karapotia ana e te rohe koura kikokore. I roto i te pokapū o te ripeka i kei i runga i te ahua o te putanga Tiuka Anna White i runga i te-roa tonu. Reira hoki karapotia e te rohe koura. I te taha ki whakamuri i tū ai whirihora Order monogram Duchess te whakamahi i tohu ki puru. Runga ake te ahua kanohi o Anna whakapaho anahera tokorua pupuri i roto i o ratou ringa i te karauna emepaea.

I roto i te 1829, i anake tohu hoatu nga fakahū taimana ki tangata ke, a mai 1874 i whakamuri ahua o te karauna emepaea i runga i nga whakahau o te tohu tuatahi.

2. Ko te Order o St. Anne 2 nekehanga - kakano karaihe tapahi mai te kohatu. Ko reira tika ki te kakahu a tawhio noa tona kaki, ka titia ki te rīpene kuiti. Fele, Kei te whakawhiwhia ai ki takitahi, e kore ki farii i te whakapono Karaitiana, me kaihokohoko. Heoi, i whakakapia tenei whakapakoko o te Order o Anna i te ekara-ahu rua. I runga i te muri o te tikanga i hanga e te tae Azure whakaaturia whakarāpopototanga AIPF tumu o te Order, ko tona whakaaro ko ki faahaamana'o whakawhiwhia, e te Tuhinga ko te tamahine a Pita I. Te hiriwa Star kore te okioki.

3. Order o St. Anne 3 tohu - te kē tino noa. Kakahu i okioki ki te ngoto o tona hoari. Ko te porohita iti i roto i nei kei te tohu ki ripeka i roto i te whakakai o te rauemi taua, ki i hanga nga wahi e rua i roto i te tae kanapa whero.

ke 13 nga tau i muri i te aronga ōkawa rite te tohu kāwanatanga e mau ana i te ture i. Na i ahau ki te titi reira ki te Panatū, te tae o i ko ki tonu te tohu: no nga whakawhiwhia ki hōia civilians ranei. E ai ki te ture o 1847, te Order o 3 nekehanga, i whakaritea e te reira ki te utu rangatira e kua mahi i te iti rawa 12 tau i runga i te taua tūranga o kahore iti iho i te 13 piha haapiiraa. Mai reira, kua te tohu mau riro i okioki ki rite te utu mo te mahi roa.

4. Ko te Order o 4 nekehanga a St. Anne - i whakapumautia e te tama a Paora ahau - Emperor Alexander I. Kei te whakawhiwhia tenei tohu anake ki rangatira hoia. i mahara Order ki kakahu ki runga ki te patu whakamahia e te i te puka o ngā hōia, whakawhiwhia nei te mata.

I roto i te kaupapa o te Russian Emperor Alexander ahau, ko te Order o 4 nekehanga i "karani". Ko te mea, ko te e kore e nui ake i tona rahi 2.5 cm, a ko rite te tae taua rite tenei kākano. Ki te te rangatira nei i mua i whakawhiwhia te Order o te tohu 4, whakawhiwhia i mahara utu teitei ki te kakahu ratou i te wa ano.

Ingoa Order nekehanga 4 I puta ke rite kotahi tau i muri i te ture huringa pehia Order kākahu 3 nekehanga. "No te toa" i teie nei i mahara ai ki te tāpiri i te pouaka huinga-tihi whakahauanga.

Ko te hītori o te tohu

Tīmata i 1857 puta te emepera he ture i roto i nei rangatira hōia i whakawhiwhia ki te Order, te wahi whakakapia te whakapakoko o te Tiuka Anna i te taha e rua nga hoari whiti kore anake, engari piko ano hoki tae kanapa whero, a riro kotahi ano te matauranga o te iwi haamauraa, no te mea i teie nei tetahi nei kite i te tohu ōrite, ka karanga te "rangatira o te Order karani" ki muri i tona hoki.

hanga āpā o Order "karani" i runga ki te Revolution o 1917 , ka i mana whakakorea nga tohu katoa o te kingitanga tsarist te kāwanatanga hou.

tikanga potae nga whakahau 1 me 2 tohu i tino whakarerekētia, ahakoa kihai i pā ai te auahatanga me te kaiwhiwhi o motu ke.

ao hou, o te Order

I te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, a puta ke i te tukanga mō te maui i te Order o 3 nekehanga. Kua mai 1847 i roto i te tikanga ki te hei tirotiro o te tohu i hiahiatia ki te mahi i roto i te ope i te āpiha pou ranei e kore e iti iho i te 8 tau. I tua atu, atu a ke te titiro o te tikanga o te 3 nekehanga. Mai 1855 i honoa mai 2 nga hoari whiti ki reira.

Tae noa te waenganui o te rau tau XIX, tangata katoa e i whakatakotoria mo te tohu, riro i roto i te tua etahi painga mo te Order. Na, i roto i te tua ki tetahi tohu o te Order i mahara ai ki a te taitara Tā, engari no te mea o te nuinga tiketike o ngä kaiwhiwhi tenei ture ke, ka mahue te rangatira iwi i te ingoa anake hoki whakawhiwhia iwi te Order o te tohu 1. Etahi hoatu taitara pai kapu, e kore te whakawhiti ki riiwhi.

