Kaipeita Russian, ariki o frescoes me ngā ata Gury Nikitin: haurongo, auaha me meka ngā

Kua tonu kua rongonui mo tona tikanga taonga me te ngohi nui o taranata Russia. Gury Nikitin - tetahi o nga whika tino rongonui, me te nui i roto i te peita Russian me iconography. Life me Mahi o tona puta i roto i te rau tau XVII, a mahue he wahi kanapa i roto i te hītori ahurea o Russia. Ahakoa taunakitanga o te kaitoi, i haere mai nei ki raro, ki te ra hakari, rawa sketchy, ka tonu noho tona mahi, kāhua takitahi varua tiketike o te wa whakamutunga nga urupa.

biography

Ko te rā tangohia o whanau he unknown Gury Nikitin. Pakeke ko reira te timatanga o te tau 1620/1625. Ko te pa te kāinga o te artist heke mai ko Kostroma. Nikitin - Ko te pseudonym o te kaitoi, ranei, kaua, ingoa waenganui (Nikitich - Nikitin). Tona ingoa tūturu - Kineshemtsev. I mua ki tona faateiteiraa i roto i te toi, puritia ia e rave rahi toa hokohoko i roto i te tote me te ika rarangi.

whānau

Matua Gury Nikitin (Nikita Kineshemtsev) mate i roto i te 1653 i roto i te whiu, na ko te matenga o te whaea whānau Solomonic. I roto i te teina o Guria Luke, rite ranei i huaina ai te kāinga, Auchka. I whai wāhi ia i roto i te shoemaking.

I tua atu ki tona whaea me te teina, i roto i Guria nga whanaunga Mikaera ko Fedor. Ko ratou āhua iwi pai-atu. I muri i te mate ratou riro Gury Nikitin etahi toa pa i roto i Fur, huruhuru me rarangi ika.

Mō tona iconographer ora whaiaro mohiotia hoki tino e ko ia e kore faaipoipo, a i kahore tamariki. Ka kitea tënei e te urunga i roto i te pukapuka i hanga roa Landratskoy i muri i tona matenga. āta reira tangohia nga tau o te mate o te kaipeita icon (1691) me te kore o te kainga.

hanga

Gury Nikitin i te wawe tau ki te hei taranata auaha. Hea i kuraina ia, e kore e mohiotia. Ko te imi tumuaki o tona mahi VG fokotu'u Bruce e taea kaiako Nikitin kia Vasily Ilyin - Kostroma mohiotia toi me te kaipeita o te wā.

Otiia i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi wāhi ia ki te whakatairanga o te whaea auaha o te iconographer heke mai. Rumakina i roto i to ratou ao, i taitamariki Guri he whare pai, te kai, me te whānau hoa. A i roto i nga wa uaua ki te waihanga i tētahi wahine Russian rite mahue kahore tautoko, ko reira uaua. I muri, ka riro i te ahua o te wahine me te whaea i te wahi motuhake i roto i te mahi o Nikitin.

Tona ara ki te toi kihai i ohie. I muri ka haere mai Guri i te whānau mahi-piha ohie, i matara atu i te iconography. wheako nui o te kaitoi i whiwhi, ka he wahi o te pāmu i peita Kostroma Moscow hahi (Trinity Ekalesia, Anahera Cathedral i te Moscow Kremlin). I tua atu ki toi i Kostroma, i reira mahi kaipeita pūmanawa o Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Moscow.

Tenei kaupapa auaha ngū o te wā i ki taahiraa maro tuatahi o Nikitin i te hītori o te toi. whakamatauria e ia ia kia rite ki te kaipeita pūmanawa, riro Guri maha fakaafe i hahi Siu Russian me o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich mō ngā pikitia, me te tuhituhi / whakaora o ata.

kāhua takitahi

A paraparau e pā ana ki te nui, me te tohu o te peita icon Russian, tohu tonu fakaangá ki te poto ahurei e ko Gury Nikitin. Ana peita - ko reira he ranunga ahurei o te decorativism me monumentality i roto i te hua kotahi. Ko reira kahore tāpiritanga orua te pua o tona auahatanga ki te ara o te toi whakapaipai, me te ma'ongo'onga i roto i Russia (te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVII.)

te mahi katoa o te kaitoi me te icon kaipeita tino he kāhua ahurei, kāhua takitahi. hanga ana e ia te hanganga o peita i runga i te parau tumu o kore tapua hangarite, tono nga rerekē o te marama, me te whakamarumaru. tohu fakaangá i nga akiaki roto, tikanga o te manawataki i tuhituhia whakapakoko. I tua atu, i te frescoes Gury Nikitin hipokina te whānui o ngā tae ngā, e tino whakarei ake te pānga whakapaipai o nga tito.

mahi nui

Whakahua o te fakatupu toi tuatahi e pā ana Nikitin ki 1650. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te peita i te whakamahau o te hahi o te raa, me te Tokotoru Tapu Cathedral i Kostroma. frescoes nuinga rongonui Gury Nikitin i Cross Tapu Cathedral i Romanov (inaianei Tutaev) (i inoi. 1650-doma.), i roto i te ohu o Danilov i Pereslavl (1662-68gg.), I roto i te Cathedral o te whakaaro (Rostov Kremlin, 1670) me te Ekalesia o Iraia te peropheta i (Yaroslavl, 1680). a ka pania e ata hararei mo te Nikitin whakamutunga.

