Ko te kaitākaro pai i roto i te ao: ko te geniuses nui e toru

I roto i te mau tenetere e rua whakamutunga i hoatu e te hītori o whaikīngi kēmu te ao he maha nui o ingoa nui. Ko roto ia ratou, taea tonu e koe te whakanui te hunga e taea te huaina nga geniuses nui. te kaitākaro rahi katoa - e toru. Ko Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, Pol Morfi tenei.

Garry Kasparov: haurongo, me te tuatahi angitu

Garry Kasparov - te poto nui o chess. Ka rite ki te toa ma toru ao, i mahue ia i tona mahi i roto i tona pirimia. Ko mohoa noa nei, te kaitākaro pai i roto i te ao ki te pee i te pai o tona kēmu.

whanau Kasparov i roto i te utuafare i kuraina i roto i Baku i 1963. Ana matua, e rua papa, me te whaea he Engineers. No tetahi e matau rite nei tau tuatahi ka hiahia i roto i te whaikīngi, Harry. Motuhēhē kotahi anake te take - ka i rima tau te tamaiti, te whakaaro ia ki tona Étude otinga papa, i whakaputaina i roto i te niupepa. Drawing whakarongo ki te kaha o to ratou tamaiti, ua faaoti te mau metua ki tonoa ia ki te wāhanga chess.

whiwhi taitara

I roto i te tuatahi o nga tau o ako, kua riro Harry te paetukutuku tuatahi i roto i te chess. I te wa ano, ka tonoa Harry te rite te mema o te rōpū Azerbaijani i Vilnius. He te heke mai, ko te kaitākaro chess pai i roto i te ao mohio ki tona kaiako a muri, kaitohutohu me te hoa Aleksandrom Nikitinym. I runga i te tohutohu o Nikitin, tīmata Kasparov ana rangahau i te kura i te reta chess Botvinnik me te tino hohoro ka he pēteliake chess kaiāwhina.

I roto i te 1974, te whakawhetai ki nga tautooraa o tona whaea, e tango Harry he ingoa hou (tona ingoa i whanau ko Weinstein), a tae noa iwi. I roto i te 1975, Kasparov ko te rangatira i roto i te Soviet Chess Championship i roto i juniors. I te 1980, te tuatahi riro ia te taitara o te Grandmaster. I roto i te 1984, ka tīmata te reira i te aroraa rahi i waenganui i rua roroa o Chess - Garry Kasparov me Anatoly Karpov. Ko te whawhai mo te taitara mutu i roto i 1985, maui te taitara ki Kasparov toa chess 13.

Pol Morfi: te tau wawe

Ao te o nga kaitākaro pai i roto i te ao, me te tonu ngā te tuawha toa - Paora Morphy. I whanau ia i roto i New Orleans, i roto i te utuafare tika rawa. Mai te wawe tau miharo tona mahara maha ngā pakeke. Hei tauira, ka haere ahau ki te ture whare i miharo e matau ana te taitamariki Paora i te ngakau nga ture katoa o te State o Louisiana waehere ā. Tona matua keke, ko tetahi o nga kaitākaro chess nui o te pa. Ua haapii tamaiti tangata nga ture o te kēmu - kua taukei ia te toi o ratou ake. I te tau o te 10 tau, ko Pol Morfi tetahi o te pai i roto i New Orleans.

Whiwhi i te taitara toa

Tīmata whakatakotoria chess mahi o Paora Morphy i runga i te whakataetae chess ao i roto i London. I tau 20 ka e ia te kaitākaro chess pai i roto i Amerika, te patu ana tāwhai katoa. I roto i o te rau kēmu ngaro ia 5 anake - me o te hunga patua e ia i te kaitākaro pai i roto i te ao. I roto i te aamu katoa o te whaikīngi Grandmaster ko kihai taua e pai kia rite ki te kāhua o te tākaro Morphy. ka whakanuia e ia i te tere, tino ihi me te fakaaoao.