I roto i taua take, ki te whakawhiwhia nga tohu i kaihokohoko ranei tangata kihai i nei i tahuri ki a Karaitiana, ka ratou tangata hōnore o te Russian Empire, i Tā.

Ko te tuakiri tino pai-mohiotia, whakawhiwhia te Order:

• Rūtene Tianara Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - whakawhiwhia te Elizabeth.
• riro Holstein te Order o St. Anne - Generalissimo Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov.
• Kutuzov, riro te Order o St. Anna rite tona tohu tuatahi i roto i 1789.

Mo'uí Tohu Paetae

kōrero tohu. Anna Medal o Anna, ranei whakapumautia i roto i 1796 e Paora 1 ka ko he mētara koura-whakakikoruatia, i ko te pokapū o te ripeka whero. I whakawhiwhia te reira ki te hōia, i nui tūranga matua 20 tau.

I tua atu ki te tohu i okioki atu me utu moni, te nui o te mea tika ti'aturi i runga i te kaiaka me te ka mana kia whakawhiwhia, me i taea tae $ 100.

Order 3 ranei 4 kahore te kopere, me te moni i whakawhiwhia ki te whakatenatena rangatira kore-whakahau ano, te roa o te mahi i hanga e kua neke atu i te 10 tau.

Awards o te Empire Russian

• Tono Andreya Pervozvannogo - Pita whakaturia e ahau i roto i 1698. Utu ratou mo to ratou toa, me te ngākau pono ki te whenua, me te Hiha. E ai ki te kōrero, Pita te nui, i hoki mai i te haerenga ki Ingarangi, hiahia ki te whai i te mētara rite te mea i kite ia i roto i Russia.
• Order o Liberation - whakapumautia te Pita te nui i roto i 1713. I roto i te ora o Pita riro ahau i tenei tohu i nga ringa o te Hiha tana wahine anake Catherine A .. ka mau te hui fakangalongata'a wahi Whiringa 24, 1714.

I roto i te heke mai, i whakawhiwhia ratou nga wahine o tau Russian rangatira mo nga mahi pāpori whai hua. I hapu tuatahi reira rite te utu whanonga tika o te wahine emepaea i roto i te pakanga Prussia kāore i roto i te 1711.

E ai ki te kōrero, i muri i nga hoia Russian i karapotia e te Turkey, takoha Catherine ratou whakapaipai ki utua te rangatira Turkish, na muri hōia i roto i te rangimarie me te hoki mai te kāinga. kihai i Ite o tenei hui whakaū i te whakawhitinga o mea rite te utu, engari i tuhia whanonga tika hapu Empress i te hōia katoa. i māka 2, āhuatanga e rerekē gemstones kuti Order. waikura te tohu tuatahi i ki taimana, me te tuarua - te karaihe tapahia maunga.

• Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - Catherine haamau ahau i roto i 1725. Tikanga ki te utu rangatira tūmatanui tuarua. hanga hoki te wa tuatahi te tohu i rite ki te tikanga i te ra o te marena o Pita ahau ki a Catherine I. riro te tohu i 18 te iwi.
• Order Military o St George - haamauhia e Catherine II i te tau 1769. Whakawhiwhia ki hoia nei i whakaaturia te itoito ngā i roto i te whawhai. i ahau e wha nga nekehanga o te rerekētanga.
• Order o Prince Vladimir - haamauhia e Catherine II i 1782. Whakawhiwhia ki ngā kaimahi, me rangatira o nga rarangi waenganui. E kore te te maha o nga kaiwhiwhi whāiti. Kei te hangaia te reira i roto i nga nekehanga rerekē wha.
• Order o kōrero. Anne ko Maltese Cross - haamau Paora ahau me tana tama Alexander ahau, tāpiri kia honohono. 4 nekehanga a Anne i 1797. Whakawhiwhia ki ngā kaimahi hōia me civilians, rite whakanuia ratou i mua i te kingi. puta Order o te Maltese Cross ka hopukia ana Ihipa ko Malta, tapaea tika Napoleon ki te emepera Paora ahau ki te whakaae i te rangatiratanga o te Ariki Grand o te Order o John o Hiruharama.
• Order o te White Eagle, te Order o St. Stanislaus me te Order o Virtuti Militari - whakaturia e Nicholas ahau i roto i 1831. Enei whakahau ko te wahi o whakahau Russian i muri i te rironga o te Russian Poland. I te aroaro reira ki nga hoia Polish mō te toa i roto i te whawhai. A maui enei whakahau anake i taea te kawea i roto i roto i rima tau i te rā o te mutunga o mua.
• Order o Princess Olga - haamauhia e Nicholas II i 1913. Whakawhiwhia ki te wahine mo te whanau o te mahi tūmatanui. E ai ki te Order o te tohu i taea rānei emepera ia, te tangata i roto i tona ringa, ko tetahi pōkairua emepaea motuhake ranei.

I te mutunga o tenei tuhinga e hiahia ana ahau ki te haapapû kotahi ano te takoha tino taonga o mua-pāhoro Russia te whare whakatakoto tikanga i roto i te hanga o te āhua hou, he ki runga ki te takanga o 1917 taea te ata i runga i te whakahau riro e te tuakiri tino kōhure o te wa te hītori katoa o te hanganga.