Diesel GOST 305-82. Āhuatanga o te diesel wahie rite ki GOST

Ko te kounga o te pūkaha me te katoa pūnaha wahie e kore kei roto i te iti rawa pā te āhuatanga o te wahie. I teie mahana, kaihanga whakahere Russian GOST 305-82 me diesel wahie. whakawhanakehia paerewa National i roto i 1982, kua i roto o te rā, mo taua mea, me te wahie ano, i runga taua mea i hua noa tata.

GOST 305-82

Hanga i roto i te Soviet Union, tenei paerewa, e regulates te hanga o te diesel wahie, ko te he halá. E parauhia te reira rite nga tikanga hangarau o te hanga me te āhuatanga o te wahie, tikanga nei mo te waka, mīhini ahumahi me kaipuke ki engines diesel nui-tere.

wahie Modern hanga e te paerewa Pākehā te ao, kei te ngā mono i te wahie hokohoko diesel mo te hanga o e whakamahi te GOST tawhito. Diesel Euro anake e kua he mahi tino teitei, a ano he nui Greener.

Heoi, whakaaro tenei ra (i te iti rawa i roto i te pou) e te wahie, e taea te tukua ki te tono ngā tāpiritanga kua etahi painga e tika ana ki tona ringa rehe me te whānui o te pāmahana whakahaere whānui.

poi o tono

wahie diesel (GOST 305-82) whakamahia i tae noa tata mo te hōia, mīhini ahuwhenua, kaipuke diesel me te utanga tauira waka tawhito.

Tenei wahie whakamahia mō te whakawera whare iti kei matara i te whakawera pokapū. Ko te huinga o utu iti me te pūngao tiketike nui whakaora te utu o te tiaki o ngā whare.

He aha i roto i te mua? 1982 State Paerewa o te tau whakakapi ki GOST 305-2013, i haere mai ki te pānga i January 2015. Na kei te mārama te reira e kore te GOST diesel 305-2013 taea te mohio i roto i te teihana whakakī tūmatanui, me te te hangaia mo te tiketike-tere, me te mīhini huri hiko engines , e rua i roto i te whenua, me te i roto i nga whenua o te Customs Union (Kazakhstan me Peraruhia).

Ko te painga matua

Na, ko te painga matua - te reira rehe me te whakahaere pāmahana. I tua atu, i te hua o te diesel tawhito pai whakaaro tona tika whakahaere, kï hoki tekau tau; taea o te rokiroki roa kahore taumaha te mahi; ake i te mana pūkaha.

Kei Diesel GOST 305-82 ngāwari tātari, he nui iti o pūhui whanariki, me te e kore e whakangaro i te wahi o te pūkaha.

Ko te painga mâro-o diesel wahie ko tona utu iti whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo o kora wai.

Ko te drawback matua

Ko te drawback matua o wahie, no te mea o nei, i roto i te meka, iti ki tona whakamahi ko te piha taiao iti. Diesel GOST 305-82 (2013) no ki te K2 piha haapiiraa. A e rāhuitia tenei ra i runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation mō te K3 tohanga ara kora piha taiao, me te K4.

diesel waitohu

kaiwhakau Paerewa Old taua toru wahie waitohu hou - wha. e rave rahi hoki awhe pāmahana rerekē o te whakamahi, me te mahi.

Tawhā (GOST) diesel raumati wahie (A) pāmahana whakahaere - i haunga te 5 ° C, te mata flash o engines diesel mō te whakaaro whānui - 40 ° C, mo kapohau hau, moana, me te diesel - 62 ° C.

Ko te taua wāhi flash i atu-wa wahie (E), e tīmata pāmahana whakahaere i haunga te 15 ° C.

Te tiaki wahie (B) whakamahia te i pāmahana ki runga ki haunga te 35 ° C, me haunga te 25 ° C. A, ki te i roto i te whakatakotoranga i whakaritea 1982 goda pāmahana mahi e te mata ringihia o wahie, i roto i te tuhinga hou e pā ana ki te pāmahana filtration - -35 ° C me -25 ° C aua.

Ka taea te whakamahi Arctic (A) rite ki GOST 305-82 diesel wahie, mai te pāmahana o haunga te 50 ° C. I roto i tenei rohe tuhinga hou whakaarahia e rima nga nekehanga, ka karanga kua tūtohutia pāmahana o 45 ° C, me te runga ake.

momo o te diesel wahie

Gasoil GOST 52368-2005 (Euro) wehea e te ihirangi whanariki papatipu i roto i te toru ngā momo:

• Ahau - 350 mg;
• II - 50 mg;
• III - 10 mg ia kg o wahie.

I roto i te GOST 305-82 diesel wahie, i runga i te ōrau o te whanariki rānei te wehea ki ngā momo:

• Ahau - kora o ngā auroro katoa, i roto i nei e kore te mea neke atu i te 0.2% i te rahi o te whanariki;
• II - diesel wahie ki te ihirangi whanariki mō ngā auroro A & B - 0.5%, me mo te waitohu A - 0.4%.

