Tikanga wä roa - he aha te mea tenei?

, как правило, противопоставляется аналитической модели срезов. tikanga ahopou rangahau i roto i te hinengaro, ka rite ki te tikanga, te ātete ki te tauira wāhanga tātari. Maoro, kua oti whakaaro ia i roto i te horopaki o te tautuhi o te pānga wā roa-whakamātau. . Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou atu te mea te tikanga he tikanga ako roa.

Overview

в многократной фиксации параметров на одном человеке либо группе людей. tikanga wä roa, ko te ki te maukati tawhā maha i runga i tetahi tangata rōpū o te iwi ranei. wāhanga Model, i roto i te rerekē, tā te tau rite mo te wa ano i roto i te rerekē ngā kāwai tau. означает "продолженное изучение". Classic tikanga roa i roto i te hinengaro tikanga "tonu te ako."

pū

находится на особой позиции в структуре аналитической техники, социальных наук, дисциплинах, изучающих поведение. Ko te tikanga whakatairite roa i roto i te tūranga motuhake i roto i te hanganga o nga tikanga tātari o te pāpori sciences, pekanga, whanonga ako. he tika ki te maha o ngā āhuatanga tenei. Matua he tūranga motuhake e tika ana ki te pau o te whanaketanga o whakapae whakamātau. Ko te whīwhiwhi o te whakamahere ōrite nui, te aroturuki whakahaere, te hua tukatuka. hoatu tokomaha kaituhi i roto i to ratou mahi whakarōpū tauira tātari tono. , в частности, к организационным приемам. I Tirohia tikanga roa hei whakarite i Ananjevo pā ana i roto i ngā ki ngā rautaki whakahaere.

huānga hanganga

i runga i te whanaketanga o whakapae ngā te whakaaro o ngā rerekētanga i roto i nga akiakinga o tohu ki runga ki te wā. Ano, e kore e tenei take whakaaro rite te pūtake papamuri ranei. Kei te whai whakaaro mai ia kia rite ki te orotahi o te tāupe motuhake. tikanga te tika ariā o te pea o akiaki rangitahi o huringa o tohu te rite te whanaketanga, me te whakarato te mau parau tumu huarahi o māramatanga o te tukanga, te tikanga o te ariā motuhake, me te aromātai i te whakamahere kitea.

Hui nga wero

позволяет прямо обращаться к проверке казуальных предположений в плане требований к временной последовательности следствий и причин. taea tikanga wä roa ki te uru tika koe i te whakaū whakapae noa i roto i ngā o te whakaritenga mo te wa raupapa o ngā pānga me take. Fakatatau ki ai, Ka taea e kawe reira ki te whakatinanatanga o te tikanga matua e rua mō te tāutu kōrero. Ko te tuatahi ko te ki ako i te pūtake me ngā huanga o te wā, ko te tuarua - te whakatūnga o te tāupenga tahi i waenganui ia ratou. Ka taea e hiahiatanga Place te tango i tetahi puaretanga i raro i kitea. Heoi, e kore e taea te tukinotia ratou rite whakamātau, ki te kore e whakahaere i te mātanga. Ka taea te rite Ētahi atu whakaritenga i runga i nga pūtake o te E i roto i te raupapa wāhanga ripeka-motu kitenga ranei. Hei tauira, kitea te huru o aroaro o te tāupenga tahi i waenganui i te taurangi e rerekētanga intergroup kahorekore ranei correlations i waenganui i te taurangi. Ka taea te kitenga o te whakaritenga mo te ngaro o whakapaua kē i roto i te whakamahi o te mana tauanga whakamātautau ranei.

Āhuatanga whanaketanga

возник в период введения систематической переписи населения в Квебеке в Канаде в 17-м столетии. whakatika tikanga wä roa i roto i te whakataki o te tatauranga pūnahanaha i Quebec i Canada i te rau tau 17. Ko te whanaketanga nui o tenei tauira tātari riro i muri i te Ao Tuatahi i roto i Amerika. I muri, i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 20. закрепился в социальных дисциплинах и науке о поведении. tikanga wä roa pūmau i roto i te tikanga ā iwi me te pūtaiao o te whanonga. tauira whanaketanga Modern aia e te whakapai ake o ngā tikanga tātari ngā mōhiohio i whakaritea i te wā o te whakamahere kitea. tohu nga kaituhi o te tuhinga i oti rawa ki te tikanga i roto i taua i roto i te nuinga o te ariā hou autaki tika ranei nga kai-, kua he pūāhua hihiri. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, karanga ratou ki te tika o te tetahi tītohunga i roto i te horopaki o te huringa tango wahi ki a ia ana hononga ki ētahi atu ari ranei. Ka taea te unu te mutunga rite e pā ana ki te tauira hinengaro e kua whakatakotoria ka whakamatautau whakapae e pā ana ki te whanaketanga, roa roa pānga o pānga ranei.