1666 Ko te uaua, tahuri wa mo te hahi Russian. ka mau a Nikitin he wahi kaha i roto i te anō o peita a te whare karakia. no ona ringa ki whakapakoko o hoia taparahi me te maha whatiwhatinga o rahi hanganga "Fakamaau Last".

iconography

Whare kaipeita me icon kaipeita kihai i matara, i te Cathedral o te Ihowā te. O te akoranga, kei te whai wāhi tika tenei meka i roto i te whakapaipai o te temepara o Guria. Ko te tino a Tūrongo, peita, ata Gury Nikitin mo te karakia e 1667-1672 tau.

I roto i enei tau i tuhituhi e ia te kauri whakakopa ata whakahau ano e Kuini Meri Ilinichny. I te aroaro o te hanganga ki a ratou i roto i te ara taua e tuhituhi i te pokapū i te whakapakoko o te wahine o Kazan, i runga i te tika - Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, me te maui - te kaiwhakaatu o Agrippina me Evdokia. A hoki kua reira kua hanga e whitu ata mo te Patereareha o Anatioka Macarius.

He rota o te ata i pania e Nikitin mo te whakaaro Cathedral. I roto ia ratou: "Ko te whakawa Last", "Omen", "Descent o te Tapu. Wairua "," Kazan i roto i te mau semeio. "

whakaaro tona mahi whakamutunga ko ki he icon o "Faufaa Tahito Tokotoru" Gury Nikitin mo Trinity-Sypanovskogo Cathedral i Kostroma, tuhituhia i roto i te 1690.

mahi pēnei

He he maha o nga mahi toi e pēnei ki Gury Nikitin nei Kaituhitanga. Heoi, kihai i ratou i farii rawaka tukunga. Ko ētahi o ēnei "Theodore Ata o te Mother o ki te kōrero te Atua" (1680), "maratiri Kirik me Iulita" (1680s), "Ko te Elevation o te Cross" me te fresco o te Ipatiev Monastery i Kostroma. E ai ki ngā pūkete hītori, etahi o ratou (hei tauira, "Theodore Ata ...") e kore tika mahi o te kaitoi, me mahi fakafoki mai mohio o mua.

meka ngā

noho Gury Nikitin i wahinetanga me noho takakau, engari kihai i whai i tona hapu i roto i te minita tawhito. Ae, a kihai i tangohia e te kaipeita taurangi. Tenei whakatau noho te mea ngaro ki to'utangata o te toi. Heoi, i hoatu te record ahua whakamahara Nikitin i muri i te rā o te mate o te papa o te whānau te ingoa Helena-skhimnitsy. Ko te kairangahau whakaaro i haere tenei ingoa hahi Guria whaea (Solomonic), i te mea kua i te tau matatau ki te ohu whakapono.

I roto i te 1659, ka ui Moscow kaipeita pūmanawa mō te peita o te whare karakia, i Kostroma haere ahau Yemelyan Pushkarev. Heoi, i ia nui waewae, a hohoro i tonoa e ia ki muri. I tona hokinga mai ia te maha o ngā rangatira-teina tūtohu, i roto nei ko Gury Nikitin. Ko te artist kua pai haere tohu, me i 1660 riro te mana o te tuhinga icon kaipeita ahau.

Gury Nikitin ko tauira tuakana (kaiwhakahauhau ranei) Artel Kostroma kaipeita. Ahakoa te maha o monū mo te pou, tukinotia rawa tino te toi i roto i to ratou mahi, me te kore e taea te tauturu, te mahi i runga i te par ki hoa me te ake noa. A, no te hanga i te Ipatiev Monastery me Ekalesia o Iraia te peropheta i, runanga e ia nga takiwa o ratou ake frescoes heke mai, me te dorisovki mahue akonga.

Ko te ingoa "Guri" tikanga mau "kaimahi manawanui." Ko reira taua, me te Gury Nikitin. Ko te pātītī tona koioranga, engari nga haamana'oraa o to'utangata whakaaro e ko te kaipeita te tangata karakia, me te-wehi i te Atua. Na roto i te tuhi ata whakatata tonu kawenga me ki te taha toi, me te wairua. Ko te take, ka timata ia ki te tuhituhi i te whakapakoko o to tatou Lady o te Theodore Lent, i muri i whaki, me te tahitanga. I muri, i roto i te ropu fakalotu i Yaroslavl, whakakitea tenei whakapakoko merekara o whakaora.

ko Gury Nikitin tika maha ki whakahokia te ata tawhito me ngā pikitia. tiaki ai ia i o te tuku iho ahurea, me te hītori, na kia mau ki enei āhuatanga stylistic o te mahi o mua, e rua tau nui me ngā nekehanga e pehi. Ko te aha te tahi mau kaipeita mahi noho unknown.

hopohopo Critics ingoa Gury Nikitin ki te rārangi o nui kaipeita icon Russian. Āpiti atu ki Theophanes te Kariki, Andrei Rublev ko Haimona Ushakov , i ia he mana nui i runga i iconography Russian, me te tika roaa te wahi o kororia i roto i nga rangatira o to ratou mahi.

teie mahana

He maha masterpieces Gury Nikitin ora. Ko te whānui me te nui tino i runga i te whare o te toi i roto i Kostroma. Na, inaianei i roto i Trinity Ipatiev me cathedrals taea te tiki e koe i runga i te haerenga, me te ako e pā ana ki te urupa ahurei o te hoahoanga Russian, me te peita. Ko te waenganui, o te akoranga, hoatu ki te arotake o te frescoes Gury Nikitin.