Ko te GOST hou 305-2013, tata paerewa o te ao, ka tuwhaina e te wahie ki e rua momo o te ihirangi whanariki, ahakoa o waitohu. kōrero ahau ki te wahie puka ahau ki te ihirangi whanariki o 2.0 g, me te puka II - 500 mg ia kirokaramu o wahie.

Ahakoa puka II kei wā whanariki me te hawhe nui atu te momo wahie ahau, kia rite ki ngā paerewa o te ao.

He nui nui o te whanariki - he tukunga kino ki te huru, engari ngā āhuatanga pai lubricating o te wahie i roto i te tukanga.

tohu

I roto i te GOST 305-82 wahie reta whakapaipai tapanga A, G A (raumati, hotoke ranei Arctic aua), te hautanga papatipu o whanariki ranei, flash wāhi raumati me te wahie hotoke riringi wāhi. Hei tauira, kei te tohua Z-0,5 haunga 45. māka teitei, ki waho tuatahi characterizing te kounga o te wahie ranei i roto i te tiwhikete mo te rōpū.

wahie diesel (GOST P 52368-2005) tohua pukapuka i tohua DT te kōeke piha ranei i runga i te filterability pāmahana me te uhia rānei, me te momo ahau wahie, II III ranei.

Hoki te Customs Union i reira ko te tuhinga e regulates te whakaritenga mo te wahie, tae atu tona tohu. Kei roto te reira i pū DT, tohu (A, G, E ranei te) me i te K2 tauwehe taiao ki K5 whakaatu ihirangi whanariki.

Mai te rota o ngā tuhinga, te ariā o te kōeke e rerekē ratou, me te āhuatanga i tohua i roto i te taipitopito ake i roto i te Kounga Tiwhikete, e kore te reira nohinohi te whakapuakitanga momo "Sale o diesel wahie putorino kōeke 1 GOST 30582005". Ie whakatau tawhā me wahie katoa kounga tenei paerewa, te kahore hoki te ihirangi whanariki.

āhuatanga Main o diesel

Ko te tawhā whakahaere tino nui e tohu diesel GOST 305-82 (2013) ko: te tau cetane, hanganga hautanga, kiato, pokey, āhuatanga pāmahana, te hautau papatipu o ngā poke.

tau Cetane faaite ignitability wahie. Ko te teitei te score, haere iti te wa i te werohanga wahie ki te puoto mahi mua ki tona parariraa, a konei te poto te roanga o te warmup pūkaha.

Tei te reira i runga i te hanganga hautanga o te tōtika ngingiha me te tāoke o te haurehu whakapau. I roto i te Māturu o te wahie diesel whakaritea te te kau o katoa whewhe-atu he nui etahi o te wahie (ki te 95% ki te 50%). Ko te uaua te hanganga te waku i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whaiti me runga ake te paepae e koropupu raro, a reira puta autoignition muri atu i te wahie i roto i te ruma ngingiha.

Kiato, me te pokey pā te supply wahie me ngā tukanga i werohia, me tona kakama filtration.

pā poke kākahu pūkaha, te waikura ātete o te pūnaha wahie, te takanga o te tahu ki reira tohu.

Rahui filterability pāmahana - ko reira he taua pāmahana iti i ai thickened te wahie tūnga e rerengia ana i roto i te tātari me ngā pūtau o te rahi etahi. Ko tētahi atu tawhā pāmahana - he pāmahana kapua wāhi i ai te ware pi tīmata ki whātioata, i.e. diesel wahie riro kapua.

Whakatakotoranga GOST 305-2013 huinga mō ngā rama katoa o te taua: ko te tokomaha cetane, te hautanga papatipu o whanariki, kawatanga, tau konutawa, pungarehu, coking, parahanga, ihirangi wai. pā te rerekētanga ki ngā āhuatanga pāmahana, te pokey me te mātotoru wahie. I roto i te GOST 305-82 i tonu ngā rerekētanga, me te coking.

whakaritenga Hangarau mō te diesel wahie

Ko te kupu, ko te tau cetane mō ngā auroro katoa o wahie rite ki 45, te ihirangi whanariki - rānei 2.0 g 500 mg ia kg ranei. Ko te tohu tino nui characterizing te wahie tenei.

Ko te kiato o te diesel wahie rite ki GOST rerekē i 863,4 kg / cu. wahie m mō māka A me te E ki 833,5 kg / cu. m mo te kōeke A, te pokey kinematic - i 3.0-6.0 sq. mm / s ki 1.5-4.0 sq. mm / s, aua.