Ko te kaitākaro tino tautohetia i te hītori o Bobby Fischer

Te tekau ma tahi World Chess Champion ko American Bobby Fischer. I whanau ia i roto i Chicago i 1943. he Hurai nei noho i roto i Switzerland Mother o te whaikīngi heke mai i. Matua - he kaikoiora Tiamana nei oho i te Soviet Union i Chile.

Bobby Fischer, i roto i te tua ki tona taitara, mohiotia me tauākī rerekē. Hei tauira, rite te taure'are'araa, kī ia e te kura - te wahi, ko te tino horihori, me te kore e wahine mahi i reira no te mea o tona wairangi. I roto i te whānui, ahakoa te meka e he Fisher me ētahi atu kaitākaro runga i roto i te ao i roto i te rārangi kotahi, kei te kiia tenei poto rite tetahi o te tangane'ia'ia tino me te whakahawea tino.

kaha rerekē, whakakitea i roto i te tamarikitanga

Fischer takaro chess mai ko ia e ono. Kei te pera kawea atu e te kēmu o whaikīngi te tamaiti, ka mutu ia ki te kōrero ki nga tama a tona tau, tautohetohe e i roto ia ratou kihai i kitea e ia he hoa e tika mo te kēmu. Te whaea faaoti i te tuatahi ki te haere ki te tākuta, engari whakamarie ia te wahine, e mea ana e chess ko te arearea pai me te kahore mōrearea i roto i te whanonga o te tamaiti te kore. timata Mother ki te titiro mo te hoa mo te tamaiti kēmu i roto i pānuitanga niupepa, engari e kore nei tetahi i ahei ki te kitea. I muri mai, ka karanga a Bobby Fischer chess tona "e whakarereketia huru."

Ko te Tūkorehu tino rongonui

I roto i te 1972 whakahaeretia e ia te whakataetae Fischer tino pai-mohiotia - ki te kaitākaro chess Soviet Borisom Spasskim. I tū te whakataetae i roto i Reykjavik. I reira piro Fisher 21 te whakauru ia, me te tiki i te taitara. I muri mai, Heoi, Fischer, mo mea katoa take, paopao te tuku ki te whakataetae ki a Anatoliem Karpovym, a ka hoki e rua tekau nga tau i arahina he āhua reclusive.

hiahia ke Bobbi Fishera

Kua toutou korerotia e ia tōraro e pā ana ki te whenua rerekē: he aha e pā ana ki Russia, e pā ana ki Tiorangi, te Hononga o Amerika o. ko Fischer i runga i te taahiraa pai ki te māngai o te momo o ngā rōpū warea - pērā i te feia poro o titorehanga rerekē, me te te mafia. tamata hoki Fischer ki te waiho uri, e pai ai ira ōrite ki a ia - ki te kia riro e tona homai.

Ko te kaitākaro pai i roto i te ao. Nei ratou e taea e ngaro?

Ko te kupu tipu te whakarau o tetahi o te poto chess nui. Heoi, e kore te mea he rārangi ngaio tenei. 10 kaitākaro pai o te ao nei i teie mahana - te reira Carlsen Magnus, Vladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, Teymur Radzhabov me ētahi atu. Ki te tātai i te kaha o te whakamahi kaitākaro chess te pūnaha whakatauranga waea pera-ka karanga. I whakawhanakehia te reira e te pūtaiao American Arapara waea. Tae noa 1989, te raina tuatahi o te whakatauranga ka mau a Bobby Fischer i muri i - Garry Kasparov.

He aha e pā ana ki te whawhai ki te rorohiko?

Te mea faahiahia, i teie nei e taea te takaro ara nga kaitākaro chess pai i roto i te aamu ki te rorohiko. ka mau te ōrite taua tuatahi wahi i roto i te 1996, ka ngaro Garry Kasparov te supercomputer Deep Blue, e taea e te arotake etahi 200 miriona tūranga ia te rua. Heoi, i roto i te kēmu tuarua, ka mau Kasparov utu rorohiko. Na reira, i muri i ngā kēmu e rua unu, i riro te muri e rua e ratou.