Ko te hononga ki te kitenga tëtehi

. whakamātautau whakapae - he mahi matua e mahi tikanga roa. Heoi, ahakoa tenei, i te whanaketanga o te whakatau e maha hanga i roto i te runga ki nga hua o ngā kitenga tëtehi. E kawea ratou i roto i te anga o te momo o ngā ariā hinengaro te whakamahi i te tikanga te wāhanga. āhei te reira ki a koutou te kitea te hononga o te torutoru taurangi pateko, tangohia i roto i te wā wā motuhake. Mā te whakamahi i enei whakatau meinga e te aroaro o te whakaaro papu o ōritenga o tauira i roto i nei te whakarite me te wā o mua mō ngā kāwai rerekē o ngā kaupapa. E arata'i pinepine te tenei ki te tau'a ore o te puna nui o whakama, e rapua e tokanga makehe.

ariā matua

Hei rawea, he hapori o te iwi i roto i te tauira i tau o whanau, te whakamahi i te wā pērā i "aropā". I roto i runga ki te āhuatanga taupori, te tikanga o tenei ariā he tetahi rōpū o tangata i roto i te whakaritea he taupori matawhenua ora ngā rite i roto i te wā wa tomu'a. Ko te tau tāupe ko te maha wā o tau i te wa o te mātakitaki. te ariā o "wā" kia hoki kia mārama i roto i te tātari. E pā ana ia ki te ine me te atamira, e hipokina te ora o te ropu, tae atu noa ki ona mema o ngā kaupapa hītori. Ōkawa, tautuhia te hapori kei te rite:

Aropā = wā inenga (Kalends tau.) - tau (maha o nga tau i whanau).

whakamārama

E whakaatu ana te whārite i runga fakafalala rārangi wā inenga, me tau aropā. I roto i tenei take, faaite te reira i te tikanga nui mo te puna ahopou o Mixing nahanaha. Iwi i whanau i roto i te taua tau, me te ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga pāpori whānui, hipoki he wā o mua motuhake. fakahu'unga tenei te mutunga e whai ake nei. Common Ko e kore anake te tau o whanautanga aropā o iwi, engari ano hoki ratou 'hītori' - te tirotiro o te wā i roto i nei noho ratou i roto i te whenua ngā, tūkunga matawhenua motuhake, wāhi tōrangapū, ōhanga, me te ahurea. . Ki te ki tenei ranunga tau'a, he reira taea ki te karanga ki te pātai te mana o nga whakatau e ka riro mātanga mā te whakamahi i te huarahi roa.

tūhuratanga

arata'i te fakafalala rārangi ki te meka e i roto i te mana o tetahi tawhā e rua e te mana me te tāupe tuatoru. Ki te whakamahia e te ako tikanga wāhanga, te tauira o iwi ano he "hītori" whānui, engari he reira rerekē mō ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga kaiuru Ahopou. arata'i tenei ki te take whakama o tūkunga pāpori, me te tau. I roto i tenei hononga, ka whakakitea te tawhā whakarite te wāhanga o te iwi o reanga rerekē ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i te kaupapa ake pakeke, me te taitamariki e kore e taea te whakapuaki raina o te tukanga matua me te aropā pānga. Mā te tikanga roa ki inenga whai maha taea whakahaere e kore e hua rapunga hoatu rite te kaupapa rangahau, me nunu'a pāpori o huru te rongo rite motuhake atamira hītori mo te tauira.

Whakamātau ki te hinga i te fakafalala

E wehea ratou ki e rua ngā kāwai ariā. Ko te tuatahi ko te ako o Mason. Kei te mahara te reira ki te whakaoti i te raruraru i te taumata tauanga. Hoki tenei tauira hanga, i nei whakakorea te te collinearity (pū hononga pāngarau) i waenganui i aropā, tau, me te wā wā. Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā huarahi e whai wāhi ariā okotahi tukanga tika whakaaro te pānga o tetahi ngahuru i runga i te raina whakakitea te whanaketanga o te te tàtou. I roto i tenei aronga, kua whakawhanakehia etahi tikanga kua. Ētahi tawhā whakaaro te ropu me te wa pānga pāhekoheko tau. Ētahi atu whakakapinga te whāwhā ona āhuatanga e taea te tika tāutuhia, ka whanganga. Tümanako, kua araia te wā, me te ropu pānga e whai faufaa rerekē mana whakamārama atu i te tohu wā i te tātari. Ka whakakapia ratou āhuatanga operationalize, reira taea ki te whakato i te tawhā o te tau, wā hītori me te tauira ano e hanga. Tenei puka o te tātari e taea i roto i te parau tumu i waho te hōkai o te ako wä roa "pono", i reira kawea he rota o inenga i runga i te maha ngā aropā i te wā kotahi.

whāinga

tikanga wä roa taea ki tirohia te "kaha" whakapae tüao, ka te raveraa i te aromātai ine o ngā āhuatanga hihiri. Ka rite ki te ako matua whāinga he:

1. Te whakapai ake i te tika o te pānga inenga. tutuki ana tēnei e te rerekētanga intraindividualnoy mana. I roto i tenei take, whakamahi te ara iahiko kitenga hia, e, i roto i era atu mea, pā he tikanga roa.
2. Whakamatautau whakapae e pā ana ki te takotoranga o te whanaungatanga tüao, aromatawai ratou kaha.
3. Whakatau i o te puka mahi o ānau trajectories intraindividualnyh ranei.
4. Analysis rerekētanga interindividual. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i ki te awhina o tauira tüao.

I roto i te tuhinga e rite ana te rerekētanga matua i roto i te māramatanga o tenei tikanga mahi kahore whakaaro i runga i te nui iti rawa o poro wā.