āhuatanga hanganga hautanga e te whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana i 280 ° C ki te 360 ° C mō te kōeke katoa o wahie, ki te kahore hoki te Arctic, kei roto i te whānuitanga o ngā i 255 ° C ki te 360 ° C. nei kohua pāmahana

Āhuatanga e kore e (hou GOST) diesel raumati rerekē i te āhuatanga o te wahie atu-wa, ki te kahore te pāmahana rohe filterability.

Iti wahie flash hotoke mō engines diesel, whakaaro whānui - 30 ° C, mo kapohau hau, moana me te diesel - 40 ° C, Arctic - 30 ° C me 35 ° C aua.

Rerekētanga diesel GOST 305-82 (2013) me te Euro

Hoki i roto i 1993, whakaturia nga paerewa kounga Pākehā e kore ko te tau cetane raro atu i 49. whitu nga tau i muri mai, he paerewa e tautuhi ana i te āhuatanga hangarau o te wahie Euro 3, whakaturia tawhā kita. kia tau Cetane neke atu i te 51, te hautanga papatipu o te whanariki - iti iho i te 0,035%, me te kiato - iti iho i te 845 kg / cu. m. Kua tightened te paerewa i roto i 2005, me te i ēnei rā i reira e ao, whakapumautia i roto i 2009.

I teie mahana, whakaputaina RF te diesel GOST 52368-2005 ki te maha cetane ki runga ake i 51, i te ihirangi whanariki o iti iho i te 10 mg / kg, he paemura o 55 ° C, he kiato i te whānuitanga o 820 ki te 845 kg / cu. m me te filterability pāmahana i haunga te 5 ki me 20 ° C.

Ahakoa te whakatairite i te tuatahi e rua mehua, he reira taea ki te faaoti i taua hanganga ture-kore ki te GOST 305-2013 diesel whakaritenga taiao hou.

whakaritenga haumaru

No te mea diesel wahie - pūkākā wai, te āwangawanga mehua haumaru, tuatahi, me te tuatahi, ki te tiaki ki te ahi. E te reira i% 3 anake o te katoa kohu i roto i te rangi i roto i te ruma i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapataritari i te pahūtanga. Na reira, whakaritenga tiketike mō te taatiraa o te taputapu me te taputapu. Parengia oma waea me te rama turanga, e whakamahia taputapu anake e te hunga e kore e nei tapahia atu ara tūpono te faatupu i.

Nui mō te tautukunga ki ture haumaru, me nga tikanga o te rokiroki o diesel wahie rite ki GOST 305-82 (2013) ko nga pānuitanga pāmahana i runga i te kaha ki te tahu.

Mark wahie	Temperature Autoignition, ° C	Ko te pātīmata rohe pāmahana, ° C
		runga	raro
Summer, atu-wa	300	119	69
hotoke	310	105	62
Arctic	330	100	57

He mea tino nui mehua haumaru me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana i roto i nga wahi o te rokiroki o nga mano o taranata o diesel wahie, hei tauira i roto i ngā tipu te mana wā roa-.

Whakatakotoranga mō ngā tipu diesel mana

Diesel tipu te mana whakamahi i teie mahana wahie rite ki GOST 305-82. Taputapu mo enei huinga o rua production kāinga me te ke.

e kore e kaiwhakanao Foreign tūtohu, engari e kore e rāhuitia e te whakamahi o te diesel wahie GOST 305-82 (2013) ki te ihirangi whanariki tiketike o 0.5%, me te 0.4%.

Hei tauira, te kamupene FGWilson tūtohu ki te whakamahi i te kōeke teitei me te tuatahi o nga kōeke katoa o wahie ki te maha cetane o 45, he ihirangi whanariki o kore neke atu i te 0.2%, te wai me te tāpiri - 0.05%, he kiato o 0.835 - 0,855 kg / mita pūtoru. dmen. Ēnei āhuatanga hāngai ki te momo wahie GOST ahau 305-82 (2013).

hiahiatia te kirimana mo te supply o diesel wahie ki te whakato te mana kei te ki te tautuhi i ona āhuatanga physico-matū: tau cetane, kiato, pokey, wāhi flash, ihirangi whanariki, ihirangi pungarehu. e kore e poke me te wai Mechanical tukua i te katoa.

Hei tirohia te kounga o te wahie tukua me te reta o ona āhuatanga whakaturia kāwanatanga rohe paerewa whakatau te ihirangi o poke houhou me te paemura. Ki te puta me te malfunctions taputapu inarā mau ratou wāhanga, whakaritea me ētahi atu tawhā.

GOST 305-82 tawhitotia, ka whakakapia, ko te tuhinga hou, i haere mai ki te kaha i te timatanga o 2015, e kore e nui kua puta ke whakaritenga mō engines diesel nui-tere. Pea mahana rāhuitia he wahie mo te whakamahi i roto i te whānui, engari kei te whakamahia hoki i tenei ra i te reira kia rite ki te tipu te mana me me'alele tīsolo, taimaha waka hōia me waka arumoni, e park te tiaki mai i nga ra o te Soviet Union.