Huringa pakihi

Ko te huringa ohaoha - he tetahi o te ariā matua o te hītori o te whanaketanga o whanaunga ōhanga. āhuatanga production Public e wiri auau e faahiti i muri i te tetahi wā o te wā.

Hoki te wā tuatahi mō te taua rerekē ōhanga ngā te aro o Helen Clark - ohanga English, e mea e kore te mea kōpeka nga wahi pakaru i waenganui i te pae faarava'iraa. I roto i te whanaketanga o tana whakaaro koha nui i hanga e te kaihōpara Russian - Nd Kondratiev.

hāngai ana te ariā o te huringa pakihi kei i runga i te huringa o te raupapa e wha o wāhanga ū mai o te raruraru - korekore - anō - tihi.

Raruraru tohu pūnaha ōhanga tāne i, e tika ana ki te hanga heke me tona mutu. A, no te kitea whanaunga mākete kei roto i te raruraru o te overproduction, i hua i roto i te hekenga koi i roto i utu. He tauira o tenei wāhanga krizis1929-1933 tau e taea mahi, ina kua hinga e neke atu i te 50% i te utu US. Heke putanga, maranga kore mahi, hinga moni me, runga i, whakarewa hiahia hoki taonga.

Depression Ko te wā i roto i nei te toenga taonga āta mahuetanga i te utu iti ranei ara tupuheke. Sales āta ora, engari ka mutu i te hinga i roto i ngā utu. E haamata te reira i te hua iti i roto i te rōrahi o te production, engari ko tonu e kore te hokohoko nohopuku nui tere. hāngai Capital te i roto i te tahatika, e kore i kitea tono i roto i te hanga, me te hokohoko. arata'i tenei ki te hua i roto i te supply moni me raro taurewa ngä päpätanga huamoni. Ko te huringa ohaoha tomo te atamira toronga.

huru no te anō e te faaho'iraa mai o te buka production mua raruraru-, utu teitei me hua o hinonga, kaimahi utu. Ina e, ko te taumata o te hanga me te mahi hoki ki te mua-raruraru tohu, pa tona tihi.

Peak - he kawenga tonu o te hanga, te wa ka taea mōrahi, te taumata tiketike o ngā utu, utu, me te moni.

Ko te huringa ohaoha - te ariā he tino whanui. Tukua tokomaha o ona momo. Nuinga o ngā wā, i roto i te ariā, i te whai ake wha.

Poto huringa Kitchin (3-4 tau) - e pā ana i te rerekē i roto i rāhui koura i roto i te ao, me nga ture o te tohanga moni. Ko te huringa wā-waenga (10-20 tau) Zhuglara (ahumahi) - kua pā ana ki te tukanga o te ao nama e pā te tukanga haumi; Smith (hanga) - ki whakahōunga wā o te ngā whakaurunga production. wā roa-(45-60 tau) huringa Kondratieff - e pā ana ki auaha.

Economists whai whakamāramatanga rerekē o nga take o huringa neke. E toru huarahi ki te whakamārama o tenei āhuatanga.

hāngai ana te tuatahi i runga i te meka e te huringa ōhanga he tika ki ngā āhuatanga auauhia ki te pūnaha ōhanga iho. Te nuinga i roto i te rerekē production pā ari tūturu me ngā kaupapa tōrangapū. Kei te whai whakaaro te huringa tuarua hei ōhanga tītohunga ā-. Ko te take matua awe te huringa o te āhua o te ōhanga, whakaaro tenei huarahi te ki hei whakahōunga hurihanga whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te whakapaipai. I runga i nga piki me ngā heke pā te kēkeno o haumi, huringa i roto i te supply moni, whakaiti o te pānga whakanui, whakapaipai whakahoutia, me ētahi atu kite te toru o huarahi te oscillation take i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohaoha taha ā-ki te taiao o waho. Ko te whakamutunga e whakaaro rite tuatahi, e whakapataritari te tīmatanga o te mahi o ngā āhuatanga ā-. Ko te take matua waho ko te āhua.

Ko te kupu, ko te huringa öhanga ko te momo motuhake o rerekē i roto i te mahi ohaoha. Huri arata'i ki huringa o kōpeketanga me roha o te hanga, mahi pakihi, mahi, me te tahi atu tohu. Huringa rerekē i roto i te kaha, roanga, me te tahi atu āhuatanga, engari āhuatanga katoa o ratou i te wāhanga kotahi.